Terms : Hide Images
| 5956553362 | Ivan Pavlov | a Russian psychologist that developed classical conditioning theory of learning; conducted famous salivating dogs experiment to research classical conditioning | 0 | |
| 5956553363 | classical conditioning | a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events | 1 | |
| 5956553364 | unconditioned response (US) | in classical conditioning, the unlearned, naturally occurring response to the unconditioned stimulus (US), such as salivation when food is in the mouth | 2 | |
| 5956553365 | unconditioned stimulus (US) | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically- triggers a response | 3 | |
| 5956553366 | neutral stimulus (NS) | in classical conditioning, a stimulus that does not trigger a response | 4 | |
| 5956553367 | conditioned response (CR) | in classical conditioning, the learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus | 5 | |
| 5956553368 | conditioned stimulus (CS) | in classical conditioning, an originally irrelevant stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned reponse (CR) | 6 | |
| 5956553369 | acquisition | in classical conditioning, the initial stage, when one links a neutral stimulus (NS) and an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) so that the neutral stimulus (NS) begins triggering the conditioned response (CR) | 7 | |
| 5956553370 | higher-order conditioning | a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone (a.k.a. second-order conditioning) | 8 | |
| 5956553371 | second-order conditioning | a procedure in which the conditioned stimulus in one conditioning experience is paired with a new neutral stimulus, creating a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. For example, an animal that has learned that a tone predicts food might then learn that a light predicts the tone and begin responding to the light alone (a.k.a. higher-order conditioning) | 9 | |
| 5956553372 | extinction | the diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS) | 10 | |
| 5956553373 | reconditioning | in classical conditioning, refers to the repairing of the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) after extinction has taken place. During reconditioning, an organism learns more quickly than it did the first time that the conditioned stimulus (CS) predicts the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | 11 | |
| 5956553374 | spontaneous recovery | after a rest period, the reappearance of a previously extinct conditioned response (CR) when the conditioned stimulus (CS) is presented If the conditioned stimulus (CS) persists alone, the conditioned response becomes extinct again | 12 | |
| 5956553375 | stimulus generalization | in classical conditioning, occurs when an organism displays a conditioned response (CR) to a stimulus that is similar but not identical to the conditioned stimulus (CS) | 13 | |
| 5956553376 | stimulus discrimination | the leaned ability to distinguish between a conditioned (CS) stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus (UCS) | 14 | |
| 5956553377 | Robert Rescorla | an early behaviorist that believed that learned behaviors of various animals could be reduced to mindless mechanics | 15 | |
| 5956553378 | predictability | consistent repetition of a state, course of action, behavior, or the like, making it possible to know in advance what to expect | 16 | |
| 5956553379 | expectancy | results that occur when a researcher or observer subtly communicates to participants the kind of behavior he or she expects to find, thereby creating that expected reaction. | 17 | |
| 5956553380 | biological predispositions | when a subject (human, animal, plant) possesses some internal quality that gives them an increased likelihood of having a condition | 18 | |
| 5956553381 | John Garcia | an American psychologist mainly known for his research in taste aversion learning | 19 | |
| 5956553382 | taste aversion (learning) | A biological constraint on learning in which an organism learns in one trial to avoid a food whose ingestion is followed by illness | 20 | |
| 5956553383 | John Watson | an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism; conducted an experiment with a little boy named Little Albert which dealt with classical conditioning | 21 | |
| 5956553384 | "Little Albert" | The "Little Albert" experiment was a famous psychology experiment conducted by behaviorist John B. Watson and graduate student Rosalie Raynor. They classically conditioned Little Albert to fear white rats. This study showed that emotional behaviors can be conditioned | 22 | |
| 5956553385 | respondent behavior | behavior that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus | 23 | |
| 5956562550 | Operant Conditioning | Conditioning in which an increase or decrease in the probability that a behavior will recur is affected by the delivery of reinforcement or punishment as a consequence of the behavior; | 24 |
