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| 8818966489 | genetics | The field of biology devoted to understanding how characteristics are transmitted from parents to offspring. |  | 0 |
| 8818966490 | heredity | The transmission of characteristics from parents to offspring. |  | 1 |
| 8818966491 | trait | A genetically determined variant of a characteristic, such as yellow flower color. |  | 2 |
| 8818966492 | pollination | Occurs when pollen grains produced in the anthers, are transferred to the female reproductive part of a flower, called the stigma. |  | 3 |
| 8818966493 | self-pollination | Occurs when pollen is transferred from the anthers of a flower to the stigma of either that flower or another flower on the SAME plant. |  | 4 |
| 8818966494 | cross-pollination | Pollination that occurs between flowers of two plants. |  | 5 |
| 8818966495 | true-breeding | Pure for a trait that always produces offspring with that trait when they self-pollinate. |  | 6 |
| 8818966496 | P generation | The true breeding parent generation in Mendel's experiment. |  | 7 |
| 8818966497 | F1 generation | First filial generation; the offspring of the P generation by cross-pollination in Mendel's experiment. |  | 8 |
| 8818966498 | F2 generation | Second filial generation; the offspring of the F1 generation by self-pollination in Mendel's experiment. |  | 9 |
| 8818966499 | dominant | Masks the factor for another trait in a pair of traits; represented by capital letters |  | 10 |
| 8818966500 | recessive | The trait that sometimes has no observable effect on an organism's appearance (represented by lowercase letters) |  | 11 |
| 8818966501 | law of segregation | States that a pair of factors is segregated, or separated, during the formation of gametes. |  | 12 |
| 8818966502 | law of independent assortment | States that factors separate independently of one another during the formation of gametes. |  | 13 |
| 8818966503 | molecular genetics | The study of the structure and function of chromosomes and genes. |  | 14 |
| 8818966504 | allele | Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene. |  | 15 |
| 8818966505 | genotype | An organism's genetic makeup (the alleles or letters) |  | 16 |
| 8818966506 | phenotype | an organism's genetic makeup; the alleles or letters (e.g. BB, Bb, and bb) |  | 17 |
| 8818966507 | homozygous | When both alleles of a pair are alike (e.g. BB and bb) |  | 18 |
| 8818966508 | heterozygous | When the two alleles in a pair are different (e.g. Bb) |  | 19 |
| 8818966509 | probability | The likelihood that a specific event will occur. |  | 20 |
| 8818966510 | monohybrid cross | a cross in which only one characteristic is tracked (e.g. only look at eye color); the Punnet square is 2 x 2 |  | 21 |
| 8818966511 | Punnett square | diagram used to aid biologists in predicting the probable distribution of inherited traits in the offspring; the parent alleles go on the outside and offspring inside |  | 22 |
| 8818966512 | genotypic ratio | The ratio of the genotypes that appear in offspring. |  | 23 |
| 8818966513 | phenotypic ratio | The ratio of the offspring's phenotypes. |  | 24 |
| 8818966514 | testcross | A cross in which an individual of unknown genotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual. |  | 25 |
| 8818966515 | complete dominance | A relationship in which one allele is completely dominant over the other. |  | 26 |
| 8818966516 | incomplete dominance | neither allele is completely dominant over the other (e.g. when a red and white flower make a pink flower) |  | 27 |
| 8818966517 | codominance | When both alleles for a gene are expressed in heterozygous offspring. |  | 28 |
| 8818966518 | dihybrid cross | A cross in which two characteristics are tracked (e.g. eye color and hair color); the Punnet square is 4 by 4 |  | 29 |
| 8818966519 | Mendel | A monk who studied heredity in garden peas. He used statistics to discover dominant and recessive traits, the law of segregation, and the law of independent assortment. |  | 30 |
