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AP Human Geography Agriculture Flashcards

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9195110001AgribusinessSystem of food production involving everything from the development of the seeds to the marketing and sale of food products at the market.0
9195110002Cash CropsPlanting large amounts of profitable crops for mass production and sell.1
9195110003Commercial AgricultureAgriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.2
9195110004Double CroppingPlanting and harvesting a crop on a field more than once a year.3
9195110005GMOsFoods that have been altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as being disease resistant, increased productivity, or nutrient value4
9195110006Intensive Subsistence FarmingA form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land.5
9195110007MonocultureDependence on a single agricultural commodity.6
9195110008MechanizationIn agriculture, the replacement of human labor with technology or machines.7
9195110009Primary EconomyAny economic activity pertaining to the collecting, harvesting, and obtaining of raw materials.8
9195110010Plantation AgricultureRaising a large amount of a 'cash crop' for local sale or export.9
9195110011TranshumanceMovement of animal herd to cooler highland areas in the summer to warmer lowland areas in the winter.10
9195110012Von Thunen ModelTheory that a commercial farmer wull decide which crops to grow and which livestock to raise depending on the proximity to market.11
9195110013Green RevolutionFully realized in the 1970s-80s, this resulted in new strains of hybrid seeds and fertilizers that dramatically increased the crop output possible from each farm.12
9195110017NomadismDry Areas Same climate as livestock ranching(commercial farms in MDCs) Marginalized land13
9195110018Mixed livestock and grainRaise domesticated animals and growing feed14
9195110019Commercial Grain FarmingWheat belt Bread-basket US Corn belt15
9195110020Mediterranean AgricultureAn agricultural system practiced in the Mediterranean-style climates of Western Europe, California, and portions of Chile and Australia, in which diverse specialty crops such as grapes, avocados,16
9195110021Double croppingHarvesting twice in one year Employ crop rotation17
9195110022Truck FarmsFarm where farmers produce fruits for the market Use mechanization to produce large quantities of fruits and veggies18
9195110023Agrarianrelating to land; relating to the management or farming of land19
9195110024Agricultural IndustrializationThe use of machinery in agriculture, like tractors etc. - makes it easier for farmers to have higher crop yields.20
9195110025Agricultural LandscapeThe land that we farm on and what we choose to put were on our fields.21
9195110026Agricultural Location ModelAn attempt to explain the pattern of agricultural land use in terms of accessibility, costs, distance, and prices.22
9195110027BiotechnologyA form of technology that uses living organisms, usually genes, to modify products, to make or modify plants and animals, or to develop other microorganisms for specific purposes.23
9195110028Cultivation RegionsRegions were there is agricultural activity. Know these specifically! (ie. Southwestern US is cattle ranching, Mediterranean is crop trees).24
9195110029Dairy Farmsspecialized in dairy products, N. America, Europe, NOT Africa, South America, Asia25
9195110030DesertificationDegradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting.26
9195110031Extensive Commercial AgricultureA crop or livestock system in which land quality or extent is more important than capital or labor inputs in determining output27
9195110032Feedlota plot of land on which livestock are fattened for market28
9195110033Food DesertAn area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain29
9195110034Food ManufacturingThe processes that are used to convert raw materials into finished food products30
9195110035Growing SeasonThe season in which crops grow best. Growing season can vary by location, societies rely on their growing season to which crops they can or can't grow at their latitude.31
9195110036Hunting and Gatheringthe killing of wild animals and fish as well as the gathering of fruits, roots, nuts, and other plants for sustenance32
9195110037Intensive Commercial AgricultureIntensive farming in a commercial economy, crops have high yields and market value33
9195110038Livestock Ranchingan extensive commercial agricultural activity that involves the raising of livestock over vast geographic spaces typically located in semi-arid climates like the American West34
9195110039Long-Lot Survey SystemA distinct regional approach to land surveying whereby land is divided into narrow parcels stretching back from rivers, roads, or canals35
9195110040Luxury CropsNon-subsistence crops such as tea, cacao, coffee, and tobacco36
9195110042PastoralismA type of agricultural activity based on nomadic animal husbandry or the raising of livestock to provide food, clothing, and shelter.37
9195110043Organic AgricultureApproach to farming and ranching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs.38
9195110044PesticidesChemicals used on plants that do not harm the plants, but kill pests and have negative repercussions on other species who ingest the chemicals.39
9195110045Planned Economya system of production of goods and services, usually consumed or distributed by a governmental agency, in quantities, at prices, and in locations determined by governmental program40
9195110046Plant Domesticationgenetic modification of a plant such that its reproductive success depends on human intervention41
9195110047Primogenitureright of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son right of inheritance belongs exclusively to the eldest son42
9195110050Rectangular Survey SystemA system used to divide public domain lands in the United States in which land is divided into 6-mile square townships and subdivided into sections, portions of sections, or irregular lots.43
9195110051Root Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the roots of or the cuttings from the plants44
9195110055Seed Cropscrop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants. crop that is reproduced by cultivating the seeds of the plants.45
9195110056SpecializationThe concentration of the productive efforts of individuals and firms on a limited number of activities46
9195110057Slash and Burn Agriculturea farming technique in which trees are cut down and burned to clear and fertilize the land47
9195110059Township and Range SystemA rectangular land division scheme designed by Thomas Jefferson to disperse settlers evenly across farmlands of the U.S. interior.48
9195110061Soil Erosionthe wearing away and removal of rock and soil particles from exposed surfaces by agents such as moving water, wind, or ice49
9195184669Paddyword for wet rice, increasingly used to describe a flooded field50
9195198204Food securityaccess at all times to safe and nutritious food51
9195205593Horticulturethe growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers52

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