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AP Psych Review Flashcards

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13904880794IntrospectionWilliam Wundt evaluation of consciousness in a systematic way0
13904888753StructuralismEdward B. Titchener descriptive science based in part: whole ratios1
13904909706Gestalt Psychologyadding individual elements of an experience to be left with something altogether new.2
13904918984FunctionalismWilliam James how consciousness allows us to adapt and function in our environment- holistic health and wellbeing.3
13904939328PsychoanalysisSigmund Freud unconsious motives/conflicts, Id Ego and Superego.4
13904957151Psychosexual stagesOral 0-1: centered in babys mouth Anal 1-3: ego has developed Phallic 3-6: genitals, aware of anatomical dif. Latency 5-puberty: no further development Genital puberty-adult: sexual experimentation5
13905001588Behaviorist ApproachJohn Watson observable and empirically measured behavior. classic conditioning- pavlov6
13905022911CognitiveBF Skinner memory, problem solving, decision making, and perception.7
13905039468Biopsychosocial approachGeorge L. Engel interactions of biology, personality, and social influence.8
13905054543Evolutionary ApproachDarwin aspects of human thought and behavior which may increase survival in the future.9
13905529554Biological, neurobiologcal, and physiologicalgenetics, nervous system, hormones and brain structures influence thinking and behavior.10
13905541264socioculturalimpact of culture, ethnicity, religion, gender, income, and environment, on individuals.11
13905562000HumanisticCarl Rogers humans have free will and will make the best decisions for themselves regardless of the past. Maslow's hierarchy of needs.12
13923203857Pupilallows light to enter and activate rods/cones13
13923208897retinacontains rods and cones (visual receptors) and sends the image to the brain where most transduction occurs14
13923224800lensbends (accomodates) incoming light messages onto the retina15
13923234579Iriscolored part of the eye which expands and contracts to allow light in16
13923242808corneatransparent, curved, cover of the eye.17
13923247985Optic nerveCarries messages from the eye to the brain18
13923255944Fovealocated at the center of the retina and contains solely cones.19
13923267205Rods and conesrods- black and white cones- color20
13923271349ossiclesthree tiny bones in the middle ear (the hammer, anvil, and stirrup) that vibrate21
13923278985Tympanic membraneeardrum- divides inner and outer ear22
13923283171cochleasnail shaped, holds basilar membrane and cilia.23
13923295003Inner earwhere transduction occurs! Holds the cochlea and vestibular system.24
13923304175Middle earholds the ossicles and transmits vibrations to the inner ear25
13923309766Outer earPinna and auditory canal26
13923334402HindbrainHolds the medulla, cerebrum, pons27
13923338244Midbrainrelays information from hindbrain to forebrain specifically from the eyes and ears Two systems: the reticular formation clustered neurons holding dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine receptors.28
13923357130ForebrainLimbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, basal ganglia, cerebral cortex.29
13923372759Amygdalacontrols fear and aggression30
13923375806Association areasintegrates sensory input with stored memory.31
13923601020basil gangliaforms habitual behaviors most affected by Parkinsons32
13923608804Broca's Areaspeech production33
13923612604BrainstemDirects messages to the innermost part of the brain.34
13923617438Cerebellumbalance, voluntary movement, procedural memory, fine motor skills, posture.35
13923629374Cerebral cortexcovers the cerebrum with gray matter36
13923632939cerebrummade up of axons, neurons and glial cells37
13923639275Corpus Callosumaxons connecting the two cerebral hemispheres often cut in order to reduce epilepsy38
13923651359frontal lobeimpulse control39
13923847137HippocampusMemory storage40
13923851960hypothalamusappetite and fight response reward center of the brain41
13923861122MedullaReflexes such as sneezing, swallowing, and coughing and heartbeat/breathing42
13923873185Motor cortexcontrols voluntary muscle movements43
13923880357occipital lobeinfo from visual receptors44
13923888665Pituitary glandendocrine system45
13923891914ponssleeping and dreaming46
13923894265prefrontal cortexshort term and long term planning47
13923899422Reticular formationsleep, levels of arousal, and attention.48
13923912117Temporal Lobeability to recognize faces and auditory functioning49
13923916121Thalamusall incoming information but smell50
13923919612Wernicke's areaspeech and language comprehension51
13924020553James Lang theory of emotionphysiological responses precede and create emotional responses52
13924032163Cannon Bard theory of emotionPhysiological response and emotion are going to occur at the same time and are rooted in the thalamus.53
13924045263Schachter-Singer Theoryphysiological reaction and cognitive analysis must occur before an emotion is consciously experienced.54
13924064047opponent-process theoryAn initial intense emotion is often turned cyclical and followed by the exact opposite emotion.55
13934789888Memory56

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