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AP Psychology - Development Psychology Flashcards

Advanced Placement Psychology

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6578463064Developmental Psychologya branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span.0
6578463065Zygotethe fertilized egg; it enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo.1
6578463066Embryothe developing human organism from about 2 weeks after fertilization through the second month.2
6578463067Fetusthe developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth.3
6578463068Teratogensagents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm.4
6578463069Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking. In severe cases, symptoms include noticeable facial misproportions.5
6578463070Habituationdecreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation. As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they look away sooner.6
6578463071Assimilationinterpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas.7
6578463072AccommodationDevelopment - adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information.8
6578463073Sensorimotor Stagein Piaget's theory, the stage (from birth to about 2 years of age) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities.9
6578463074Object Permanencethe awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived.10
6578463075Preoperational Stagein Piaget's theory, the stage (from 2 to about 6 or 7 years of age) during which a child learns to use language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic.11
6578463076Conservationthe principle (which Piaget believed to be a part of concrete operational reasoning) that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects.12
6578463077Egocentrismin Piaget's theory, the preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view.13
6578463078Theory of Mindpeople's ideas about their own and others' mental states—about their feelings, perceptions, and thoughts, and the behaviors these might predict.14
6578463079Concrete Operational Stagein Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (from about 6 or 7 to 11 years of age) during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events.15
6578463080Formal Operational Stagein Piaget's theory, the stage of cognitive development (normally beginning about age 12) during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts.16
6578463081Autisma disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind.17
6578463082Attachmentan emotional tie with another person; shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation.18
6578463083Imprintingthe process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life.19
6578463084Temperamenta person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity.20
6578463085Gender Typingthe acquisition of a traditional masculine or feminine role.21
6578463086Social Learning Theorythe theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished.22
6578463087Identityour sense of self; according to Erikson, the adolescent's task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and integrating various roles.23
6578463088Social Identitythe "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships.24
6578463089Intimacyin Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood.25
6578463090Emerging Adulthoodfor some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to mid-twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood.26
6578463091Longitudinal Studyresearch in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period.27
6578463092Crystallized Intelligenceour accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age.28
6578463093Fluid Intelligenceour ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood.29
6578463094Social Clockthe culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement.30

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