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AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION TERMS Flashcards

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7046898300Ad HominemLatin for "against the man." When a writer personally attacked his or her opponents instead of their arguments.0
7046899395Allegorya story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning.1
7046967797AlliterationRepetition of initial consonant sounds.2
7046967798AssonanceRepetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity.3
7046967799ConsonanceThe repetition of consonant sounds in a sentence or line of poetry.4
7046967800AllegoryA story or visual image with a second distinct meaning partially hidden behind its literal or visible meaning.5
7046967801AllusionAn indirect, or expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly.6
7046967802AnachronismAnything out of its proper time.7
7046967803AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.8
7046967804AntithesisA person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.9
7046967805AnaphoraThe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.10
7046967806Aristotelian triangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience.11
7046967807EpistropheA rhetorical figure by which the same word or phrase is repeated at the end of successive sentences.12
7046967808AntiheroA central character in a story, movie, or drama who lacks conventional heroic attributes in romances and epics.13
7046967809AphorismA concise statement of a truth or principle.14
7046967810ApologyIn the literary sense, a justification or defense of the writer's opinion or conduct, not usually implying any admission of blame.15
7046967811ApostropheAddress to an absent or imaginary person.16
7046967812Archetypea very typical example of a certain person or thing or recurrent symbol or motif in literature, art, or mythology.17
7046967813AsyndetonThe omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.18
7046967814ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.19
7046967815Comic ReliefIn a tragedy, a break in the seriousness for a moment of comedy or silliness.20
7046967816ConceitA fanciful, particularly clever extended metaphor.21
7046967817ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgment or yielding.22
7046967818DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word.23
7046967819DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words.24
7046967820DidacticInstructive.25
7046967821EnthymemeLogical reasoning with one premise left unstated.26
7046967822EuphemismAn indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant.27
7047396005FallacyA false or mistaken idea.28
7047396006HyperboleExtreme exaggeration.29
7047396007ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste).30
7047396008InferenceA conclusion one can draw from the presented details.31
7047396009Verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant.32
7047396010Situational ironyAn outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected.33
7047396011Dramatic ironyThe audience knows something the characters do not.34
7047396012LitotesA form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite.35
7047396013LogicThe system of principles of reasoning used to reach valid conclusions or make inferences.36
7047396014Loose sentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.37
7047396015MetaphorA comparison without using like or as.38
7047396016MetonymySubstituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it.39
7047396017MoodFeeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader.40
7047396018MotifA recurring theme, subject or idea.41
7047396019OnomatopoeiaA word that imitates the sound it represents.42
7047396020ParallelismThe similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.43
7047396021ParadoxA contradiction or dilemma.44
7047396022PedanticTending to show off one's learning.45
7047396023Periodic sentenceSentence whose main clause is withheld until the end.46
7047396024PersonificationThe giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.47
7047396025PolysyndetonA rhetorical device for the repeated use of conjunctions to link a succession of words, clauses, or sentences.48
7047396026RhetoricThe art of using language effectively and persuasively.49
7047396027Rhetorical modesexposition - To explain and analyze information. description - To recreate, invent, or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described. narration - To tell a story. argumentation - To prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convinced is the reader.50
7047396028Rhetorical questionA question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.51
7047396029SatireUsing humor to expose something or someone to ridicule.52
7047396030SimileA comparison using "like" or "as".53
7047396031Style1. The evaluation of the choices an author makes. 2. The classification of authors to a group and comparison of an author to similar authors. * By doing so we are able to see how an author style reflects and helps to define historical period.54
7047423597SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning with a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. * usually in this form : all x are y, z is x, so therefore, z is y55
7047423598SymbolSomething that stands for something else.56
7047423599SynecdocheA figure of speech in which a part is substituted for the whole. example - Referring to a car as "wheels."57
7047423600SyntaxSentence structure.58
7047423601ThemeCentral idea of a work of literature.59
7047423602ToneAttitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character.60
7047423603EthosRefers to the trustworthiness of the writer. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer refers to differing views. * appeal from credibility61
7047423604PathosAppealing to emotion. * to appeal to the audience's sympathies and imagination. * Identify with the writer's view62
7047423605LogosAppeal to logic. * refers to the internal consistency of the message, the clarity of the claim, the logic of its reasons, and the effectiveness of it supporting evidence.63

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