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| 14101331734 | primary structure | sequence of amino acids | 0 | |
| 14101331753 | secondary structure | H-bonding interactions form alpha helix and beta sheets | 1 | |
| 14101339561 | tertiary structure | further folding of the secondary structure of proteins involving interactions between R-groups hydrophilic/phobic, disulphide bridges | 2 | |
| 14101348388 | quaternary structure | Results from two or more polypeptide subunits. | 3 | |
| 14101356035 | steroids | lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings | 4 | |
| 14101358461 | Triglycerides | an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. | 5 | |
| 14101360589 | Terpenes | repeating units of isoprene | 6 | |
| 14101369722 | Increasing fluidity of cell membrane | increasing the unsaturated FA's, increasing cholestrol, shorter FA chains | 7 | |
| 14101387545 | Competitive inhibitors effect on V-S | No change in Vmax, increase Km | 8 | |
| 14101394818 | Non competitive inhibitors effect on V-S | Lower Vmax, no change in Km | 9 | |
| 14101401699 | Uncompetitive inhibitors effect on V-S | Lower Vmax, decrease Km | 10 | |
| 14101417680 | Metabolic catalysis pathways of glucose | glycolysis, glycogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway | 11 | |
| 14101429468 | Metabolic anabolism of glucose | gluconeogenesis, glycogenolysis | 12 | |
| 14101442050 | Use of Acetyl CoA | Krebs, ETC, ketogenesis, FA anabolism | 13 | |
| 14101449848 | Making Acetyl CoA | PDC, ketogenesis, beta-oxidation | 14 | |
| 14101460868 | Enzyme for glucose->G6P | hexokinase (HK) | 15 | |
| 14101465579 | Enzyme for F6P -> F1,6BP | phosphofructokinase (PFK) | 16 | |
| 14101472401 | Net energy from glycolysis | 2 ATP and 2 NADH | 17 | |
| 14101477210 | Enzyme for PEP -> Pyruvate | pyruvate kinase | 18 | |
| 14101657566 | products of fermentation | NAD+, and lactate or ethanol | 19 | |
| 14101670307 | PDC reactants | Pyruvate, CoA-SH, NAD+ | 20 | |
| 14101673815 | PDC products | Acetyl Co-A, NADH, CO2 | 21 | |
| 14101676860 | PDC location | mitochondrial matrix | 22 | |
| 14101680744 | Krebs cycle reactants | 2 Acetyl CoA | 23 | |
| 14101689990 | The Krebs cycle produces | 2 GTP, 6NADH, and 2FADH + OAA | 24 | |
| 14101696870 | electron transport chain | series of electron carrier proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions | 25 | |
| 14101941584 | ATP yield for mitochondrial NADH | 2.5 ATP per NADH | 26 | |
| 14101945403 | ATP yield for cytoplasmic NADH | 1.5 ATP per NADH | 27 | |
| 14101950720 | ATP yield for FADH2 | 1.5 ATP per FADH2 | 28 | |
| 14101955181 | Enzyme for making ATP in ETC | ATP synthase | 29 | |
| 14101963009 | Net ATP of cellular respiration | 30 | 30 | |
| 14101969128 | Gluconeogenesis reaction | 2 pyruvate -> 1 glucose | 31 | |
| 14101975878 | 2 pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 CO2 (gluconeogenesis step 1) | 2 OAA + 2 ADP (requires pyruvate carboxylase) | 32 | |
| 14101984273 | 2 OAA + 2 GTP (gluconeogenesis step 2) | 2 PEP + 2 CO2 + 2GDP (requires PEP carboxylkinase) | 33 | |
| 14102001706 | F1,6BP -> F6P enzyme in gluconeogenesis | F1,6BPase | 34 | |
| 14102008866 | G6P to Glucose enzyme | glucose-6-phosphatase | 35 | |
| 14102014673 | Glucose regulation: ATP | Inhibits PFK (glycolysis), activates F1,6BPase (GNG) | 36 | |
| 14102019658 | Glucose regulation: citrate | Inhibits PFK (glycolysis), activates F1,6BPase (GNG) | 37 | |
| 14102032330 | Glucose regulation: AMP | Inhibits F1,6BPase (GNG), activates PFK (glycolysis) | 38 | |
| 14102040050 | Glucose regulation: F2,6BP | Inhibits F1,6BPase (GNG), activates PFK (glycolysis) | 39 | |
| 14102046154 | Insulin glucose regulation | Increase glycolysis | 40 | |
| 14102050113 | Glucagon glucose regulation | Increase GNG | 41 | |
| 14102052061 | GNG location | liver | 42 | |
| 14102062145 | Glycogenesis G6P->GIP enzyme | phosphoglucomutase | 43 | |
| 14102067827 | Glycogenesis GIP+ UTP->UDP-glu enzyme | UDP-glu pyrophosphorylase | 44 | |
| 14102078804 | Glycogenesis UDP-glu -> glycogen enzyme | glycogen synthase | 45 | |
| 14102087900 | Glycogenolysis glycogen -> glycogen(n-1) +GIP enzyme | glycogen phosphorylase | 46 | |
| 14102094800 | Glycogenolysis GIP -> G6P enzyme | phosphoglucomutase | 47 | |
| 14102100560 | Glycogen regulation: insulin | Inhibits glycogen phosphorylase (lysis); activates glycogen synthase (genesis) | 48 | |
| 14102107737 | Glycogen regulation: glucagon | Inhibits glycogen synthase (genesis); activates glycogen phosphorylase (lysis) | 49 | |
| 14102114063 | Glycogen regulation: epinephrine | Inhibits glycogen synthase (genesis); activates glycogen phosphorylase (lysis) | 50 | |
| 14102121611 | Pentose Phosphate Pathway PPP goals | 1) produce ribose R5P + NADPH 2) support nt and FA synthesis by providing reducing E | 51 | |
| 14102146519 | Oxidative phase of PPP | Irreversible; G6P+ 2NADP+ -> R5P + 2 NADPH + CO2 | 52 | |
| 14102156557 | Oxidative phase of PPP enzyme | glyceraldehyde 6P dehydrogenase | 53 | |
| 14102175646 | Non-oxidative phase of PPP | Reversible; R5P -> metabolic intermediates: nucleotides or F6P, GAP | 54 | |
| 14102193280 | Enzyme to break down triglycerides | lipase | 55 | |
| 14102215113 | 3FA -> Fatty acyl co-A requirements | Acyl CoA synthase +CoA-SH+ATP | 56 | |
| 14102280845 | How does fatty acyl co-A enter mitochondrial matrix from cytoplasm? | Carnitine Shuttle | 57 | |
| 14102283687 | 4 steps of beta oxidation | 1. oxidation 2. hydration 3. oxidation 4. cleavage | 58 | |
| 14102297814 | Beta oxidation reactants | Fatty acyl CoA, FAD+, H2O, NAD+, CoA-SH | 59 | |
| 14102310335 | Beta oxidation products | Fatty acyl CoA, Acetyl coA (2C), FADH2, NADH | 60 | |
| 14102322100 | How many rounds of beta oxidation for n carbons in molecule? | carbons/2 -1 | 61 | |
| 14102327493 | Where does fat anabolism take place? | cytoplasm | 62 | |
| 14102337478 | first step fat anabolism + enzyme | acetyl coA + CO2; acetyl CoA carboxylase | 63 | |
| 14102347607 | Fat anabolism regulation: insulin | activates acetyl CoA carboxylase | 64 | |
| 14102350827 | Fat anabolism regulation: glucagon | inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase | 65 | |
| 14102358684 | Fat anabolism steps (starting from malonyl coA) | 1) elongation 2) reduction 3) dehydration 4) reduction | 66 | |
| 14102383674 | Fat anabolism reactants (starting from malonyl coA) | FA chain + 2 NADPH | 67 | |
| 14102392564 | Fat anabolism products (starting from malonyl coA) | H2O + CO2 + 2 NADP+ | 68 | |
| 14102399468 | Ketogenesis purpose | provides E to crucial organs (FA can't cross blood-brain barrier) | 69 | |
| 14102411159 | Fate of amino acids | 1) new proteins 2) deamination a- NH3 goes to urea cycle b- C skeleton goes to acetyl coA or glucose | 70 |
