Terms : Hide Images
| 8284861096 | Formal Region | An area in which everyone/everything (or the area itself) shares one or more characteristics Ex. Colorado, the tropics | 0 | |
| 8284896248 | Functional Region | -An area where there is a focal point(node) which is dominant and has influence over the region -There is interaction in the region between the node and the surrounding area Ex. Circulation area of a newspaper, school district, central business district | 1 | |
| 8284946686 | Vernacular Region (Perceptual Region) | -Exists in the minds of people -Not formally(scientifically) defined Ex. The Midwest | 2 | |
| 8284973037 | Scale | Relation between the size of something on a map to its actual size on Earth | 3 | |
| 8284986075 | Large-Scale Map | -Shows only a small portion of the Earth's surface, like a neighborhood -Lots of detail in a small area | 4 | |
| 8285004658 | Small-Scale Map | Not as much detail but it shows a large area, like the globe | 5 | |
| 8285035856 | Robinson | A map projection, oceans not interrupted, but land areas are much smaller than they are on maps where the oceans interrupted | 6 | |
| 8286259573 | Mercator | A map projection, shape is not distorted much, direction is consistent, rectangular, but near the poles/high latitudes places look much larger than the actually are. | 7 | |
| 8286292163 | Site | Physical characteristic of a place Ex. Climate, topography, vegetation | 8 | |
| 8286299881 | Situation | The location of a place relative to other places | 9 | |
| 8286312317 | Hearth | The origin of the idea or characteristic | 10 | |
| 8286316281 | Relocation Diffusion | People moving and bringing their culture with them Ex. Spread of religion by settlers or conquerors | 11 | |
| 8286333004 | Hierarchical Diffusion | A type of expansion diffusion, the process of transferring ideas first between larger places or prominent people and only later to less important points or people | 12 | |
| 8286358427 | Contagious Diffusion | A type of expansion diffusion, direct contact between developers of idea/those who adopted it and those who encounter it. Affects nearly uniformly all individuals and areas outward from the source region | 13 | |
| 8286385798 | Stimulus Diffusion | A type of expansion diffusion, the movement of the underlying idea or principle | 14 | |
| 8286457103 | Thematic Map | A map with a single subject | 15 | |
| 8303322522 | East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia, Europe | Four most important population concentrations | 16 | |
| 8303359108 | Stage 2 | What stage is Nigeria in on the demographic transition model? Region-Sub-Saharan Africa Rapid population growth Triangle shaped population pyramid(many young people) | 17 | |
| 8303402249 | Stage 3 | What stage is India in on the demographic transition model? Region-Latin America, South-East Asia Population still growing- but slowing down Square with triangle on top population pyramid | 18 | |
| 8303418082 | Stage 4 | What stage is the U.S. in on the demographic transition model? Region-North America and parts of Europe, Oceania Steady population-Low CBR and CDR Rectangular-ish population pyramid | 19 | |
| 8303434698 | Stage 5 | What stage is Japan in on the Demographic transition model? Region-Some parts of Europe Decreasing population- elderly, very low CBR Pentagon shaped pyramid(more elderly people than young) | 20 | |
| 8303600005 | War(civil war) | Political Reason for Forced Migration | 21 | |
| 8303612505 | Facing discrimination | Social Reason for Forced Migration | 22 | |
| 8303619414 | Natural Disaster | Environmental Reason for Forced Migration | 23 | |
| 8303653188 | Turkey | Top refugee hosting country | 24 | |
| 8387685702 | Language Family | -A collection of individual languages with a common ancestor from the very distant past -Largest division of language Ex. Indo-European, Sino-Tibetan | 25 | |
| 8387723804 | Indo-European | Largest language family | 26 | |
| 8387736037 | Isogloss | An area of distinct word usage or pronunciation that can be defined as a distinct region with boundaries Ex. soda vs pop | 27 | |
| 8387766330 | Ideograms | The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific as is the case with letters in English | 28 | |
| 8387800716 | Lingua Franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages Ex. English, French in Africa | 29 | |
| 8387832046 | Language Branch | A group of languages that share a common origin but have evolved into different languages-second largest division of languages Ex. Romance languages, Indo-Iranian | 30 | |
| 8387862531 | Language Group | Several individual languages within a language branch | 31 | |
| 8387884300 | Dialect | Pronunciation and vocabulary of a language distinct to a certain region | 32 | |
| 8387893506 | Creole | -A language that is made up of a combination of two languages -Often a mixture of a European and African language that is the result of slaves being brought to the Americas Ex. Haitian ______ | 33 | |
| 8387942906 | Multi-Lingual State | A state where multiple languages are spoken Ex. Belgium | 34 | |
| 8387969573 | Sino-Tibetan | Second largest language family | 35 | |
| 8387969574 | Mandarin | Most widely spoken language- Sino-Tibetan family | 36 | |
| 8387979921 | English | Second most widely spoken language- Indo-European family | 37 | |
| 8388000709 | Ethnic Religion | A religion that appeals to a certain group of people living in a certain place Few missionaries to spread religion Ex. Judaism, Hinduism, Animistic religions | 38 | |
| 8388010657 | Universalizing Religion | A religion that tries to appeal to everyone Spread by missionaries and conquerors Ex. Christianity, Buddhism, Islam | 39 | |
| 8388045190 | Christianity | Branches-Catholic, Protestant, Eastern Orthodox Hearth-Palestine(modern day Israel) Distribution-Americas, Europe, Australia, some of Africa World's largest religion | 40 | |
| 8388097280 | Islam | Branches-Sunni(majority), Shiite Hearth- Mecca Distribution- North Africa, Middle East, Indonesia | 41 | |
| 8388112734 | Buddhism | Hearth- North India/Nepal Distribution- South/South East Asia(China and surrounding areas) | 42 | |
| 8388138921 | Hinduism | Largest ethnic religion Almost exclusive to India | 43 | |
| 8388163272 | Judaism | Israel Ethnic Religion | 44 | |
| 8388184513 | Religion Branch | Division of a religion Ex. Protestant, Catholic, Eastern Orthodox in Christianity | 45 | |
| 8388202267 | Denomination | Division within a branch Ex. Baptism is a __________ of Protestant | 46 | |
| 8388221681 | Sect | A relatively small denominational group that has broken away from an established church | 47 | |
| 8388256159 | Ethnic Group | -People of a common ancestry and cultural tradition -Born into it | 48 | |
| 8388270067 | Ethnic Homeland | -Connection to land -Indigenous people -Ancestral Home Ex. Navajo reservation, Quebecois | 49 | |
| 8388295859 | Rohingya | What group of people have been forced out of Myanmar by the government/military? -Textbook example of ethnic cleansing -Muslims in a Buddhist majority country | 50 | |
| 8388324410 | Popular Culture | Uniform landscape, looks the same everywhere, changes over time but varies little from place to place, found in large heterogeneous cities Ex. Starbucks, McDonalds | 51 | |
| 8388344915 | Folk Culture | -Local, homemade, handmade -Largely self-sufficient -Little change over time -Varies from place to place -Small groups, isolated | 52 | |
| 8388368664 | Contagious Diffusion(not definition) | How does popular culture spread? | 53 | |
| 8388390317 | Relocation Diffusion(not definition) | How is folk culture spread? | 54 | |
| 8400808201 | State | -Country(land not people) -A political unit that occupies a precisely defined, permanently populated territory. It has full control over its internal and foreign affairs(sovereignty) | 55 | |
| 8400833264 | Nation | -People not land -Refers to a group of people with a common culture that occupy a particular territory Ex. Navajo(like ethnic homelands) | 56 | |
| 8400858208 | Multinational State | A state that consists of several nations Ex. UK, India, Spain | 57 | |
| 8400864455 | Stateless Nation | Nations that don't have their own state/sovereignty Ex. Catalans, Iraqi Kurds | 58 | |
| 8400874606 | Nation-State | -The territory of a state is occupied by only one distinct nation or people -No important minority group Ex. France, Iceland, Japan, Denmark | 59 | |
| 8400905802 | Colony | A territory that is tied to a state and lacks full sovereignty, citizens may have some autonomy, but no control over their foreign affairs Ex. Puerto Rico, many islands | 60 | |
| 8400967642 | Compact | -Shape of a state -Circular/equal radius from capital city to boundaries -Advantages-more efficient communication and transportation Ex. Botswana, Bhutan | 61 | |
| 8400998953 | Elongated | -Shape of a state -Lots of border to defend -Communication and transportation is difficult -Usually along a coast Ex. Chile | 62 | |
| 8401014263 | Fragmented | -Shape of a state -Usually island groups/chains -Communication/transportation is hard -Sea born Trade Ex. Phillipines | 63 | |
| 8401033425 | Prorupted | -Shape of a state -Part of the country is connected to main part by narrow strip of land -Hard to defend proruption Ex. Namibia, India | 64 | |
| 8401055509 | Perforated | -Shape of a country -A country has another country completely within its boundaries Ex. South Africa(perforation-Lesotho), Italy | 65 | |
| 8401091427 | Devolution | The transfer of power from a central government to a local or regional administration | 66 | |
| 8401103504 | Supranationalism | When a state gives up some portion of its sovereignty to the advantages of closer economic, political, or cultural association with its neighbors-joins a group of countries Ex. NAFTA, EU, NATO | 67 | |
| 8401127841 | Unitary State | All of the power is in the central government Ex. China, small states | 68 | |
| 8401141056 | Federal State | -Gives different ethnicities more representation -More power to regional governments (a type of state) | 69 | |
| 8401166622 | Exclave | A part of the state that is separated by other states/not physically connected to main part of state | 70 | |
| 8401197848 | Enclave | A part of a state that is completely within another state | 71 | |
| 8401220388 | Shatterbelt | Regions where there are many fragile states and world powers have taken an interest Ex. Sub-Saharan Africa, Middle East | 72 | |
| 8401237892 | Fragile State | A state that is susceptible to crisis, vulnerable, not stable Reasons -Bad economy -Corrupt government | 73 | |
| 8401268232 | De Facto State | Not a state by name, but functions as one Ex. Taiwan | 74 | |
| 8401277866 | Geometric Boundary | -Straight lines -Artificial, not related to culture/landscape | 75 | |
| 8401300423 | Antecedent Boundary | A boundary drawn before the area was heavily populated | 76 | |
| 8401306543 | Consequent Boundary | A boundary that coincides with cultural or economic patterns | 77 | |
| 8401320274 | Superimposed Boundary | -A boundary that ignores cultural patterns -Usually a result of colonization -Contributes to being a fragile state | 78 | |
| 8401334119 | Positional Dispute | A boundary dispute over the precise location of the boundary | 79 | |
| 8401343880 | Territorial Dispute | A boundary dispute over who owns the territory | 80 | |
| 8401349521 | Resource Dispute | A boundary dispute over who has control/the right to resources | 81 | |
| 8401368079 | Functional Dispute | A disagreement about border policies/the movement of people | 82 | |
| 8401376238 | Balkanization | The breakup of a country due to ethnic conflicts | 83 | |
| 8401394882 | Gerrymandering | The act of manipulating the boundaries of a state, country, county, etc. so as to favor one party/class politically | 84 | |
| 8424990121 | Agriculture | Growing crops or raising livestock | 85 | |
| 8424993052 | Commercial Agriculture | Growing crops or raising livestock to sell | 86 | |
| 8425001991 | Crop Rotation | Changing which crops are growing in a field (usually annually) to prevent the depletion of nutrients in the soil | 87 | |
| 8425012399 | Domestication | Breeding of trained animals for human use | 88 | |
| 8425017631 | Double-Cropping | Two harvests a year from the same field | 89 | |
| 8425024714 | Extensive Subsistence | A type of agriculture Ex. Pastoral Nomadism | 90 | |
| 8425050475 | Mixed-Crop and Livestock | -Growing grains for livestock consumption -In mid-latitude MDC's -Most of the land is for growing grain, not raising animals -Animals sold for profit | 91 | |
| 8425065405 | Fallow | When nothing is planted | 92 | |
| 8425090942 | Von Thünen's Model | This model shows distances from types of agriculture to cities (2=produce and milkshed) |  | 93 |
| 8425109681 | Horticulture | The growing of fruits, vegetables, and flowers | 94 | |
| 8425167422 | Intensive Subsistence | -A type of agriculture -LDC's -Provides food for the farmer's family -Takes lots of effort | 95 | |
| 8425176449 | Intertillage | -Mixing of different crops -Helps mimic natural environment+keeps nutrients in soil | 96 | |
| 8425210035 | Livestock Ranching | -A type of extensive commercial agriculture -Takes a large area of land -Cattle -In the West, where it is dryer | 97 | |
| 8425232161 | Extensive Commercial Agriculture | -A type of agriculture -Large areas of cheap land -Can be far from markets -Takes place in semi-arid parts of the world in MDC's -Ex. Livestock Ranching and Wheat | 98 | |
| 8425252859 | Luxury Crops | Not essential crops Ex. Tea, coffee, sugar | 99 | |
| 8438737282 | Truck Farming(Market Gardening) | The growing of produce to sell | 100 | |
| 8438754096 | Mediterranean Agriculture | -Climate for this type of agriculture: borders a sea, west coasts, sea winds provide moisture, mild winters -Crops are grown for human consumption -Grapes and olives | 101 | |
| 8438767326 | Milkshed | The area around a city where a city gets its milk from so it doesn't spoil | 102 | |
| 8438786238 | Grain Farming | -Wheat -Regions: Belt through Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma(winter-wheat); Spring wheat, Belt through the Dakotas, Montana, and southern Saskatchewan; Washington State | 103 | |
| 8438801506 | Pastoral Nomadism | -A form of subsistence agriculture based on herding domesticated animals -Takes place in arid and semi arid climates -Central and southwest Asia and north Africa -Extensive subsistence agriculture | 104 | |
| 8438822727 | Plantation Farming | -Grows luxury crops -Takes place in LDC's -Crops sold to MDC's | 105 | |
| 8438832096 | Shifting Cultivation | -Supports a small population -Community uses the field for a couple of years, then leaves it to let it fallow until soil nutrients are replenished -Slash-and-burn(cut down then burn the vegetation) -Humid low latitude climates | 106 | |
| 8438862072 | Subsistence Agriculture | Growing crops to feed the farmer and their family | 107 | |
| 8438865539 | Transhumance | The seasonal migration of livestock, usually between mountains and lowland pasture areas | 108 | |
| 8438880551 | Central and part of South America | Agricultural hearth for cotton, corn, and potato | 109 | |
| 8438889136 | Ethiopia(Sub-Saharan Africa) | Agricultural hearth for sorghum | 110 | |
| 8438896061 | Middle East(Fertile Crescent) | Agricultural hearth for many cereal grains(barley, oats, rye, wheat) | 111 | |
| 8438903969 | East Asia | Agricultural hearth for rice and soybeans | 112 | |
| 8438909559 | Indonesia/South East Asia | Agricultural hearth for sugarcane | 113 | |
| 8438958189 | Primary Sector | -Harvest or extract materials/products from the Earth -Stage two and three countries -Most of an LDC's GDP comes from this sector Ex. Agriculture, fishing, foresting, mining, hunting and gathering | 114 | |
| 8438977806 | Secondary Sector | The transformation of raw materials in usable products Ex. Manufacturing, processing, construction, power production (China) | 115 | |
| 8438998280 | Tertiary Sector | -Provide services to the primary and secondary sector and goods and services to the general community and individual -Stage 4+5 countries Ex. Retail and wholesale trade, personal and professional services | 116 | |
| 8439013906 | Quarternary Sector | -Individuals and organizations involved in the processing and dissemination of information and control of their own or other enterprises -Grouped with tertiary sector -Information, Research, and Management | 117 | |
| 8439036524 | Human Development Index (HDI) | -A comparative measure of economic(GDP per capita), social(literacy rate and years of education), and demographic(life expectancy) factors that are used to determine the level of development -Health, wealth, and knowledge | 118 | |
| 8439065111 | Weber's Least Cost Theory | -Companies choose a location to minimize their costs -Transportation is the most important element of the model |  | 119 |
| 8439079275 | Bulk-Reducing Industry | -Inputs(raw materials) are bulky/expensive to transport -Final product is lighter/less expensive to transport -Manufacturing is located near the inputs Ex. Steel and copper making | 120 | |
| 8439094333 | Bulk-Gaining Industry | -Inputs are light/cheap to transport -Final product is heavier and more expensive to transport -Manufacturing takes place near market Ex. Beer and soft-drink bottling | 121 | |
| 8439118837 | Break-of-Bulk Point | Where good are transported from one mode of transportation to another | 122 | |
| 8439135967 | Footloose Industry | An industry that can be located anywhere without effects from factors such as resources, services, or transport Ex. Computer chips | 123 | |
| 8439166298 | Industrial Revolution | -Transition from a mainly agricultural based industry to one more focused on factories and manufacturing -Started in the UK | 124 | |
| 8439180315 | Infrastructure | Physical and organizational structures and facilities needed in a society Ex. Roads | 125 | |
| 8439192556 | Manufacturing Region | -A region where manufacturing activities have clustered together -Northwestern Europe, East Asia, Eastern North America, Eastern Europe | 126 | |
| 8439203961 | New International Division of Labor | -Cheap, less skilled labor in LDCs -Research, development, design, in MDCs | 127 | |
| 8439212025 | Site Characteristics | Factors about the location of the factory Ex. Labor cost, land, capital | 128 | |
| 8439224135 | Situation Characteristics | Factors about the transportation to and from the factory | 129 | |
| 8441192505 | These natural factors contribute to a country being less developed | -Ex.Sub-Sahran Africa -Near Equator -Lack of good domesticated animals -No access to good crops like cereal grains -Tropical diseases like malaria(hard to eradicate because no cold season) -Bad soil quality (Jeopardy-ish style question) | 130 | |
| 8441215412 | These natural factors contribute to a country being more developed | -Temperate climate -Better climate for growing crops -Access to nutritious crops like cereal grains and domesticated animals -More fertile soil -Access to sea born trade -Not as susceptible to tropical diseases such as malaria (Jeopardy-ish style question) | 131 | |
| 8441235217 | Colonization, Fragile States, Superimposed Boundaries | Man-made reasons that a country has a low HDI | 132 | |
| 8461508678 | Urban | In, relating to, or characteristic of a city or town | 133 | |
| 8461516728 | Metropolitan Statistical Area(MSA) | -A central city with at least 50,000 people -The county that includes the central city -Adjacent counties with a high population density and a large percentage of people working in the central city's county -Most of the US | 134 | |
| 8461544540 | Combined Metropolitan Statistical Area(CMSA) | Two adjacent MSA's with overlapping commuter patterns Ex. Denver and Boulder | 135 | |
| 8461550609 | Megalopolis | A string of urban areas that have grown together Ex. Boston to Washington DC | 136 | |
| 8461576356 | Colonial City | -Administrative, commercial, and often military outpost for an external power -Many established to economically or militarily subdue local people | 137 | |
| 8461595449 | Latin American City Model/Spanish Colonial City | -Spanish conquistadors completely erased indigenous settlements and mingled with the local culture to become a part of it -Grid pattern -Plaza at the center of the city -Spine with elite residences -Squatter settlements around the city | 138 | |
| 8461637503 | French and British Colonial City | -Segregation between colonists and natives -The French and the British never mingled with the local population like the Spanish did Ex. Africa, South/Southeast Asia, India | 139 | |
| 8461667837 | Emerging City | -Millions have migrated to cities in search of a better life -Economic activities have often changed their orientation from external to local markets -Cities have been centers of political and social unrest Ex. Mumbai, Dhaka | 140 | |
| 8461719272 | CBD | Central Business District | 141 | |
| 8461724850 | Census Tracts | -Contains 5,000 ish residents -Corresponds (when possible) to neighborhood boundaries | 142 | |
| 8461737261 | Suburbs(Europe) | Where do poor people and migrants live in European cities? -Dense housing, not very nice areas to live | 143 | |
| 8461751760 | Suburbs(USA) | Where do wealthier/middle class people live in American cities? -More space, good schools, yards | 144 | |
| 8461775586 | Concentric Circle Model |  | 145 | |
| 8461779282 | Sector Model |  | 146 | |
| 8461783137 | Multiple Nuclei Model |  | 147 | |
| 8461799751 | Central Place Theory | -The larger the settlements are in size, the fewer in number they will be -The larger the settlements grow in size, the greater the distance between them -The higher the order of the goods and services, the longer the distance people are willing to travel to acquire them |  | 148 |
| 8461831103 | Clustered | -The most common type of rural settlement in Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America -Farm villages -Fields and villages lie beyond the limits of the village, accessible by walking -Why?-defense, environmental conditions, communal ties | 149 | |
| 8461858546 | Semiclustered | -Row villages -Chain of farmsteads along a river or road | 150 | |
| 8461870122 | Isolated Farmstead | -Safe out in the middle of nowhere -Peace and security in the countryside -Self-sufficiency -Individual families rather than communities -Commonly found in Anglo-America, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa (places colonized by British/Europeans) | 151 | |
| 8469099827 | Primate City Rule | -Largest, most dominant city in a region -Most LDC's have a high degree of primacy, while most MDC's have a low degree of primacy -Degree of primacy refers to the dominance of the largest city over the rest of the country Ex. London-UK, Paris-France, Bangkok-Thailand | 152 | |
| 8469137319 | Rank-Size Rule | -Largest town, population=x -2nd largest town, population=x/2 -3rd largest x/3..... Ex. USA, India, Germany, Federal states | 153 | |
| 8469164841 | Threshold | Minimum market(population or income) needed to bring about the selling of a particular good or service | 154 | |
| 8469176639 | Range | The maximum distance consumers are prepared to travel to acquire goods | 155 |
