AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP World History Chapter 15: Cultural Transformations Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
12457035066Where did Christianity diffuse to?Asia, Africa, and the Americas0
12457063576What divisive issue struck European Christendom in 1517?95 Theses1
12457069747What did Martin Luther do?He publicly invited debate about Roman Catholic abuses by nailing the 95 Theses to the door of Wittenberg Castle Church2
12457642077What was the 95 Theses about?It criticized the luxuries and3
12457659266What are indulgences?It was money in exchange for less time in purgatory; remove sin4
12457684952What was Luther's preferred dress for Christians?A simple cloak5
12457696026Who is the religious authority of the Catholic church?The Pope and church hierarchy6
12458757029Who is the religious authority of the Protestant church?The Bible that is interpreted by individuals7
12458767166What is the role of the Pope in the Catholic church?He is the ultimate authority in faith and doctrine8
12458774118What is the role of the Pope in the Protestant church?He is denied authority of the pope9
12458787858What is the ordination of clergy in the Catholic church?It was an apostolic succession10
12458804040What is the ordination of the clergy in the Protestant church?It was ordination by individual congregations or denominations denying the apostolic succession11
12458841318How do you fine salvation in the Catholic church?You find it through church sacraments as channels or God's grace12
12458851828How do you find salvation in the Protestant church?You find it through faith alone because God's grace is freely and directly granted to believers13
12458866688What status does Mary have in the Catholic church?She was highly prominent ranking below Jesus and providing a constant intercession for believers14
12458879811What status does Mary have in the Protestant church?She was less prominent denying Mary's intercession on behalf of the faithful15
12458895892Who does the Catholic church pray to?They prayed to God but often through saints or Mary16
12458908123Who does the Protestant church pray to?They prayed to God alone17
12458914235What is Catholic holy communion?It is transubstantiation with bread and wine being the body and blood of Christ18
12458933541What is the Protestant holy communion?It has bread and wine having a spiritual or symbolic significance denying the transubstantiation19
12458962779What is the role of clergy in the Catholic church?They are mediators between God and humankind and generally celibate20
12458975576What is the role of clergy in the Protestant church?They are the priesthood of all believers preaching and administering sacraments and can marry21
12458995661What is the role of Saints in the Catholic church?They are prominent spiritual exemplars and intermediaries between God and humankind22
12459014394What is the role of Saints in the Protestant church?They are considered all Christians and generally disdained as a source of idolatry23
12457705146What countries or territories were Catholic?Ireland, Poland, Spain, Italy, and France24
12457719056What countries or territories were Anglican?England25
12457729968What countries or territories were Lutheran?Baltics, Northern Germany, and Scandinavia26
12457748001What countries or territories were Calvinist?Scotland and Switzerland27
12457756418What countries or territories were Bohemian?Southern Germany28
12457769179How did Luther use Johann Gutenberg's new invention-the printing press-to further the message or Protestantism?Luther used it to make pamphlets and spread the German translated version of the New Testament29
12457785895What are some other Protestant denominations?Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker, and Anabaptist30
12457808343What happened on St. Bartholomew's Day, 8/24/7300 Huguenots massacred by Catholic mobs and hundreds more died due to disease31
12459048423What did the Edict of Nantes do?It granted some religious tolerance to French Protestants with the intention they would return to the Catholic church32
12459070423What was the Thirty Years War?It was a Catholic-Protestant struggle that began in the Holy Roman Empire and engulfed most of Europe33
12459080474When did the Thirty Years War begin and end?1618-164834
12459084720What did the Peace of Westphalia do?It ended the Thirty Years War by reshuffling boundaries and proclaiming each state sovereign and in religious control of its own territory35
12459108449What was the Counter Reformation?The Protestant breakaway provoking a Catholic Reformation36
12459120715What did the Council of Trent do?They reaffirmed and claried the things Protestants rejected correcting the abuses and corruptions37
12459132653What are some examples of the things the Council of Trent corrected?The education of priests, supervision of bishops, censorhsip of books, fines, exiles, penitence, and burning heretics, independent spirituality and personal piety, and the Society of Jesus38
12459154971Who were the Jesuits OrderThey were a dedicated brotherhood of priests committed to the renewal and extension of the Catholic church39
12459176938Where was the center of the Christian world as of 1500?It was located in Europe40
12459181985Where did Christianity not diffuse to during the colonial era?Central Asia41
12459191490What did the Puritans do?They brought Protestantism to America with emphasis on education, moral purity, personal conservation, civic responsibility, and little religious tolerance42
12459211170What did the missionaries do?They spread the word of Christianity43
12459232302Who were Taki Onqoy?They were traveling dancers or teachers predicted that an alliance of Andean deities would soon overcome the Christian God and inflict the Europeans with the same diseases they had brought to the Americas and restore the world of the Andes to harmony44
12459287678Who are huacus?They are local god spirits45
12459296429What are cofradias?Church-based associations of laypeople46
12459313999Who is Matteo Ricci?A Jesuits priest that assimilated to Chinese culture to attempt to convert China to Catholicism focusing on Chinese elites47
12459347514How did Ricci and other missionaries in China use scientific breakthroughs in Europe to help get them an audience with high-ranking official at the Ming and Qing courts?48
12459357633Why did some Chinese find European monogamous marriage immoral?It was because they would have to leave their concubines49
12459372719Around how much of China converted to Christianity?30,000/3,000,000 people converted50
12459391234What were some distinctively African aspects of the syncretic forms of the Christianity practiced by the African in the AmericasDream interpretations, visions, and spirit possession51
12459410217What are some specific examples of African Christian practices?Voodoo in Haiti, Santeria in Cuba, and Candolmble and Macumba in Brazil52
12459425638How did Islam differ in Java from the more orthodox practices of the Middle East?The women were in royal courts and as buyers and sellers in markets53
12459445780How did Islam differ in Aceh, Sumatra from the more orthodox practices of the Middle East?They enforced dietary codes, almsgiving of Islamic law, and forbade women from politics54
12459462950What did Ibn Saud support?The Wahhabi movement55
12459480754What was the Wahhabi movement?It was the extreme dislike of the veneration of Sufi saints and tombs, natural sites , and Muhammad's tomb at Medina56
12459497525What did Ibn Saud do?He offended razed tombs, eliminated idol, destroyed logic books tobacco, hashish, banned musical instruments, and abolished unauthorized taxes57
12459528370What was the rest of Europe's reaction of the Wahhabist movement?It was not happy58
12459534219What did Wang Yangming do?He argued that anyone could achieve a virtuous life by introspection and contemplation without extended education, study, and constant striving for improvement of traditional Confucianism59
12459558200What is kaozheng?"Research based on evidence" that emphasized verification, precision, accuracy, and analysis60
12459575787What did Cao Xueqin do?He wrote a novel called The Dream of the Red Chamber in the mid-18th CE61
12459592636What was the Bhakti movement?It was devotional Hinduism of dance, sangs, prayers, poetry, and rituals to connect with the Divine62
12459603793Who was Mirabi?He was a beloved Bhakti poet from a high-caste family63
12459614203What religious movement did Guru Nanak found in India?Sikhism64
12459619643What was the role of the Golden Temple?It was Sikhism's central places of worship and pilgrimage to the Golden Temple of Amritsar65
12459645411What factors did Europeans develop over time which helped spur on the Scientific Revolution?66
12459649062What is natural philosophy?The study of nature and the physical universe67
12459657381What did Nicholas Copernicus do?He introduced the heliocentric idea of the sun at the center of the universe68
12459668026What did Johannes Kepler do?He established that plants follow elliptical orbits, not perfect circles69
12459678948What did Galileo do?Invented the telescope70
12459684180What did Blaise Pascal say?"Eternal silence of infinite space frightens me"71
12459698984What did Newton do to figure put what 'made it all go?'He discovered gravitational constant and the equation for it72
12459706319What did Isaac Newton do?He discovered universal gravity, discredited supernatural forces, discredited church authority as providers of truth, and thought that the same laws control the heavens and the earth73
12459745015What did Rene Decartes say?He resolved "to seek no other knowledge than that which I might find within myself, or perhaps in the book of nature"74
12459764656What was the role of the Royal Society of London?It was created to foster scientific learning75
12459771754What did Glordano Bruno do?He proclaimed an infinite universe and many worlds but burned at the stake in 160076

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!