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AP Language and Composition Terms Flashcards

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14701242632Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words0
14701244157Allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.1
14701247047AnalogyA comparison of two different things that are similar in some way2
14701248351Anaphorathe repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses3
14701258062AnecdoteA brief narrative that focuses on a particular incident or event.4
14701261455AnnotationA brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature.5
14701262791antecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.6
14701264541Antimetabolerepetition of words, in successive clauses, in reverse grammatical order7
14701266754Antithesisthe direct opposite, a sharp contrast8
14701298240AphorismA brief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life.9
14701301665AppositiveA word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.10
14701305865Archaic dictionold-fashioned or outdated choice of words11
14701309450ArgumentA statement put forth and supported by evidence12
14701312861Aristotlelian trianglea diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience13
14701315764Assertiona confident and forceful statement of fact or belief14
14701316681Assumptiona thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.15
14701318724Asyndetonomission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words16
14701319119Attitudefeelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events17
14701323504AudienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.18
14701324582Authoritythe power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience.19
14701328986BiasA particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific.20
14701329575CiteIdentifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.21
14701330319Claimstate or assert that something is the case, typically without providing evidence or proof.22
14701335429Close ReadingA careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.23
14701337049Colloquialisminformal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing24
14701337771Common GroundShared beliefs, values, or positions.25
14701339746Complex SentenceA sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.26
14701344968Concessiona thing that is granted, especially in response to demands; a thing conceded.27
14701346193Connotationan idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning.28
14701349311Contextthe circumstances that form the setting for an event, statement, or idea, and in terms of which it can be fully understood and assessed.29
14701350487coordinationGrammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.30
14701355060CounterargumentA challenge to a position; an opposing argument31
14701357208cumulative sentencesentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on32
14701359267declarative sentencea sentence that makes a statement or declaration33
14701362762Deduction/Deductive argumentthe process of moving from a general rule to a specific example34
14701368101DenotationThe dictionary definition of a word35
14701369776DictionA writer's or speaker's choice of words36
14701372739DocumentationThe act of creating citations to identify resources used in writing a work.37
14701373597Dramatic IronyIrony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters in the play.38
14701374578Elegiaemournful and expressing sorrow39
14701377924Epigramwitty comment40
14701378531Ethosbeliefs or character of a group41
14701382381Figurative LanguageLanguage that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.42
14701386177Figure of speechAn expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.43
14701389263Hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.44
14701390131ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)45
14701391713Imperative sentenceA sentence that requests or commands.46
14701394125Induction/inductive argumentthe process that moves from a given series of specifics to a generalization47
14701402388Inversioninverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)48
14701403696Ironythe expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.49
14701408568JuxtapositionPlacement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts50
14701412258LogosAppeal to logic51
14701412700MetaphorA comparison without using like or as52
14701413877MetonymyA figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it53
14701416851occasionthe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written54
14701443810OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.55
14701445070ParadoxA statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.56
14701448116Parallelismsimilarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses57
14701456843Parodya work which imitates another in a ridiculous manner58
14701477308Pathosa quality that evokes pity or sadness59
14701478899Personaan individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting60
14701482678PersonificationA figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes61
14701483243Polemiccontroversy; argument; verbal attack62
14701485097Polysyndetonthe use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural63
14701489024Major premisethe first part of a syllogism, consisting of a general statement about the subject of your argument64
14701495828Minor premisea statement about a specific case related to the general characteristics of the major premise65
14701507461Propagandainformation, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of view.66
14701508532Purposethe goal the speaker wants to achieve67
14701512578Refuteto prove to be false68
14701515804Rhetoricthe art of effective or persuasive speaking or writing, especially the use of figures of speech and other compositional techniques.69
14701518502Rhetorical modesexposition, description, narration, argumentation70
14701520264Rhetorical questionfigure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer71
14701521238Rhetorical triangleA diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text.72
14701521852satireA literary work that criticizes human misconduct and ridicules vices, stupidities, and follies.73
14701523501SchemeA pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.74
14701527701Sentence patternsThe arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.75
14701535411Sentence varietyUsing a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.76
14701535976simileA comparison using "like" or "as"77
14701536703simple sentenceA sentence consisting of one independent clause and no dependent clause78
14701538831situational ironythe situation, event, or action is ironic (a fire department burns down)79
14701544772sourceA book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.80
14701545271speakerA term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing81
14701545883stylethe choices a writer makes; the combination of distinctive features of a literary work82
14701571199subjectwho or what the sentence is about83
14701573251subordinate clauseCreated by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.84
14701576178subordinationThe dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.85
14701577507syllogismA form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.86
14701580485syntaxSentence structure87
14701583540synthesizeTo combine; to blend88
14701584225thesisthe primary position taken by a writer or speaker89
14701585318tropeThe generic name for a figure of speech such as image, symbol, simile, and metaphor.90
14701587556understatementthe opposite of exaggeration. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended.91
14701590729verbal ironyA figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant92
14701591208voiceThe real or assumed personality used by a writer or speaker.93
14701592051Zegumause of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings94

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