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| 6590183762 | cellular respiration | ∙the process of extracting energy from those carbohydrates, provide free energy ∙occurs in the *mitochondria* |  | 0 |
| 6590183763 | phosphorylation | -energy + P + ADP →ATP -Examples: substrate level & oxidative | 1 | |
| 6590183764 | substrate level phosphorylation | ∙a phosphate group *and* its associated energy are *transferred* to ADP to form ATP. ∙substrate molecule donates a high energy phosphate group Example: glycolysis (initial breakdown process of glucose) |  | 2 |
| 6590183765 | oxidative phosphorylation definition | ∙combination of ETC and chemiosmosis that are the main energy production of ATP in Cellular Respiration | 3 | |
| 6590183766 | ETC diagram |  | 4 | |
| 6590183767 | aerobic respiration | When oxygen is available, cells generate ATP using this method 1) glycolysis 2) Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) 3) oxidative phosphorylation | 5 | |
| 6590183768 | anaerobic respiration | ∙When oxygen is *NOT* available, cells will generate ATP using this method 1) alcohol fermentation 2) lactic acid fermentation |  | 6 |
| 6590183769 | catabolism of molecules | Macromolecules are broken down to release energy. Proteins-Lipids-Carbohydrates |  | 7 |
| 6590183770 | glycolysis | the decomposition (lysis) of *glucose* (glyco) to *pyruvate* (or *pyruvate acid*) 1 glucose → 2 pyruvate, 2 NADH, and 2 net ATP molecules |  | 8 |
| 6590183771 | NADH | a *coenzyme* that is an electron carrier when NAD⁺ combines with 2 energy rich e⁻ and H⁺ | 9 | |
| 6590183772 | Krebs Cycle/CAC Citric Acid | ∙details what happens to pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis -Occurs 2x since there are 2 pyruvate molecules formed by glycolysis -Produced (after 2 cycles): 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂, 2 ATP, 4 CO₂ |  | 10 |
| 6590183773 | oxidative phosphorylation | ∙process of producing ATP from NADH & FADH₂. that pass along the electron transport chain | | 11 |
| 6590183774 | electron transport chain def+pic | ∙consists of proteins that pass the electrons from NADH and FADH₂ from one carrier protein (i.e. *cytochromes*) to the next ∙Final e⁻ acceptor is *oxygen* |  | 12 |
| 6590183775 | cytochrome C | ∙a carrier protein which is so common among living organisms that its amino acid sequence is compared among species to assess genetic relatedness | 13 | |
| 6590183776 | mitochondria | ∙cellular respiration takes place ∙inner membrane ∙matrix |  | 14 |
| 6590183777 | inner membrane | ∙double phospholipid bilayer, has convolutions called *cristae* ∙oxidative phosphorylation occurs here ∙ETC removes e⁻ from NADH & FADH₂ and transports H⁺ ions from the patrix to intermediate space |  | 15 |
| 6590183778 | matrix | ∙fluid material that fills the area inside the inner membrane. ∙Krebs cycle and conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA occur here | 16 | |
| 6590183779 | ATP synthase | ∙a channel protein in the inner membrane, allows protons in the intermembrane compartment to flow back into the matrix to generate ATP |  | 17 |
| 6590183780 | chemiosmosis | ATP generation that occurs when energy is stored in the form of a *proton concentrating gradient* across a membrane using ATP synthase |  | 18 |
| 6590183781 | 30-32 | How many ATP molecules does cellular respiration produced? Write as __ -__ | 19 | |
| 6590183782 | alcohol fermentation | ∙pyruvate to acetaldehyde to ethanol ∙occurs in: plans, fungi (yeast), and bacteria |  | 20 |
| 6590183783 | anaerobic respiration objective | ∙replenish NAD⁺ so that glycolysis can proceed once again because in the absence of O₂, all the NAD⁺ is bottled up in NADH because oxidative phosphorylation cannot accept the e⁻ of NADH without oxygen. | 21 | |
| 6590183784 | lactic acid fermentation | ∙A pyruvate is converted to lactate (or lactic acid); in the process, NADH gives up its e⁻ to from NAD⁺ |  | 22 |
