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| 9928983172 | Declaration of Independence | A document modeled after the political philosophies of John Locke. It altered the natural rights identified by John Locke to include "life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." | 0 | |
| 9928983173 | self-strengthening movement | a late 19th century movement in which the Chinese modernized their army and encouraged western investment in factories and railways | 1 | |
| 9928983174 | romanticism | a literary and artistic movement in 19th century Europe; emphasized emotion over reason | 2 | |
| 9928983175 | Queu | a long ponytail that Chinese men were forced to wear in order to distinguish them from Manchus | 3 | |
| 9928983176 | Domestic System | a manufacturing method in which the stages of the manufacturing process are carried out in private homes rather than a factory setting | 4 | |
| 9928983177 | Maoris | a member of a Polynesian group that settled in New Zealand about 800 C.E. | 5 | |
| 9928983178 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen | A statement of political rights adopted by the French National Assembly during the French Revolution | 6 | |
| 9928983179 | Declaration of the Rights of Women and of the Female | A statement of the rights of women written by Olympe de Gouges in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man. | 7 | |
| 9928983180 | Communism | An economic system in which the state controls the means of production. | 8 | |
| 9928983181 | Liberalism | an Enlightenment philosophy that favored civil rights, the protection of private property, and representative government | 9 | |
| 9928983182 | Guano | bird droppings used as fertilizer; a major trade item of Peru in the late 19th century | 10 | |
| 9928983183 | Suez Canal | canal constructed by Egypt across the Isthmus of Suez in 1869 | 11 | |
| 9928983184 | Code Napoleon (Napoleonic Code) | collection of laws that standardized French law under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte | 12 | |
| 9928983185 | Spanish-American War | conflict between the United States and Spain that began the rise of the United States as a world power | 13 | |
| 9928983186 | Economic Imperialism | control of a country's economy by the business of another nation | 14 | |
| 9928983187 | Revolutions of 1848 | democratic and nationalistic revolutions, most of them unsuccessful, that swept through Europe | 15 | |
| 9928983188 | spheres of influence | divisions of a country in which a particular foreign nation enjoys economic privileges | 16 | |
| 9928983189 | Jacobins | extreme radicals during the French Revolution | 17 | |
| 9928983190 | theory of relativity | idea that argued that time and space are relative to one another | 18 | |
| 9928983191 | theory of natural selection | idea, first proposed by Charles Darwin, that species survive due to favorable characteristics | 19 | |
| 9928983192 | Bourgeoisie | in France, the class of merchant and artisans who were members of the Third Estate and initiators of the French Revolution; in Marxist theory, a term referring to factory owners | 20 | |
| 9928983193 | Proletarian | in Marxist theory, the class of workers in an industrial society | 21 | |
| 9928983194 | conservatism | in 19th century Europe, a movement that supported monarchies, aristocracies, and state-established churches | 22 | |
| 9928983195 | factors of production | they are land, labor, capital, and entrepreneurship, which existed in Britain which allowed it to lead in the Industrial Revolution | 23 | |
| 9928983196 | Zaibatsu | large industrial organization created in Japan during the industrialization of the late 19th century | 24 | |
| 9928983197 | conscription | military draft | 25 | |
| 9928983198 | Tanzimet Reforms | 19th century reforms by Ottoman rulers designed to make government and military more efficient | 26 | |
| 9928983199 | Monroe Doctrine | policy issued by the United States in which it declared that the Western Hemisphere was off limits to colonization by other powers | 27 | |
| 9928983200 | Indian National Congress | political party that became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement | 28 | |
| 9928983201 | Congress of Vienna | restored legitimate monarchs to the thrones of Europe and to create a balance of power | 29 | |
| 9928983202 | Boxer Rebellion | revolt against foreign residents of China | 30 | |
| 9928983203 | Sepoy Rebellion | revolt of Indian soldiers against the British; caused by a military practice in violation of the Muslim and Hindu faiths (1857) | 31 | |
| 9928983204 | natural rights | rights that belong to every person and that no government may take away | 32 | |
| 9928983205 | Great Trek | slaveholding Boers who, in 1834, left the Cape Colony and moved to the interior of Africa | 33 | |
| 9928983206 | Young Turks | society founded in 1889 in the Ottoman Empire; its goal was to restore the constitution of 1876 and to reform the empire | 34 | |
| 9928983207 | Boers | South Africans of Dutch descent | 35 | |
| 9928983208 | Sepoys | South Asian soldiers who served in the British army in India | 36 | |
| 9928983209 | Revolutions of 1905 | strikes by urban workers and peasants in Russia; prompted by shortages of food and by Russia's loss to Japan in 1905. | 37 | |
| 9928983210 | Entrepreneurship | the ability to combine the factors of land, labor, and capital to create factory production. | 38 | |
| 9928983211 | social Darwinism | the application of Darwin's philosophy of natural selection to human society | 39 | |
| 9928983212 | Separation of Powers | the division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government | 40 | |
| 9928983213 | estates | the divisions of society in pre-revolutionary France | 41 | |
| 9928983214 | imperialism | the establishment of colonial empires | 42 | |
| 9928983215 | enclosure movement | the fencing of pasture land in England beginning prior to the Industrial Revolution | 43 | |
| 9928983216 | Bill of Rights | the first ten amendments to the constitution of the United States | 44 | |
| 9928983217 | Qing Dynasty | the Manchurian invaders who ruled China from 1644 to the early 1900s | 45 | |
| 9928983218 | Berlin Conference | the meeting of European imperialist powers to divide Africa among them | 46 | |
| 9928983219 | capital | the money and equipment needed to engage in industrialization | 47 | |
| 9928983220 | feminism | the movement to achieve women's rights | 48 | |
| 9928983221 | Reign of Terror | the period of the most extreme violence during the French Revolution | 49 | |
| 9928983222 | Manifest Destiny | the policy in the U.S. that led to its expansion from the Atlantic to the Pacific | 50 | |
| 9928983223 | Meiji Restoration | the restoration of the Meiji emperor in Japan in 1868 that began a program of industrialization and centralization of Japan following the end of the Tokogawa Shogunate | 51 | |
| 9928983224 | extraterritoriality | the right of foreigners to live under the laws of their home country rather than those of the host country | 52 | |
| 9928983225 | duma | the Russian parliament | 53 | |
| 9928983226 | Raj | the Sanskrit name for the British government in India | 54 | |
| 9928983227 | Gran Columbia | The temporary union of the northern portion of south America after the independence movements led by Simon Bolivar | 55 | |
| 9928983228 | estates-general | the traditional legislative body of France | 56 | |
| 9928983229 | Industrial Revolution | the transition between the domestic system of manufacturing and the mechanization of production in a factory setting | 57 | |
| 9928983230 | Treaty of Nanking | treaty ending the Opium War that ceded Hong Kong to the British (1842) | 58 | |
| 9928983231 | Pogrom | violence against Jews in tsarist Russia | 59 | |
| 9928983232 | Opium War | war between Great Britain and China began with the Qing dynasty's refusal to allow continued opium importation into China; British victory resulted in the Treaty of Nanking (1839-1842) | 60 | |
| 9928983233 | Sino-Japanese War | war between Japan and China, in 1895, over control of Korea | 61 | |
| 9928983234 | Russo-Japanese War | War between Russia and Japan over Manchurian territory, resulted in the defeat of Russia by the Japanese Navy | 62 | |
| 9928983235 | Boer War | War between the British and the Dutch over Dutch independence in South Africa; resulted in British victory (1899-1902) | 63 | |
| 9928983236 | Radicalism | Western European political philosophy during the 19th century; advocated democracy and reforms favoring lower classes | 64 | |
| 9928983237 | May fourth movement | a 1919 protest in China against the Treaty of Versailles and foreign influence | 65 | |
| 9928983238 | Tehran conference | a 1943 meeting of leaders of the United States, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union; it agreed on the opening of a second front in France | 66 | |
| 9928983239 | Potsdam conference | a 1945 meeting of the leaders of Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union in which it was agreed that the Soviet Union would be given control of eastern Europe and that Germany would be divided into zones of occupation | 67 | |
| 9928983240 | Geneva Conference | a 1954 conference that divided Vietnam at the seventh parallel | 68 | |
| 9928983241 | Helsinki accords | a 1975 political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by Western European countries and the Soviet Union | 69 | |
| 9928983242 | cultural revolution | a Chinese movement from 1966 to 1976 intended to establish an egalitarian society of peasants and workers. | 70 | |
| 9928983243 | European Economic Community | A Common Market organized in 1958 which reduced tariffs among member nations and created a common tariff policy for other world nations | 71 | |
| 9928983244 | Spanish civil war | a conflict from 1936-1939 that resulted in the installation of fascist dictator Francisco Franco as ruler of Spain; Franco's forces were backed by Germany and Italy, whereas the Soviet Union supported the opposing republican forces | 72 | |
| 9928983245 | Kabuki theater | a form of Japanese theater developed in the 17th century that features colorful scenery and costumes and an exaggerated style of acting | 73 | |
| 9928983246 | Coalition | a government based on temporary alliances of several political parties | 74 | |
| 9928983247 | Yalta conference | a meeting of the leaders of the Soviet Union, Great Britain, and the United States in 1945; the Soviet Union agreed to enter the war against Japan in exchange for influence in the Eastern European states. The Yalta Conference also made plans for the establishment of a new international organization. | 75 | |
| 9928983248 | Iron curtain | a metaphorical description of the divide between the Communist East and Democratic Western Europe | 76 | |
| 9928983249 | Welfare state | a nation in which the government plays an active role in providing services such as social security to its citizens | 77 | |
| 9928983250 | British commonwealth | A political community consisting of the United Kingdom, its dependencies, and former colonies of Great Britain that are now sovereign nations; currently called the Commonwelath of Nations | 78 | |
| 9928983251 | Fascism | a political movement that is characterized by extreme nationalism, one-party rule, and the denial of individual rights | 79 | |
| 9928983252 | Alliance for progress | a program of economic aid for Latin America in exchange for pledge to establish democratic institutions; part of U.S. President Kennedy's international program | 80 | |
| 9928983253 | Pan-Slavic movement | A Russian attempt to unite all Slavic nations into a commonwealth relationship under the influence of Russia. | 81 | |
| 9928983254 | Cubism | a school of art in which persons and objects are represented by geometric forms. | 82 | |
| 9928983255 | Al-Qaeda | a terrorist group based in Afghanistan in the late 20th and early 21st centuries | 83 | |
| 9928983256 | Ayatollah | a traditional Muslim religious ruler | 84 | |
| 9928983257 | Russification | a tsarist program that required non-Russians to speak only Russian and provided education only for those groups loyal to Russia | 85 | |
| 9928983258 | Mandate | a type of colony in which the government is overseen by another nation, as in the Middle Eastern mandates placed under European control after WWI | 86 | |
| 9928983259 | Marshall plan | a U.S. plan to support the recovery and reconstruction of Western Europe after WWII | 87 | |
| 9928983260 | international space station | a vehicle sponsored by 16 nations that circles the earth while carrying out experiments | 88 | |
| 9928983261 | Berlin wall | a wall, built by the East German Communist government, to separate the Democratic Western Berlin | 89 | |
| 9928983262 | world bank | an agency of the United Nations that offers loans to countries to promote trade and economic development | 90 | |
| 9928983263 | import substitution industrialization | an economic system that attempts to strengthen a country's industrial power by restricting foreign imports | 91 | |
| 9928983264 | World Trad Organization | an international organization begun in 1995 to promote and organize world trade | 92 | |
| 9928983265 | International Monetary fund | an international organization founded in 1944 to promote market economies and free trade | 93 | |
| 9928983266 | European Union | an organization designed to reduce trade barriers and promote economic unity in Europe; it was formed in 1993 to replace the European Community. | 94 | |
| 9928983267 | North American Free Trade Organization | an organization that prohibits tariffs and other trade barriers between Mexico, the United States, and Canada (NAFTA) | 95 | |
| 9928983268 | Guomindang | China's Nationalist political party founded by Sun Yat-sen in 1912 and based on democratic principles; in 1925, the party was taken over by Jiang Jieshi, who made it into a more authoritarian party. | 96 | |
| 9928983269 | containment | Cold War policy of the United States whose purpose was to prevent the spread of communism | 97 | |
| 9928983270 | government of India Act | the British law passed in 1935 which increased suffrage and turned provincial governments over to Indian leaders | 98 | |
| 9928983271 | central powers | in WWI, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, the Ottoman Empire, and other nations who fought with them against the Allies | 99 | |
| 9928983272 | Allied powers | in WWI, the nations of Great Britain, France, Russia, the United States, and others that fought against the Central Powers; in WWII, the group of nations including Great Britain, France, the Soviet Union, and the United States, that fought against the Axis Powers | 100 | |
| 9928983273 | League of nations | international organization founded after WWI to promote peace and cooperation among nations | 101 | |
| 9928983274 | service industries | occupations that provided a service rather than a manufactured or agricultural product | 102 | |
| 9928983275 | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | Organization formed in 1950 by oil-producing countries to regulate oil supplies and prices (OPEC) | 103 | |
| 9928983276 | evangelical | pertaining to preaching the Gospel (the good news) or pertaining to theologically conservative Christians. | 104 | |
| 9928983277 | five year plans | plans for industrial production first introduced in the Soviet Union in 1928 by Stalin; they succeeded in making the Soviet Union a major industrial power by the end of the 1930s | 105 | |
| 9928983278 | Appeasement | policy of Great Britain and France of making concessions in Hitler in the 1930s | 106 | |
| 9928983279 | Kulaks | Russian peasants who became wealthy under Lenin's New Economic Policy | 107 | |
| 9928983280 | Afrikaners | South Africans who were descended from the Dutch who settled in south Africa in the 17th century | 108 | |
| 9928983281 | Hubble space telescope | Telescope able to peer deep into space | 109 | |
| 9928983282 | Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | the 1918 treaty ending WWI between Germany and the Soviet Union | 110 | |
| 9928983283 | Treaty of Versailles | the 1919 peace treaty between Germany and the Allied nations; it blamed the war on Germany and assessed heavy reparations and large territorial losses on the part of Germany | 111 | |
| 9928983284 | Glasnost | the 1985 policy of Mikhail Gorbachev that allowed openness of expression of ideas in the Soviet Union | 112 | |
| 9928983285 | Persian gulf war | the 1991 war between Iraq and a U.S. led coalition to liberate Kuwait from an Iraqi invasion | 113 | |
| 9928983286 | Deoxyribonucleic acid | the blueprint of heredity | 114 | |
| 9928983287 | No theater | the classical Japanese drama with music and dances performed on a simple stage by elaborately dressed actors | 115 | |
| 9928983288 | Brinkmanship | the Cold War policy of the Soviet Union and the United States of threatening to go to war at a sign of aggression on the part of either power | 116 | |
| 9928983289 | Collectivization | the combination of several small farms into a large government controlled farm | 117 | |
| 9928983290 | Great leap forward | the diasastrous economic policy introduced by Mao Zedong that proposed the implementation of small scale industrial projects on individual peasant communities | 118 | |
| 9928983291 | Sputnik | the first man-made satellite, launched by the Soviet Union | 119 | |
| 9928983292 | Anschluss | the German annexation of Austria prior to WWII | 120 | |
| 9928983293 | United Nations | the international organization founded in 1945 to establish peace and cooperation among nations | 121 | |
| 9928983294 | Holocaust | the Nazi program during WWII that killed 6 million Jews and other groups considered undesirable | 122 | |
| 9928983295 | Reparations | the payment of war debts by the losing side | 123 | |
| 9928983296 | Great depression | the severe worldwide economic downturn that began in the late 1920s and continued into the 1930s throughout many regions of the world | 124 | |
| 9928983297 | Apartheid | the South African policy of separation of the races | 125 | |
| 9928983298 | McDonaldization | the spread of American culture and values around the world | 126 | |
| 9928983299 | Euro | the standard currency introduced and adopted by the majority of members of the European Union in January 2002 | 127 | |
| 9928983300 | Genocide | the systematic killing of an entire ethnic group | 128 | |
| 9928983301 | Cold war | the tense diplomatic relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II | 129 | |
| 9928983302 | Mass consumerism | trade in products designed to appeal to a global market | 130 | |
| 9928983303 | National Organization For Women | U.S. organization founded in 1969 to campaign for women's rights | 131 | |
| 9928983304 | New Deal | U.S. President Roosevelt's program to relieve the economic problems of the Great Depression; it increased government involvement in the society of the United States | 132 | |
| 9928983305 | Cartels | Unions of independent businesses in order to regulate production, prices, and the marketing of goods | 133 | |
| 9928983306 | Korean Conflict | Wars between Communist North Korea, aided by China, and Capitalist South Korea, aided by the United States | 134 | |
| 9928983307 | Cuban missile crisis | When in 1962, the Soviets constructed nuclear missiles in Cuba which brought days of tense confrontation between Khrushchev and the U.S. President Kennedy. Khrushchev ultimately backed down, and the missiles were removed. | 135 |
