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APWH Religions Flashcards

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6953425174animismThe belief in the existence of individual spirits that inhabit natural objects and phenomena0
6953425175Monotheismthe belief in one God or diety1
6953425176AbrahamFounder of Judaism and the practice of monotheism2
6953425177ZoroastrianismReligion created by Zoroaster, focuses on the eternal battle between two forces, one good and one evil3
6953425178ZoroasterThe teacher that inspired the religion of Zoroastrianism4
6953425179VedicSouth Asian religion including a variety of deities and a heavy emphasis on rituals5
6953425180TheocracyGovernment structure ruled by religious authority6
6953425181Polytheismbelief in many gods or deities7
6953425182ZigguratsLarge stepped pyramids of the Sumerians for religious purpose8
6953425183JudaismFounded by Abraham, believe in one God and the prophet Moses, follow the Ten Commandments9
6953425184JewsFollowers of Judaism10
6953425185Jewish DiasporaThe spreading of Jews throughout the Middle East and the Mediterranean11
6953425186Ten CommandmentsTen Religious Laws of God12
6953425187Religious ToleranceThe practice of conquering land yet allowing religions to remain and continue their practice13
6953425188RaEgyptian god of the Sun14
6953425189OsirusEgyptian god of life and death and husband of Isis15
6953425190IsisEgyptian god of nature and wife of Osirus16
6953425191MummificiationBurial process commonly practiced in Egypt involving the removal of internal organs, drying the body with salts, and packing its insides and wrapping it with chemically treated cloth17
6953425192PharaohEgyptian ruler who was believed to be descendants of the gods18
6953425193Theocratsrulers holding both religious and political power19
6953425194Pyramids of EgyptsGiant tombs for pharaohs where their body and prized items were preserved for their afterlife20
6953425195The VedasAryan collection of religious hymns, poems, and songs21
6953425196Upanishadsa collection of religious thought that illuminated several new religious concepts: brahma, dharma, karma, and moksha22
6953425197Brahmathe universal soul that connects all creatures on earth23
6953425198Dharmarighteous duties and deeds that determine one's karma24
6953425199Karmathe force that determines one's place in the future25
6953425200Mokshaeternal piece and unity with Brahma, the soul's ultimate goal26
6953425201HinduismIndian polytheistic religion based upon the upanishads27
6953425202Ancestral VenerationChinese practice of giving offerings to their ancestors to win their favor due to the belief they could speaks to the gods28
6953425203Oracle BonesChinese practice of sticking heated pins into animal bones with questions and the interpretation of how the bones cracked was the answer29
6953425204Mandate of HeavenZhou Dynasty concept of a ruler's power being justified by the gods30
6953425205Syncretismcombing of two religions, cultures, and ideologies31
6953425206Roman Pantheon Of GodsRoman Gods such as Jupiter, Minerva, Vesta, and Neptune32
6953425207ChristianityMonotheistic religion that believes in God and his son Jesus Christ, who is the founder of the religion33
6953425208Jesus ChristFounder of Christianity and the Son of God34
6953425209PeterOne of Jesus' disciples who was very important to the spread of Christianity35
6953425210PaulA Jew who converted to Christianity and spread the religion through the Mediterranean36
6953425211Monasteriesbuildings or collections of buildings dedicated to the people who devote their lives to the practice of a religion37
6953425212ConstantineRoman emperor who made Christianity legal in the Roman empire38
6953425213MartyrdomA willingness to die rather than give up one's beliefs39
6953425214GospelsChristian documents describing the life of Jesus Christ according to Matthew, John, Luke, and John40
6953425215Caste Systemsocial hierarchy connected to Hinduism. there are four main castes Brahmins: Priestly and educated class Kshatriyas: Warrior and ruling class Vaishyas: Merchant and Artisan class Shudras: Peasant and serf class41
6953425216JainismReligion believing every living thing had a godly soul, strict vegetarianism, and practiced nonviolence42
6953425217BuddhismReligion founded by Siddhartha Gautama founded on the four noble truths and the eight fold path43
6953425218NirvanaFinal destination of the enlightened in Buddhism44
6953425219ConfucianismFounded by K'ung Fu-tzu, believes in the concept of filial piety and the five key relationships45
6953425220DaoismFounded by Laozi and the followers seek to renounce worldly ambitions and society to seek harmony with nature46
6953425221Mahavir JainFounder of Jainism47
6953425222Siddhartha GautamaFounder of Buddhism48
6953425223K'ung Fu-tzuFounder of Buddhism49
6953425224LaoziFounder of Daoism50
6953425225Hagia SophiaLarge domed Christian church of the Byzantine Empire51
6953425226JustinianByzantine Emperor who oversaw the creation of the Hagia Sophia52
6953425227MissionariesPeople sent abroad to spread a religion and ideology53
6953425228Christian SchismSplit of the Christian church in 1054 between the Roman Catholics and the Eastern Orthodox54
6953425229CyrilMost famous and successful Christian missionary who also created his own alphabet55
6953425230PatriarchEmperor appointed head of church56
6953425231PolygynyPractice of a man having more than one wife57
6953425232MuhammedFounder of Islam58
6953425233IslamMonotheistic religion that believes in God and the teachings of Muhammed59
6953425234MeccaHoly city of Islam60
6953425235Five Pillars of FaithCore beliefs of Islam including praying five times a day, almsgiving, holy pilgrimage, believing in one God, and fasting for Ramadan61
6953425236JihadPrinciple of Islam which is the struggle or strive in the way of Allah and to improve one's self or society62
6953425237ShariahMuslim code of law63
6953425238CaliphIslamic head of state64
6953425239Dar Al-IslamHouse of Islam65
6953425240SultanA ruler of a Muslim country, especially of the former Ottoman Empire66
6953425241Proselytizing ReligionReligion actively seeking converts67
6953425242Angkor WatGiant Buddhist Temple in Southeast Asia68
6953425243Ka'abaGiant shrine of Islam69
6953425244PopeSupreme Christian bishop of Rome70
6953425245BishopChristian leaders who owed allegiance to the Pope71
6953425246PriestLocal Christian leaders under a bishop72
6953425247House of LordsEnglish parliament house of nobles and Church hierarchy73
6953425248ReconquistaChristian reconquest of Spain from the Muslims74
6953425249CrusadesChristians sent to reclaim the Holy Land75
6953425250Knights TemplarChristian religious order combining the functions of knights and monks76
6953425251HuitzilopochtliAztec god of the sun and war77
6953425252TlalocAztec rain god78
6953425253QuetzalcoatlAztec god of wind and knowledge79
6953425254Xipe TotecAztec god of of agriculture and fertility80
6953425255Human Sacrificepractice of killing people as offerings to the gods81
6953425256IntiInca sun god82
6953425257Royal Ancestral VenerationBelief of dead rulers being mummified and continued to rule as they had in life and were thought to retain ownership of their servants, possessions, and property83
6953425258LutheranismDenomination of Christianity founded by Martin Luther84
6953425259Martin LutherFounder of the Lutheran Church85
6953425260AngelicanismChurch of Henry VIII that was made to annul his marriages and was free of the Pope's control86
6953425261JesuitsThe Society of Jesus, religious order in 1540 that undertook missionary activity87
6953425262Thirty Years WarReligious war between Catholics and Protestants from 1618-164888
695342526395 ThesesMartin Luther's charges to the church89
6953425264Virgin of GuadalupeMexican deity revered for her ability to perform miracles90
6953425265VodunHaitian syncretic religion combining Christianity and West African traditions91
6953425266Holy SynodPeter the Great's religious power composed of clergymen overseen by a secular office who answered to the czar92
6953425267Ottoman EmpireIslamic empire in the Middle East from the 1300s to 191893
6953425268DevshirmeIslamic tax of taking Christian boys, forcing them to convert to Islam and serving the empire94
6953425269JizyaMuslim tax for non-muslims in Islamic territory95
6953425270Deismbelief that God created the world and then sat back to observe its movements according to natural laws that could be discovered by scientific inquiry96
6953425271Zionismthe desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors lived in the Middle East97
6953425272Janissariesa highly organized elite military unit of the Ottoman empire98
6953425273ShintoismA religion native to Japan, characterized by veneration of nature spirits and ancestors and by a lack of formal dogma99

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