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| 13833098217 | Medulla | -automatic function -controls heartbeat and breathing | 0 | |
| 13833119898 | Industrial-organizational psychologists | psychologists that focus on workplaces or companies to help employes, morale, productivity, and production | 1 | |
| 13833167734 | Narcolepsy | a sleep disorder characterized by sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness | 2 | |
| 13833174709 | Frequency | determines pitch | 3 | |
| 13833239727 | Fovea | the central focal point in the retina, around which the eye's cones cluster | 4 | |
| 13833319858 | Hippocampus | -formation of new memories -emotions -motivation -Ach | 5 | |
| 13833373634 | IQ | mental age/chronological age x 100 | 6 | |
| 13833380827 | Procedural memory | the gradual acquisition of skills as a result of practice, or "knowing how" to do things (ex: riding a bike) | 7 | |
| 13833430198 | Dependent variable | -The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable. -what is measured | 8 | |
| 13833447256 | independent variable | -The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied -what is tested | 9 | |
| 13833481257 | Action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon | 10 | |
| 13833511226 | Fixed interval | -fixed amount of time between reinforcement -getting a report card every 18 weeks | 11 | |
| 13833517609 | Variable interval | -varied amount of time between reinforcement -getting a pop quiz | 12 | |
| 13833528777 | Fixed ratio | -reinforcement after a fixed number of correct responses -buying 10 cups of coffee get 1 free | 13 | |
| 13833540619 | Variable ratio | -reinforcement at any time -playing slot machines | 14 | |
| 13833585694 | Conservation | -the child understands that changing the form of a substance or object does not change its amount, overall volume, or mass -Piaget development | 15 | |
| 13833595868 | Reliability | same scores on a retest | 16 | |
| 13833599399 | Validity | test measures what it should | 17 | |
| 13833632758 | Size constancy | perceive an object as being the same size regardless of whether it is close or far away | 18 | |
| 13833639231 | Terminal buttons | release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons | 19 | |
| 13833683748 | Lithium | a chemical compound that is useful in treating bipolar disorder | 20 | |
| 13833725511 | Eyes ---> brain | rods and cones ---> bipolar cells ---> ganglion cells ---> optic nerve ---> visual cortex | 21 | |
| 13833748237 | classical conditioning | a type of learning in which one learns to link two or more stimuli and anticipate events | 22 | |
| 13833760618 | Unconditioned stimulus | a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic, NOT learned | 23 | |
| 13833771040 | Unconditioned response | automatic response, a reflex | 24 | |
| 13833779381 | Conditioned stimulus | the learned stimulus | 25 | |
| 13833785790 | Conditioned response | a learned response to a previously neutral stimulus | 26 | |
| 13833817663 | Psychoanalytic theory | A theory developed by Freud that attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behavior | 27 | |
| 13833823256 | Learning/behavioral theory | -Ivan Pavlov -John B. Watson -B.F. Skinner -we learn from and rely on our experience -effects of reinforcement, punishing, and modeling | 28 | |
| 13833853218 | Cognitive theory | -Jean Piaget -we are all different from thinking to view points -how people process, store, and retrieve information -how information is used to reason and solve problems | 29 | |
| 13833887547 | Humanistic theory | -Abraham Maslow -Carl Rogers -you are choosing the choices you make -we have free choice and will -making own decisions through conscious decisions | 30 | |
| 13833916811 | Sociocultural theory | -how behavior and thinking vary across cultures and situations -influences of gender, culture, etc. -generational influence | 31 | |
| 13833933835 | Hierarchy of needs | Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs like belongingness, love, esteem, and finally self-actualization | 32 | |
| 13834101198 | Stage 1 sleep | a transition from wakefulness into sleep | 33 | |
| 13834105321 | Stage 2 sleep | appearance of brief bursts of rapid brain activity | 34 | |
| 13834112561 | Stage 3 sleep | low-frequency, high amplitude waves called delta waves | 35 | |
| 13834118735 | Stage 4 sleep | deepest stage of sleep; consists entirely of delta waves | 36 | |
| 13834134270 | REM sleep | almost complete muscle relaxation except for eye muscles and majority of dreams occur during this | 37 | |
| 13834183109 | Sensorimotor | -age 0 to 2 -world is experienced through the senses and through action | 38 | |
| 13834187785 | Preoperational | -age 2 to 6 -childhood thoughts that begin to represent objects with words but which lacks logical reasoning | 39 | |
| 13834196155 | Concrete operational | -age 7 to 11 -childhood beings to think logically and forms ability to complete simple math operations -logic is tied to things they can see -cannot hypothesize | 40 | |
| 13834215801 | Formal operational | -age 12 to adult -involves the ability to think abstractly and hypothetically | 41 | |
| 13834223616 | Preconventional | -before age 9 -decide what is right or wrong based on gaining an award and/or to avoid punishment | 42 | |
| 13834234384 | Conventional | -early adolescence -decide what is right or wrong based on what people expect of you (gain approval or avoid disapproval) or something is wrong because it's against the law | 43 | |
| 13834251603 | Postconventional | -adolescence and beyond -decide what is right based on abstract principles like "right to life" or "right to liberty" | 44 | |
| 13860843609 | Cognition | all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 45 | |
| 13860888706 | Sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system | 46 | |
| 13860891631 | Iconic memory | a form of sensory memory that holds a brief visual image of a scene that has just been perceived | 47 | |
| 13860898039 | Echoic memory | a form of sensory memory for sounds that have just been perceived | 48 | |
| 13860905847 | Short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly before the information is stored or forgotten | 49 | |
| 13860915722 | Working memory | a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory | 50 | |
| 13860926448 | Long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. | 51 | |
| 13860930234 | Explicit memory | -what we think of first -conscious memories of facts or events we actively try to remember -processed in the hippocampus | 52 | |
| 13860940060 | Implicit memory | -unintentional memories that we might not even realize we have -processed in the cerebellum -EX: muscle memory | 53 | |
| 13860957577 | Semantic memory | -general knowledge of the world, stored as facts, meanings, or categories rather than sequentially -EX: what you learn in class | 54 | |
| 13860970836 | Episodic memory | memories of specific events, stored in a sequential series of events that have meaning | 55 | |
| 13863996002 | Basilar membrane | A structure that runs the length of the cochlea in the inner ear and holds the auditory receptors, called hair cells. | 56 | |
| 13864012397 | Somatosensory cortex | area at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations | 57 | |
| 13864024519 | Big 5 Traits | openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism | 58 | |
| 13864034263 | Linear perspective | A monocular cue for perceiving depth; the more parallel lines converge, the greater their perceived distance. | 59 | |
| 13864042435 | Afterimages | images that occur when a visual sensation persists for a brief time even after the original stimulus is removed | 60 | |
| 13864056276 | Shaping | an operant conditioning procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximations of the desired behavior | 61 | |
| 13864081079 | ID | unconsciously strives to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drives, operating on the pleasure principle, demanding immediate gratification | 62 | |
| 13864086382 | Ego | the largely conscious part of personality that contains our partly conscious perceptions, thoughts, judgements, and memories | 63 | |
| 13864103028 | Superego | the voice of our moral compass that forces the ego to consider not only the real but ideal and how we ought to behave | 64 | |
| 13864124427 | Displacement | shifts sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person, as when redirecting anger toward a safer outlet | 65 | |
| 13864152302 | Dendrites | branching extensions that receive incoming messages and conduct messages towards the cell body | 66 | |
| 13864155741 | Soma | in the cell body, which contains the nucleus | 67 | |
| 13864165064 | Axon | -sends the signal -takes the messages from the soma to other neurons | 68 | |
| 13864171942 | Terminal Buttons | release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons | 69 | |
| 13864176997 | Myelin Sheath | encases the axons which allows faster transmission speeds in neurons | 70 | |
| 13864189551 | Resting Potential | refers to the neuron when it is not active | 71 | |
| 13864192819 | Threshold | minimal level of stimulation required for a neural impulse to fire | 72 | |
| 13864199711 | Synapse | the meeting point between neurons | 73 | |
| 13864212540 | Sympathetic nervous system | arouses and expands energy | 74 | |
| 13864223644 | Parasympathetic nervous system | calms the body conserving energy | 75 | |
| 13864228425 | Somatic nervous system | enables voluntary control of our skeletal muscles | 76 | |
| 13864232811 | Autonomic nervous system | controls glands and muscles of internal organs | 77 | |
| 13864239433 | Interneurons | -brain -spinal cord's internal communication | 78 | |
| 13864242682 | Sensory neurons | senses to brain | 79 | |
| 13864246838 | Motor neurons | brain to body | 80 | |
| 13864254448 | Pituitary gland | secretes many different hormones, some of which affect other glands | 81 | |
| 13864257191 | Adrenal glands | helps trigger fight or flight response | 82 | |
| 13864261933 | Pineal gland | secretes melatonin that controls our daily clock | 83 | |
| 13864275092 | EEG | records electrical activity in the brain | 84 | |
| 13864279808 | CT | examines the brain by taking x-ray photographs that can reveal brain damage | 85 | |
| 13864279809 | PET | a visual display of brain activity that shows each brain areas consumption of glucose when performing a task | 86 | |
| 13864293043 | MRI | produces computer generated images of soft tissue by using magnetic fields and radio waves; shows brain anatomy | 87 | |
| 13864300932 | fMRI | a technique for revealing blood flow and brain activity by comparing MRI scans; show brain function and structure | 88 | |
| 13864314686 | Brainstem | automatic survival functions (breathing, swallowing, heart rate, blood pressure) | 89 | |
| 13864322088 | Medulla | controls heartbeat and breathing | 90 | |
| 13864327351 | Cerebellum | -responsible for balance and coordination -helps with muscle memory | 91 | |
| 13864336885 | Pons | aids in sleep and dreaming | 92 | |
| 13864340063 | Reticular formation | plays a role in controlling consciousness and alertness | 93 | |
| 13864370221 | Thalamus | receives information from all senses except smell and sends it to the higher brain regions that deal with seeing, hearing, tasting, and touching | 94 | |
| 13864394143 | Limbic system | controls emotion and drives (sex, hunger, etc.) | 95 | |
| 13864424248 | Hippocampus | involved in the formation of new memories, emotions, and motivation | 96 | |
| 13864427263 | Hypothalamus | pleasure or reward central that controls the pituitary gland | 97 | |
| 13864439089 | Frontal lobe | -contains personality -involved with making plans and judgements | 98 | |
| 13864458412 | Motor cortex | controls voluntary movements and impulse control | 99 | |
| 13864474186 | Association areas | areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, they are involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking, and speaking | 100 | |
| 13864482388 | Aphasia | impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke's area (impairing understanding). | 101 | |
| 13864497854 | Carl Rogers | -humanistic -person-centered therapy -unconditional positive regard -fully functioning person | 102 | |
| 13864550134 | Prospective memory | remembering to do things in the future | 103 | |
| 13864553958 | false consensus effect | the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors | 104 | |
| 13864567877 | Schacter Two Factor | Stimulus -> arousal -> interpret external cues -> label emotion | 105 | |
| 13864582261 | Positive punishment | the administration of a stimulus to decrease the probability of a behavior's recurring | 106 | |
| 13864592239 | Motion parallax | provides perceptual cues about difference in distance and motion, and is associated with depth perception | 107 | |
| 13864601747 | Stimulus generalization | the tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditioned stimulus with the conditioned response | 108 | |
| 13864622144 | Cornea | transparent tissue where light enters the eye | 109 | |
| 13864625154 | Iris | muscle that expands and contracts to change the size of the opening (pupil) for light | 110 | |
| 13864627461 | Pupil | light passes through this small adjustable opening | 111 | |
| 13864632509 | Lens | focuses the light rays on the retina through accommodation | 112 | |
| 13864637707 | Retina | contains sensory receptors that process visual information and sends it to the brain | 113 | |
| 13864656988 | Operational definition | a statement of the procedures used to define research variables | 114 | |
| 13864660738 | Syntax | the rules that specify how words should be ordered in a sentence to make the sentence meaningful | 115 | |
| 13864666872 | Linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 116 | |
| 13864673875 | Flooding | a treatment for phobias in which clients are exposed repeatedly and intensively to a feared object and made to see that it is actually harmless | 117 | |
| 13864696296 | Transduction | changing physical energy into electrical signals (neural impulses) that can make their way to the brain | 118 | |
| 13864704117 | Agonist | a molecule that, by binding to a receptor site, stimulates a response | 119 | |
| 13864704118 | Mary Ainsworth | developmental psychology; compared effects of maternal separation, devised patterns of attachment | 120 | |
| 13864727791 | Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | 121 | |
| 13864730723 | Confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 122 | |
| 13864735732 | Availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | 123 | |
| 13864737583 | Prefrontal cortex | allows us to judge, reason, make decisions, plans, process new memories | 124 | |
| 13864855948 | 125 |
