Terms : Hide Images
| 9297011563 | Gene | A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific protein or group of proteins; determines our traits |  | 0 |
| 9297011564 | Protein | An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal structural and functional component of all cells |  | 1 |
| 9297011565 | Amino Acid | The building blocks of proteins |  | 2 |
| 9297011566 | Nucleotide | A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. |  | 3 |
| 9297011567 | Nitrogenous Base | Part of a nucleotide; examples include cytosine, guanine, adenine, thymine (DNA only) and uracil (RNA only) |  | 4 |
| 9297011568 | Ribosome | Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized. |  | 5 |
| 9297011569 | DNA | A nucleic acid found in the nucleus of all living cells, which carries the organism's hereditary information in the form of genes. |  | 6 |
| 9297011570 | RNA | A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); single-stranded. |  | 7 |
| 9297011571 | Messenger RNA | RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the cytoplasm of the cell. |  | 8 |
| 9297011572 | Ribosomal RNA | Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes. | | 9 |
| 9297011573 | Transfer RNA | Type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis. |  | 10 |
| 9297011574 | Transcription | Process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA by RNA polymerase. |  | 11 |
| 9297011575 | Translation | Process whereby genetic information coded in messenger RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm. |  | 12 |
| 9297011577 | RNA Polymerase | Enzyme that links together the growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template |  | 13 |
| 9297011578 | Codon | A three-nucleotide sequence on mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid, start, or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code. |  | 14 |
| 9297011579 | Methionine | Amino acid coded for by the codon AUG; also used as a start signal for translation. |  | 15 |
| 9297011580 | Start Codon | On mRNA, the specific three-nucleotide sequence (AUG) to which an initiator tRNA molecule binds, starting translation of genetic information into a protein. |  | 16 |
| 9297011581 | Stop Codon | Codon that signals to ribosomes to stop translation. |  | 17 |
| 9297011582 | Anticodon | A triplet of nucleotide bases in transfer RNA that identifies the amino acid carried and binds to a complementary codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis at a ribosome. |  | 18 |
| 9297017809 | Promoter | Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription |  | 19 |
| 9297020264 | Template Strand | The strand of DNA that the RNA polymerase uses as a guide to build complementary mRNA |  | 20 |
| 9297021938 | Transcription Initiation Complex | The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase bound to a promoter. |  | 21 |
| 9297027406 | Transcription Factor | Proteins that mediate the binding of RNA polymerase to a promoter and the initiation of transcription |  | 22 |
| 9297034630 | 5' Cap | Modified guanine nucleotide added to the 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule. | 23 | |
| 9297040998 | Poly(A) Tail | String of adenine nucleotides added to the 3' end of a eukaryotic mRNA after transcription. |  | 24 |
| 9297044210 | Exonuclease | An enzyme that cleaves nucleotides from either the 3' or the 5' ends of DNA or RNA | | 25 |
| 9297046876 | RNA Splicing | The removal of noncoding portions (introns) of the RNA molecule after initial synthesis. |  | 26 |
| 9297048787 | Intron | Sequence of a eukaryotic gene's DNA that is not translated into a protein; removed during RNA processing |  | 27 |
| 9297051969 | Exon | Sequence of a gene's DNA that are transcribed into protein structures |  | 28 |
