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| 4815862285 | Organic Chemistry | The study of all compounds that contain carbon atoms. | 0 | |
| 4816129686 | Properties Of Organic Molecules Depends On: | 1. Arrangement of carbon skeleton 2. Chemical (Functional) groups attached to the molecule | 1 | |
| 4815865000 | Carbon | Has 4 valence electrons, the most versatile of all elements, two inner and 4 outer electrons. | 2 | |
| 4815944167 | Hydrocarbons | Long chains of H and C | 3 | |
| 4815953090 | Isomers | Compounds with the same number of atoms of the same elements but have different structures. | 4 | |
| 4815957685 | Structural Isomers | They are made of the same number of atoms of the same elements but are arranged differently. i.e: pentane | 5 | |
| 4815959982 | Cis-Trans Isomers | The ends of the molecule(s) are flipped. Cis-isomers are unflipped, trans-isomers are flipped. | 6 | |
| 4815961150 | Enantiomers | They are mirror images of each other. i.e: methamphetamine | 7 | |
| 4815970916 | What is larger, monomers or polymers? | Polymers | 8 | |
| 4815971925 | What are the 4 types of macromolecules? | Carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, proteins | 9 | |
| 4815981021 | Dehydration Synthesis | Water is formed and released when a monomer abandons its H and OH and becomes linked to a larger polymer. |  | 10 |
| 4815989770 | Hydrolysis | Water is used to separate a monomer from a polymer. i.e: Occurs in digestion |  | 11 |
| 4815991996 | What elements are present in carbohydrates? | C, H, and O with a usual ratio of 1:2:1 | 12 | |
| 4815993128 | Carbohydrates purposes and functions: | They are the main energy source of energy in living things, get energy from the breakdown of sugars, and is used for structural purposes in plant/animal cells. |  | 13 |
| 4815994149 | What are carbohydrates' monomers? | Sugar, single molecule = monosaccharide | 14 | |
| 4815995612 | What are carbohydrates' polymers? | Polysaccharides | 15 | |
| 4815996454 | What are the functional groups of carbohydrates? | Carbonyls and hydroxyls | 16 | |
| 4815998217 | Carbonyl | Carbon double bonded to oxygen |  | 17 |
| 4816008267 | Hydroxyls | Hydroxides acting as the functional groups of carbohydrates. |  | 18 |
| 4815997226 | Ketose | Carbonyls within a carbon chain |  | 19 |
| 4815999007 | Aldose | Carbonyls at the end of a carbon chain |  | 20 |
| 4816010605 | Alpha-Glucose | Cis-isomer glucoses | 21 | |
| 4816011677 | Beta-Glucose | Trans-isomer glucoses | 22 | |
| 4816034016 | Glycosidic Linkages | Covalent bonds between two monosaccharides via dehydration synthesis. | 23 | |
| 4816035330 | Key characteristics of starch | They store energy for plants, they are stored in plastids, and can be hydrolyzed to form glucose used for cellular respiration. | 24 | |
| 4816036222 | Key characteristics of glycogen | They store energy for animals, they are stored in the liver and muscle cells, and can be hydrolyzed to form glucose for cellular respiration. | 25 | |
| 4816038276 | Key characteristics of cellulose | They make up cell walls and use all beta-glucose molecules | 26 | |
| 4816039799 | What elements are present in lipids? | C and H | 27 | |
| 4816041707 | What are the functions of lipids? | To store energy and act as waterproof coverings. i.e: cell membranes | 28 | |
| 4816044265 | What are the building blocks of lipids? | Glycerol and fatty acids | 29 | |
| 4816045308 | Are lipids polar or nonpolar? Hydrophilic or hydrophobic? | Nonpolar and hyrophobic | 30 | |
| 4816051234 | What are two unique things about saturated lipids? | They have the maximum number of H-bonded to the C of the molecule and therefore has no double bonds. They are generally solid at room temperature. i.e: butter | 31 | |
| 4816052468 | What are two unique things about unsaturated lipids? | They have at least one double bond of carbon and are generally liquid at room temperature. i.e: peanut oil, canola oil, vegetable oil, etc. | 32 | |
| 4816059525 | What are the characteristics of phospholipids? | They make up cell membranes, have both polar and nonpolar regions, and the polar (hydrophilic) regions can interact with water |  | 33 |
| 4816062562 | What are the characteristics of steroids? | They are lipids that have 4 fused rings attached to a carbon skeleton, are nonpolar (hydrophobic) and are insoluble in water. | 34 | |
| 4816064270 | What elements are present in nucleic acids? | C,H,O,P, and N | 35 | |
| 4816104181 | What is the function of nucleic acids? | To store and transmit genetic information | 36 | |
| 4816104891 | What are the monomers of nucleic acids? | Nucleotides. i.e: Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine and Adenine and Uracil in RNA | 37 | |
| 4816107178 | What are the polymers of nucleic acids? | DNA or RNA | 38 | |
| 4816108458 | What makes up a nucleotide? | Phosphate group, a nitrogen base, and a 5-carbon sugar | 39 | |
| 4816110306 | What elements are present in proteins? | C,H,O, and N and have four organizational groups | 40 | |
| 4816111156 | What are the functions of proteins? | To control reaction rates, some form bones and muscles, to transport substances, and to make hormones | 41 | |
| 4816114749 | What are the monomers of proteins? | Amino Acids | 42 | |
| 4816115489 | What are the polymers of proteins? | Polypeptides | 43 | |
| 4816116694 | What is the primary structure of a protein? | The specific amino acid sequence |  | 44 |
| 4816117715 | What is the secondary structure of a protein? | The making of an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet depending on where the hydrogen bonding between the peptide backbones are. |  | 45 |
| 4816118707 | What is the tertiary structure of a protein? | The final 3D shape, results from various bonding between the R-Groups, R-Groups form H-Bonds, disulfide bridges, and ionic bonds. |  | 46 |
| 4816121372 | What is the quaternary structure of a protein? | The final shape either fibrous or globular. It results in the clustering of multiple peptide chains |  | 47 |
| 4816123115 | What is denaturing? | When the bonds of a protein break because conditions are not ideal, this changes its shape and affects its ability to function properly. |  | 48 |
