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| 5786733157 | Core | The innermost zone of earth made of molter iron and nickel. |  | 0 |
| 5786733798 | Mantle | The 2nd innermost layer of the earth made of magma. |  | 1 |
| 5786734582 | Magma | molten rock. |  | 2 |
| 5786735070 | Asthenosphere | Located in the outer part of the mantle composed of semi-molten rock. |  | 3 |
| 5786735709 | Lithosphere | The outermost layer of the earth, including the mantle and crust. |  | 4 |
| 5786736898 | Crust | The outermost layer of the lithosphere. |  | 5 |
| 5786739242 | Hot spot | A place where molten material from under the earth reaches the lithosphere. |  | 6 |
| 5786743475 | Plate tectonics | The theory the the lithosphere is divided into plates, most of which are in constant motion. |  | 7 |
| 5786745794 | Subduction | The process where one crustal plate passes under another. |  | 8 |
| 5786748537 | Divergent Plate boundary | An area beneath the ocean where boundaries move away from each other. |  | 9 |
| 5786748846 | Seafloor spreading | The formation of the new ocean crust as a result of magma pushing upward and outward the mantle. |  | 10 |
| 5786749257 | Convergent Plate Boundary | An area where plates move toward one another and collide. |  | 11 |
| 5786749577 | Transform Fault Boundary | An area where tectonic plates move sideways past each other. |  | 12 |
| 5786749578 | Fault | A fracture in rock caused by a movement of Earth's crust. |  | 13 |
| 5786749775 | Seismic Activity | The frequency and intensity of earthquakes experienced over time. |  | 14 |
| 5786750230 | Fault Zone | A large expense of rock where a fault has occurred. |  | 15 |
| 5786775437 | Earthquake | The sudden movement of the earth's crust caused by the sudden release of energy along a geologic fault. |  | 16 |
| 5786775438 | Epicenter | The exact point directly above the location where rock ruptures during an earthquake. |  | 17 |
| 5786775924 | Richter Scale | Measures the largest ground movement during an earthquake. |  | 18 |
| 5786785528 | Rock Cycle | Involves the constant formation, alteration, and destruction of rock material that results from tectonic, weathering, and erosion. |  | 19 |
| 5786788479 | Physical Weathering | The mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals. |  | 20 |
| 5786789399 | Chemical Weathering | The breakdown of rocks by chemical reactions. |  | 21 |
| 5786791134 | Erosion | The physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape. |  | 22 |
| 5786794022 | Parent material | The rock material from which the inorganic components of a soil are derived. |  | 23 |
| 5786796008 | Soil Degradation | The loss of some or all of soil's ability to support plant growth. |  | 24 |
| 5786797454 | Soil Horizon | The horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as texture and color. |  | 25 |
| 5786822596 | Cation Exchange capacity | The chemical property of the soil that tells the ability of a soil to absorb and release cations. |  | 26 |
| 5786823267 | Base Saturation | The proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage. |  | 27 |
| 5786825608 | Crustal abundance | The average concentration of an element in Earth's crust. | 28 | |
| 5786826412 | Ore | A concentrated accumulation of minerals from which economically valuable materials can be extracted. |  | 29 |
| 5786827333 | Reserve | The known quantity of a resource that can be economically recovered. | 30 | |
| 5786828483 | Strip Mining | The removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore. |  | 31 |
| 5786829621 | Open pit mining | Uses a large visible pit or hole in the ground |  | 32 |
| 5786830297 | Mountain top removal | The entire top of a mountain is removed with explosives. |  | 33 |
| 5786831089 | Placer Mining | Looking for minerals, metals, and precious stones in river sediments. |  | 34 |
| 5786832854 | Subsurface mining | Mining technique used when the desired resource is more than 100 m (328 feet) below the surface of earth. |  | 35 |
| 5786835771 | Mining Law of 1872 | aka General Mining Act. Regulates mining of silver, copper, gold ores as well as fuels on federal lands. It also allowed individuals to recover ores from federal lands. |  | 36 |
| 5786841840 | The Surface Ming Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 | Mandates that land be minimally disturbed during the mining process and reclaimed after the mining is completed. | 37 |
