Terms : Hide Images
| 7211530307 | Formal region | Groups of areal units that have a high degree of homogeneity in terms of particular distinguishing features |  | 0 |
| 7211530308 | Environmental determinism | A doctrine that holds that human activities are controlled by the environment | 1 | |
| 7211530309 | Stimulus diffusion | A form of diffusion in which a cultural adaptation is created as a result of the introduction of a cultural trait from another place |  | 2 |
| 7211530311 | Functional region | An area organized around a node or focal point | 3 | |
| 7211530312 | Physiological density | The density of population per unit of arable land |  | 4 |
| 7211530313 | Relocation diffusion | Sequential diffusion process in which the items being diffused are transmitted by their carrier agents as they evacuate the old areas and relocate to new ones. The most common form involves the spreading of innovations by a migrating population |  | 5 |
| 7211530314 | Possibilism | The theory that the physical environment itself will neither suggest nor determine what people will attempt, but it may limit what people can profitably achieve | 6 | |
| 7211530315 | Cartography | The body of practical and theoretical knowledge about making distinctive visual representations of Earth's surface in the form of maps |  | 7 |
| 7211530316 | Expansion diffusion | The spread of an innovation or an idea through a population in an area in such a way that the number of those influenced grows continuously larger, resulting in an expanding area of dissemination |  | 8 |
| 7211530317 | Contagious diffusion | The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person |  | 9 |
| 7211530318 | Spatial | Pertaining to space on the Earth's surface; sometimes used as a synonym for geographic |  | 10 |
| 7211530319 | Perceptual region | region that only exists as a conceptualization or idea and not as a physically demarcated entity—THE example is the south |  | 11 |
| 7211530320 | Sequent occupance | The notion that successive societies leave their cultural imprints on a place, each contributing to the cumulative cultural landscape |  | 12 |
| 7211530321 | Pandemic | An outbreak of disease that spreads worldwide |  | 13 |
| 7233953696 | Quantitative Data | Associated with mathematical models and statistical techniques used to analyze spatial location and association |  | 14 |
| 7233953697 | GIS | A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data |  | 15 |
| 7233953698 | Sunbelt | The south and southwest regions of the United States |  | 16 |
| 7233953699 | Qualitative Data | Data associated with a humanistic approach to geography and is collected through interviews, empirical observations or interpretation of artifact |  | 17 |
| 7233953700 | Choropleth map | A thematic map in which areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the statistical variable being displayed on the map, such as population density or per-capita income |  | 18 |
| 7233953701 | Step migration | Migration to a distant destination that occurs in stages, for example, from farm to nearby village and later to town and city | 19 | |
| 7233953702 | Arithmetic density | The population of a country or region expressed as an average per unit area. The figure is derived by dividing the population of the areal unit by the number of square kilometers or miles that make up the unit |  | 20 |
| 7233953703 | toponym | Place name |  | 21 |
| 7233953704 | place | A specific geographic setting with distinctive physical, social, and cultural attributes |  | 22 |
| 7233953705 | infrastructure | The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities ( buildings, roads, power supply) needed for the operation of a society or enterprise |  | 23 |
| 7233953706 | isoline | Line on a map connecting points of equal temperature values |  | 24 |
| 7233953707 | Distance decay | The fact that the presence or impact of any cultural attribute usually diminishes away from its hearth area |  | 25 |
| 7233953708 | Cartogram map | is a map in which some thematic mapping variable - such as travel time, population- is substituted for land area or distance. The geometry or space of the map is distorted in order to convey the information of this alternate variable |  | 26 |
| 7233953709 | Agricultural density | Ratio between the number of agriculturalist per unit of arable land in a specific area |  | 27 |
| 7233953710 | Graduated symbol | Maps use symbols of different sizes to represent the numerical values of an attribute. The size of the symbol is proportional to the value it symbolizes. Useful for illustrating quantitative information, such as traffic volume, earthquakes at different magnitudes, and population. |  | 28 |
| 7282207412 | Pronatalist party | Government attempts to raise the rate of natural increase | 29 | |
| 7282207413 | Epidemiological transition | Distinctive cause of death in each stage of the demographic transition |  | 30 |
| 7282207414 | census | An official enumeration of the population (counting) |  | 31 |
| 7282207415 | asylum | Shelter and protection in one state for refugees from another state |  | 32 |
| 7282207416 | Eugenic policy | Government policies designed to favor one racial sector over others |  | 33 |
| 7282207417 | Gravity model | A mathematical formula to express the gravitational forces that one object exerts on another; social scientists seek analogous formulas in their study of human activities |  | 34 |
| 7282207418 | IMR | The number of infants per thousand who die before reaching 1 year of age | 35 | |
| 7282207419 | Demographic transition model | Replacement of high birth and death rates but low birth and death rates |  | 36 |
| 7282207420 | Chain migration | Pattern of migration that develops when migrants move along and through kinship links |  | 37 |
| 7282207421 | Dependency ratio | The number of people under the age of 15 and over age 64 , compares to the number of people active in the labor force |  | 38 |
| 7282207422 | Malthus | Claimed that geometric growth of population would eventually exceed the arithmetic growth of resources |  | 39 |
| 7282207423 | Population density | Is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume |  | 40 |
| 7282207424 | Guest worker | A foreign worker permitted to work in a country, especially in Western Europe, on a temporary basis |  | 41 |
| 7282207425 | Antinatalist policy | Government policies designed to reduce the rate of natural increase | 42 | |
| 7282207426 | Carrying capacity | The largest number of people that the environment of a particular area can support |  | 43 |
| 7361055563 | Sharia laws | The system of Islamic law based on varying degrees of interpretations of the Qu'ran |  | 44 |
| 7361055564 | Shamansim | Community faith in traditional societies in which people follow their religious leader, teacher, healer, and visionary | 45 | |
| 7361055565 | Protestant | One of three major branches of Christianity. Resulting from the reformation wherein John Huss, Martin Luther, John Calvin, and others challenged many of the fundamental teachings of the Roman Catholic Church |  | 46 |
| 7361055567 | Remittance | Money migrants send back to families and friends in their home countries, often in cash, forming an important part of the economy in many poor countries |  | 47 |
| 7361055568 | TFR | The average number of children that could be born to a woman over her lifetime in a given population. |  | 48 |
| 7361055569 | Romance languages | French, Spanish, Italian, Romanian, and Portuguese that lie in the areas that were once controlled by the Roman Empire but were not subsequently overwhelmed |  | 49 |
| 7361055570 | Slavic Languages | Russian, Polish, Czech, Slovak, Ukrainian.... |  | 50 |
| 7361055571 | Standard language | The way any language is spoken and written according to formal rules of diction and grammar |  | 51 |
| 7361055572 | Shi'ite | Muslims who believe that Muhammad's son-in-law Ali should have been the first caliph | 52 | |
| 7361055573 | Placelessness | Defined by geographer Edward Relph as the loss of uniqueness of place in the cultural landscape so that one place looks like the next |  | 53 |
| 7361055574 | Internally displaced persons | Someone who is forced to flee his or her home but who remains within his or her country's borders. They are often referred to as refugees, although they do not fall within the current legal definition of a refugee. |  | 54 |
| 7361055575 | Refugees | As defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention, someone with "a well-founded fear of being persecuted in his country of origin for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion." |  | 55 |
| 7361055576 | Sunni | Muslims who approve the historic order of Muhammad's first four successors; today about 85 percent of all Muslims | 56 | |
| 7361055577 | Shintoism | Located in Japan and related to Buddhism. Focuses particularly on nature and ancestor worship |  | 57 |
| 7442080223 | Hearth | An area where an idea or cultural trait originates |  | 58 |
| 7442080224 | Dialect | A minor variation within a language |  | 59 |
| 7442080225 | Cultural landscape | A landscape that reveals the many ways people modify their local environment (also called built landscape) |  | 60 |
| 7442080226 | Taoism | Religion believed to have been founded by Lao-Tsu and based upon his book entitled "Tao-te-ching," or "Book of the Way." Lao-Tsu focused on the proper form of political rule and on the oneness of humanity and nature |  | 61 |
| 7442080227 | Theocracy | A government guided by a religion |  | 62 |
| 7442080228 | acculturation | process in which one culture substantially changes through interaction with another (one-way transfer) |  | 63 |
| 7442080229 | Assimilation | The process through which people lose originally differentiating traits, such as dress, speech particularities or mannerisms, when they come into contact with another society or culture. |  | 64 |
| 7442080230 | ethnocentrism | evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture |  | 65 |
| 7442080231 | Language families | The languages which are related by descent from a common protolanguage |  | 66 |
| 7442080232 | Lingua franca | A second language held in common for international discourse |  | 67 |
| 7442080233 | Ethnic religion | A religion that is particular to one, culturally distinct, group of people. Adherents do not actively seek converts through evangelism or missionary work |  | 68 |
| 7442080234 | Folk culture | Culture that preserves traditions |  | 69 |
| 7442080235 | Culture trait | A single aspect of the complex of routine practices that constitute a particular cultural group |  | 70 |
| 7442080236 | Zionism | The belief that the Jews should have a homeland of their own |  | 71 |
| 7442080237 | amalgamation | in ethnic geography, the concept that multiethnic societies become a merger of the culture traits of their member groups |  | 72 |
| 7489683441 | Supranationalism | A group of independent countries joined together for purposes of mutual interest |  | 73 |
| 7489683442 | Buddhism | Founded in the 6th century BCE and characterized by the belief that enlightenment would come through knowledge, especially self-knowledge; elimination of greed, craving, and desire; complete honesty; and never hurting another person or animal. |  | 74 |
| 7489683443 | Creole language | A pidgin that has survived long enough to become a mother tongue |  | 75 |
| 7489683444 | Confucianism | A philosophy of ethics, education, and public service based on the writings and traditionally thought of as one of the core elements of Chinese culture | | 76 |
| 7489683445 | Interfaith boundary | Boundaries between the world's major faiths |  | 77 |
| 7489683446 | Feng Shui | The placement and design of temples, gravesites, homes, business establishments, and even whole cities to guarantee good luck or happiness |  | 78 |
| 7489683448 | Intrafaith boundary | Boundaries within a single major faith | 79 | |
| 7489683453 | Islam | The youngest of the major world religions |  | 80 |
| 7489683454 | Germanic languages | English, German, Danish, Norwegian, and Swedish that reflect the expansion of peoples out of Northern European to the west and south | 81 | |
| 7489683455 | Diaspora | A spatial dispersion of a previously homogeneous group | 82 | |
| 7489683456 | Animistic religion | A belief in the ubiquity of spirits or spiritual forces | 83 | |
| 7489683457 | Universalizing religion | Adherents often believe that their religion represents universal truths, and in some cases great effort is undertaken in evangelism and missionary work |  | 84 |
| 7489683458 | Sacred site | An area recognized by individuals or groups as worthy of special attention as a site of special religious experiences or events |  | 85 |
| 7489683459 | Popular culture | The culture of people who embrace innovation and conform to changing norms |  | 86 |
| 7489683460 | Pidgin language | A system of communication which has grown up among people who do not share a common language, but who want to talk with each other | 87 | |
| 7577624351 | Intrafaith boundary | Boundaries within a single major faith | 88 | |
| 7577624353 | Shifting cultivation | A system in which farmers aim to maintain soil fertility by rotating the fields within which cultivation occurs |  | 89 |
| 7577624354 | Primogeniture | System which the eldest son in a family—or, in exceptional cases, daughter—inherits all of a dying parent's land |  | 90 |
| 7577624355 | Plantation agriculture | A system of monoculture for producing export crops requiring relatively large amounts of land and capital; originally dependent on slave labor |  | 91 |
| 7577624356 | Conquest theory | One major theory of how Proto-Indo-European diffused into Europe which holds that the early speakers spread westward on horseback, overpowering earlier inhabitants and beginning the diffusion and differentiation of Indo-European tongues | 92 | |
| 7577624357 | Official language | The language in which government business is conducted and official records are kept | 93 | |
| 7577624358 | Isogloss | A line around places where speakers use a linguistic feature in the same way |  | 94 |
| 7577624359 | Nostratic | Language believed to be the ancestral language not only of Proto-Indo-European language among others | 95 | |
| 7577624360 | Koppen | A system for classifying the world's climates on the basis of temperature and precipitation |  | 96 |
| 7577624361 | Nomadism | Movement among a definite set of places—often cyclic movement |  | 97 |
| 7577624362 | Transhumance | The movement of herds according to seasonal rhythms: warmer, lowland areas in the winter; cooler, highland areas in the summer |  | 98 |
| 7577624363 | Slash and burn | The system of cultivation in which plants are cropped close to the ground, left for a period, and then ignited |  | 99 |
| 7577624364 | Renfrew hypothesi | Proposal that three areas near the first agricultural hearth, the Fertile Crescent, gave rise to three language families: Europe's Indo-European languages, North African and Arabian languages, and the languages in present-day Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India | 100 | |
| 7577624365 | Rectangular survey | Also called the Public Land Survey |  | 101 |
| 7577624366 | Pilgrimage | Voluntary travel by an adherent to a sacred site to pay respects or participate in a ritual a the site |  | 102 |
| 7577624368 | Agribusiness | Highly mechanized, large scale farming, usually under corporate ownership |  | 103 |
| 7726204653 | Organic agriculture | Approach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs |  | 104 |
| 7726204654 | horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers |  | 105 |
| 7726204655 | GMO | Any organism that has had its DNA modified in a laboratory rather than through cross-pollination or other forms of evolution |  | 106 |
| 7726204656 | Intensive farming | any kind of agricultural activity that involves effective and efficient use of labor on small plots of land to maximize crop yield | 107 | |
| 7726204657 | Neolithic Revolution | Achieved plant and animal domestication |  | 108 |
| 7726204658 | Terrace | A farming system that is in the form of steps going up a mountain |  | 109 |
| 7726204659 | biotechnology | use of genetically engineered crops in agriculture & DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production. |  | 110 |
| 7726204660 | Economies of scale | Increase In Effiency Of Production As The Number Of Goods Being Produced Increases | 111 | |
| 7726204661 | Green revolution | the recent introduction of high-yield hybrid crops an chemical fertilizers and pesticides into traditional Asian agricultural systems, most notably paddy rice farming, with attendant increases in production and ecological damage | 112 | |
| 7726204662 | Second Agricultural Revolution | Benefited from the industrial revolution. Witnessed improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce |  | 113 |
| 7726204663 | Von Thunen Model | Explains the location of agricultural activities in a commercial, profit-making economy |  | 114 |
| 7726204666 | Built landscape | Also called cultural landscape | 115 | |
| 7726204668 | Aquifer | Subterranean, porous, water-holding rocks that provide millions of wells with steady flows of water. |  | 116 |
| 7726204669 | Bioclimatic zone | Shifting cultivation and pastoral nomadism are both examples of agricultural systems associated with major __________________ | 117 | |
| 7726204670 | Commodity chain | Network of labor and production processes beginning with the extraction or production of raw materials and ending with the delivery of a finished commodity |  | 118 |
| 7726204671 | Extensive farming | an agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area | 119 | |
| 7802684540 | Longlot survey | Distinct regional approach to land surveying found in the Canadian Maritimes, parts of Quebec, Louisiana, and Texas whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canal |  | 120 |
| 7802684541 | Secularism | A lifestyle or policy that deliberately ignores or excludes religious consideration |  | 121 |
| 7802684542 | Balkanization | Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities |  | 122 |
| 7802684543 | Autonomous region | An administrative division of a country that has a degree of freedom from an external authority. Typically it is either geographically distinct from the rest of the country or populated by a national minority. | 123 | |
| 7802684544 | ASEAN (Association of South East Asia Nations) | Political organization; founded in 1967 in Thailand, southeast countries, accelerate economic growth, social progress, & cultural development |  | 124 |
| 7802684545 | Megalopolis | Term used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse parts of the world. Synonym for conurbation |  | 125 |
| 7802684546 | Geometric boundary | A political border drawn in a regular, geometric manner, often a straight line, without regard for environmental or cultural patterns |  | 126 |
| 7802684549 | devolution | Movement of power from central to regional governments | 127 | |
| 7802684550 | Delimited | Drawing of boundaries | 128 | |
| 7802684551 | Compact state | A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly |  | 129 |
| 7802684552 | Centripetal force | Forces that bind a state together | 130 | |
| 7802684553 | Centrifugal force | Forces that tend to pull states apart |  | 131 |
| 7802684554 | Demarcated | Boundary built on the landscape | 132 | |
| 7802684558 | Multistate nation | Nation that stretches across borders and across states |  | 133 |
| 7802684559 | Reapportionment | The process of allocating electoral seats to geographical areas |  | 134 |
| 7984412526 | European Union | Supranational organization that resulted in Europe's common currency |  | 135 |
| 7984412527 | Gerrymandering | The drawing of voting district lines in ways that include or exclude specific groups of voters, so that one group gains an unfair advantage |  | 136 |
| 7984412528 | Law of the Sea | These extend from the edge of the territorial sea out to 200 nautical miles (370 kilometres; 230 miles) from the baseline. Within this area, the coastal nation has sole exploitation rights over all natural resources. In casual use, the term may include the territorial sea and even the continental shelf |  | 137 |
| 7984412529 | Multinational state | State with more than one nation within its borders |  | 138 |
| 7984412530 | municipalities | a city or town that has corporate status and local government |  | 139 |
| 7984412531 | Hierarchical diffusion | A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples. |  | 140 |
| 7984412533 | Irredentism | The homeland of a nationality "spilling over" to another state. | 141 | |
| 7984412534 | Heartland theory | A 1904 proposal by Mackinder that the key to world conquest lay in control of the interior of Eurasia | 142 | |
| 7984412535 | Census | An official enumeration of the population | 143 | |
| 7984412537 | Economic devolution | Centrifugal force due to economic disparity within a country |  | 144 |
| 7984412538 | Federal | A form of government in which a central government shared power with subunits |  | 145 |
| 7984412539 | Geopolitical | The study of the interplay between international political relations and the territorial/environmental context in which they occur |  | 146 |
| 7984412540 | Elongated state | A state with a long, narrow shape |  | 147 |
| 7984412541 | Ethnocultural devolution | Centrifugal force due to multicultural state | 148 | |
| 7984412542 | Fragmented state | A state that included several discontinuous pieces of territory |  | 149 |
| 7984412543 | metropolitan | a major population center made up of a large city and the smaller suburbs and towns that surround it |  | 150 |
| 8169102610 | Nation | A group of people often sharing common elements of culture, such as religion or language or a history or political identity | 151 | |
| 8169102611 | NATO | an alliance made to defend one another if they were attacked by any other country; US, England, France, Canada, Western European countries |  | 152 |
| 8169102612 | Perforated state | a state that completely surrounds another state. The only good example of a state that completely surrounds another is Lesotho, surrounded by South Africa |  | 153 |
| 8169102613 | Sovereignty | The exercise of State power over people and territory, recognized by other States and codified by international law | 154 | |
| 8169102614 | Spatial devolution | Centrifugal force due to geographic distance- example = USA/Alaska | 155 | |
| 8169102618 | Organic Theory | A country, behaves like an organism-to survive, a state requires nourishment, or territory, to gain political power. |  | 156 |
| 8169102619 | Primary economic activity | An industry engaged in the extraction of natural resources, such as agriculture, lumbering, and mining |  | 157 |
| 8169102620 | Prorupted state | These states have a long extension as part of their territory. Example = Thailand |  | 158 |
| 8169102621 | redistricting | to divide anew into districts, as for administrative or electoral purposes |  | 159 |
| 8169102622 | State morphology | study of states' shapes and their effects |  | 160 |
| 8169102623 | NAFTA | Agreement entered into by Canada, Mexico, and the United States in December, 1992 and which took effect on January 1, 1994, to eliminate the barriers to trade |  | 161 |
| 8169102624 | Nanavut | a territory in northern Canada that includes the eastern part of the original Northwest Territories and most of the islands of the Arctic Archipelago; capital Iqaluit. It is the homeland of the Inuit people |  | 162 |
| 8169102625 | Nation-state | An independent country dominated by a relatively homogeneous culture group |  | 163 |
| 8169102626 | Rimland Theory | stated that Eurasia's coastal areas, is the key to controlling the World Island. |  | 164 |
| 8169102627 | Secondary economic activity | Economic activities that process, transform, fabricate, or assemble the raw materials derived from primary activities, or that reassemble, refinish, or package manufactured goods |  | 165 |
