The Post-Classical World, 500-1450
Original from MrsBHatchTEACHER
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| 11320918391 | Bedouin | nomadic pastoralists of the Arabian peninsula with a culture based on herding camels and goats | 0 | |
| 11320918392 | Mecca | Arabian commercial center; dominated by the Quraysh; the home of Muhammad and the future center of Islam | 1 | |
| 11320918393 | Medina | town northeast of Mecca; asked Muhammad to resolve its intergroup differences; Muhammad's flight to Medina, the hijra, in 622 began the Muslim calendar | 2 | |
| 11320918394 | Umayyad | First dynasty of the Arab-Islamic Caliphate | 3 | |
| 11320918395 | Muhammad | (570-632); Founding prophet of Islam, originally an Arabian merchant | 4 | |
| 11320918396 | Qur'an | the word of god as revealed through Muhammad; made into the holy book of Islam | 5 | |
| 11320918398 | Five Pillars | the obligatory religious duties for all Muslims; confession of faith, prayer, fasting during Ramadan, zakat, and hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 6 | |
| 11320918399 | Caliph | the successor to Muhammad as head of the Islamic community | 7 | |
| 11320918400 | Ali | cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad; one of the orthodox caliphs; focus for the development of shi'ism | 8 | |
| 11320918401 | Abu Bakr | succeeded Muhammad as the first caliph | 9 | |
| 11320918402 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 10 | |
| 11320918403 | Sunnis | followers of the majority interpretation within Islam; included the Umayyads | 11 | |
| 11320918404 | Shi'a | followers of Ali's interpretation of Islam | 12 | |
| 11320918406 | Abbasids | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad | 13 | |
| 11320918407 | Hadiths | "traditions" of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an, form the essential writings of Islam | 14 | |
| 11320918408 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia; staunch Sunnis; ruled from the 11th c. in the name of the Abbasids | 15 | |
| 11320918409 | Crusades | invasions of western Christians into Muslim lands, especially Palestine; captured Jerusalem and established Christian kingdoms enduring until 1291 | 16 | |
| 11320918410 | Ulama | Islamic religious scholars; pressed for a more conservative and restrictive theology; opposed to non-Islamic thinking | 17 | |
| 11320918411 | Sufis | Islamic mystics; spread Islam to many Afro-Asian regions | 18 | |
| 11320918412 | Mongols | central Asian nomadic peoples; Established huge empire connecting East and Central/Southwest Asia | 19 | |
| 11320918413 | Chinggis Khan | (1162-1227); Mongol ruler; defeated the Turkish Persian kingdoms | 20 | |
| 11320918414 | Mamluks | Rulers of Egypt; descended from Turkish slaves | 21 | |
| 11320918415 | Arabic numerals | Indian numerical notation brought by the Arabs to the West | 22 | |
| 11320918417 | Malacca | flourishing trading city in Malaya; established a trading empire after the fall of Shrivijaya | 23 | |
| 11320918418 | Mali | West African state engaged in Trans-Saharan trade | 24 | |
| 11320918419 | Mansa Musa | title of the ruler of Mali | 25 | |
| 11320918420 | Ibn Battuta | Arab traveler throughout the Muslim world | 26 | |
| 11320918423 | East African trading ports | urbanized commercial centers mixing African and Arab cultures; included Mogadishu, Mombasa, Malindi, Kilwas, Pate, and Zanzibar: Monsoon trade | 27 | |
| 11320918424 | Great Zimbabwe | with massive stone buildings and walls, incorporates the greatest early buildings in sub-Saharan Africa | 28 | |
| 11320918425 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals that ignited when exposed to water; used to drive back the Arab fleets attacking Constantinople | 29 | |
| 11320918426 | Icons | images of religious figures venerated by Byzantine Christians | 30 | |
| 11320918427 | Iconoclasm | the breaking of images; religious controversy of the 8th c; Byzantine emperor attempted, but failed, to suppress icon veneration | 31 | |
| 11320918430 | Kiev | commercial city in Ukraine established by Scandinavians in 9th c; became the center for a kingdom that flourished until 12th c | 32 | |
| 11320918431 | Russian Orthodoxy | Russian form of Christianity brought from Byzantine Empire | 33 | |
| 11320918433 | Middle Ages | the period in western European history between the fall of Roman Empire and the 15th c | 34 | |
| 11320918434 | Gothic | an architectural style developed during the 13th and 14th c in western Europe; featured pointed arches and flying buttresses as external support on main walls | 35 | |
| 11320918435 | Vikings | seagoing Scandinavian raiders who disrupted coastal areas of Europe from the 8th to 11th c; pushed across the Atlantic to Iceland, Greenland, and North America; formed permanent territories in Normandy and Sicily | 36 | |
| 11320918436 | Manorialism | rural system of reciprocal relations between landlords and their peasant laborers during the Middle Ages; peasants exchanged labor for use of land and protection | 37 | |
| 11320918437 | Serfs | Peasant workers, unfree but not chattel slaves. Owed labor to land owners, could expect land and justice | 38 | |
| 11320918438 | Three-field system | practice of dividing land into thirds, rotating between two different crops and pasturage-- an improvement making use of manure | 39 | |
| 11320918439 | Clovis | King of the Franks; converted to Catholic Christianity circa 496 | 40 | |
| 11320918440 | Carolingians | royal house of Franks from 8th c to 10th c | 41 | |
| 11320918441 | Charlemagne | Carolingian monarch who established large empire in France and Germany circa 800 | 42 | |
| 11320918442 | Holy Roman Emperors | political heirs to Charlemagne's empire in northern Italy and Germany; claimed title of emperor but failed to develop centralized monarchy | 43 | |
| 11320918443 | Feudalism | Theoretical political system of medieval Europe in which power devolves from center to lnadowning nobles | 44 | |
| 11320918444 | Parliaments | bodies representing privileged groups; institutionalized the principle that kings ruled with the advice and consent of their subjects | 45 | |
| 11320918445 | Hundred Years War | conflict between England and France over territory (1337-1453) Established a since of Nationalism with each country. Joan of Arc united the French and promoted French patriotism. | 46 | |
| 11320918447 | Thomas Aquinas | creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at University of Paris; author of Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and nature of God | 47 | |
| 11320918448 | Scholasticism | dominant medieval philosophical approach; so-called because of its base in the schools or universities; based on use of logic to resolve theological problems | 48 | |
| 11320918449 | Hanseatic League | an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance | 49 | |
| 11320918450 | Guilds | associations of workers in the same occupation in a single city; stressed security and mutual control; limited membership, regulated apprenticeships, guaranteed good workmanship; held a privileged place in cities | 50 | |
| 11320918451 | Black Death | bubonic plague that struck Europe in the 14th c; significantly reduced Europe's population; affected social structure; decimated populations in Asia | 51 | |
| 11320918453 | Mahayana (Pure Land) Buddhism | emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among the masses in East Asia | 52 | |
| 11320918457 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, stern-post rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 53 | |
| 11320918477 | Muhammad's primary historical achievement | spread of Islam | 54 | |
| 11320918478 | Silk Road Trade system | System of multiple land trade routes connecting East Asia to Mediterranean, and South and Central Asia |  | 55 |
| 11320918480 | Important continuity in social structure of states and empires 600-1450 | land holding aristocracies, patriarchies, peasant systems still in place | 56 | |
| 11320918482 | Diasporic communities | merchant communities that introduced their own cultures into other areas | 57 | |
| 11320918483 | Trans Saharan trade | Trade routes connecting North and West Africa. Gold and Salt, aiding spread of Islam to West Asia |  | 58 |
| 11320918484 | Effect of Muslim conquests | collapse of other empires, mass conversion | 59 | |
| 11320918486 | Indian Ocean Maritime Trade | Maritime trade routes connecting India to East African and SW Asia. Aided spread of Indian technology and ideas and spread of Islam to India |  | 60 |
| 11320918487 | Cities that rose during this time due to increased trade | Novgorod, Constantinople, Timbuktu | 61 | |
| 11320918488 | Timbuktu | trade center of Mali, cosmopolitan city that saw the blending of many different cultures and people | 62 | |
| 11320918490 | Bantu Migrations | Spread of Bantu speaking peoples from West to East and South Africa. Iron use, cattle herding |  | 63 |
| 11321110376 | Polynesian Migrations | Movement of peoples in the Pacific which populated many islands; spread knowledge of agriculture, chickens | 64 | |
| 11321126880 | Justinian and Theodora | Ruler of Byzantine Empire (527-565) and his wife, known for Golden Age achievements in Constantinople and the expansion of the empire. Also, took the role of church and political leader. | 65 | |
| 11321131443 | Great Schism of 1054 | The separation between the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church | 66 | |
| 11321137932 | Battle of Tours | (732 CE) European victory over Muslims. It halted Muslim movement into Western Europe. | 67 | |
| 11321165107 | Serf | A person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord | 68 | |
| 11321174335 | Propaganda | information that is spread for the purpose of promoting some cause | 69 | |
| 11321197604 | Outcome of the Crusades | increased trade in Europe and the development of towns. | 70 | |
| 11321223586 | cultural diffusion | The spread of ideas, customs, and technologies from one people to another | 71 | |
| 11321223587 | cultural syncretism | When an aspect of two or more distinct cultures blend together to create a new custom, idea, practice, or philosophy. | 72 |
