Terms : Hide Images
| 6610628744 | incumbents | people who already hold office; usually win in congressional elections | 0 | |
| 6610628745 | casework | congressional mediator between the people and the government | 1 | |
| 6610628746 | pork barrel | Money used that is considered wasteful - use earmarks | 2 | |
| 6610628747 | bicameral legislature | divided into two houses.US Congress & American State legislature except Nebraska's bicameral | 3 | |
| 6610628748 | House Rules Committee | reviews all bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full House | 4 | |
| 6610628749 | filibuster | strategy in the Senate where an individual extends debate, allowing a lone member to delay or entirely prevent a vote | 5 | |
| 6610628750 | Speaker of the House | chief among leadership positions in the House of Reps. | 6 | |
| 6610628751 | majority leader | the most powerful member of the Senate; influences committee assignments, schedules debates | 7 | |
| 6610628752 | whips | Party leaders who work with the majority or minority leaders to count votes beforehand | 8 | |
| 6610628753 | minority leader | principal leaders of the minority party in the House of Rep. or in the State | 9 | |
| 6610628754 | standing committees | subject-matter committees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas | 10 | |
| 6610628755 | joint committees | used to refer to a committee made up of members of both chambers of a bicameral legislature | 11 | |
| 6610628756 | conference committees | formed when the senate and the house pass different versions of the same bill | 12 | |
| 6610628757 | select committees | committees appointed for a specific purpose such as investigations | 13 | |
| 6610628758 | legislative oversight | Congress' monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy | 14 | |
| 6610628759 | committees chairs | most important influencers of the congressional agenda | 15 | |
| 6610628760 | seniority system | member who had served the longest and party who controlled Congress became committee chair | 16 | |
| 6610628761 | caucus | meeting of supporters or members of a political party or movement, | 17 | |
| 6610628762 | bill | a proposed law, drafted in legal language | 18 | |
| 6610628763 | Twenty-second Amendment | The 22nd amendment limits the president to only two 4 year terms in office. | 19 | |
| 6610628764 | impeachment | the political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law | 20 | |
| 6610628765 | Watergate | Leading to the eventual regignation of President Nixon under the threat of impeachment | 21 | |
| 6610628766 | Twenty-fifth Amendment | permits the vice president to become acting president if the cabinet determines that the president is disabled | 22 | |
| 6610628767 | cabinet | president's official advisors; heads of the executive department | 23 | |
| 6610628768 | National Security Council (NSC) | an office created in 1947 to coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisors | 24 | |
| 6610628769 | Council of Economic Advisors (CEA) | an agency within the Executive Office of the President that advises the President of the United States on economic policy | 25 | |
| 6610628770 | Office of Management and Budget (OMB) | performs managerial and budgetary functions | 26 | |
| 6610628771 | veto | Constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to Congress with reasons for rejecting it | 27 | |
| 6610628772 | pocket veto | the president lets a bill die by neither signing nor vetoing it after 10 days | 28 | |
| 6610628773 | presidential coattails | when voters select congressmen from the President's party because they like the president | 29 | |
| 6610628774 | War Powers Resolution | law passed in 1973 the requires presidents to consult with congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless congress declares war or authorizes an extension | 30 | |
| 6610628775 | legislative veto | ability of congress to override a presidential decision | 31 | |
| 6610628776 | patronage | one of the key rewards used by political machines | 32 | |
| 6610628777 | Pendleton Civil Service Act | created a federal civil service so hiring & promotion would be based on merit instead of patronage | 33 | |
| 6610628778 | civil service | a system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and desire to create a nonpartisan gov service | 34 | |
| 6610628779 | merit principle | using exams to hire government workers; all workers should be qualified | 35 | |
| 6610628780 | Hatch Act | federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partison politics | 36 | |
| 6610628781 | Office of Personnel Management | office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate ruless in the process | 37 | |
| 6610628782 | bureaucracy | a hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, behaves with impersonality | 38 | |
| 6610628783 | independent regulatory agency | responsible for some sector of the economy; enforcing rules and judging disputes | 39 | |
| 6610628784 | independent executive agencies | government not accounted for by cabinet departments independent regulatory agencies and governemnt coporations | 40 | |
| 6610628785 | policy implementation | policymaking stage - between establishment and consequences | 41 | |
| 6610628786 | administrative discretion | the authority of administrative actors to select among various responses to a given problem | 42 | |
| 6610628787 | regulation | the use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector | 43 | |
| 6610628788 | deregulation | Lifting of restrictions on business industry and professional activities for which government rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer | 44 | |
| 6610628789 | incentive system | a more effective & efficient policy than command & control | 45 | |
| 6610628790 | executive orders | regulations originating from the executive branch presidents can use to control bureaucracy | 46 | |
| 6610628791 | iron triangles | relationship between a bureaucracy, an interest group, and a congressional committee | 47 | |
| 6610628792 | class action suits | lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated | 48 | |
| 6610628793 | amicus curiae briefs | Legal argument in support of one of the litigants | 49 | |
| 6610628794 | original jurisdiction | the jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, determine facts about a case | 50 | |
| 6610628795 | appellate jurisdiction | courts that may hear cases brought to them through appeals from lower courts | 51 | |
| 6610628796 | district courts | 91 federal courts of original jurisdiction | 52 | |
| 6610628797 | courts of appeal | appellate courts empowered to review all final decisions of district courts, except in rare cases | 53 | |
| 6610628798 | Supreme Court | the pinnacle fo teh American judicial system | 54 | |
| 6610628799 | senatorial courtesy | unwritten tradition whereby nominations for state-level federal judicial posts are not confirmed | 55 | |
| 6610628800 | solicitor general | in charge of the appellate court litigation of the federal government | 56 | |
| 6610628801 | opinion | the reasoing behind a judicial decision | 57 | |
| 6610628802 | stare decisis | "let the decision stand" | 58 | |
| 6610628803 | precedent | how similar cases have been decided in the past | 59 | |
| 6610628804 | original intent | a view that the Contitution should be interpreted according to the original intent of the framers | 60 | |
| 6610628805 | judicial implementation | how & whether court decisions are translated into actual policy | 61 | |
| 6610628806 | Marbury v. Madison | right of the SC to determine US Constitution, established judicial review | 62 | |
| 6610628807 | judicial review | power of the courts to decide whether acts of Congress are constitutional | 63 | |
| 6610628808 | US v. Nixon | 1974 case where the S.C. unanimously held that the doctine of executive privilege was implicit in the Constitution but could not be extended to protect documents relevant to criminal prosecutions | 64 | |
| 6610628809 | judicial restraint | a judicial philosophy in which judges play minimal policymaking roles, leaving that strictly to the legislatures | 65 | |
| 6610628810 | judicial activism | judicial philosophy - judges make bold policy policy decisions | 66 |
