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| 15018441555 | carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids | Name the four major classes of large molecules in living things | 0 | |
| 15018441556 | lipids | What is the one class of large molecules that does not include macromolecules? | 1 | |
| 15018441557 | macromolecule | giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules, usually by a dehydration reaction | 2 | |
| 15018441558 | polymer | a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds | 3 | |
| 15018441559 | monomer | the subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer | 4 | |
| 15018441560 | dehydration synthesis | the process in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule | 5 | |
| 15018441561 | hydrolysis | the process in which a water molecules added to a polymer in order to break down bonds between two molecules | 6 | |
| 15018441562 | hydro | root word meaning water | 7 | |
| 15018441563 | lysis | root word meaning to break | 8 | |
| 15018441564 | monomer | Is glucose a monomer or a polymer? | 9 | |
| 15018441565 | water | To summarize, when two monomers are joined, a molecule of _____ is always removed | 10 | |
| 15018441566 | monosaccharides | The monomer of carbohydrates | 11 | |
| 15018441567 | sugars starches | Carbohydrates include _______ and _________ | 12 | |
| 15018441568 | C6H12O6 | Give the formula for glucose | 13 | |
| 15018441569 | carbonyl, hydroxyl | All sugars have the same two functional groups, name them | 14 | |
| 15018441570 | disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. | 15 | |
| 15018441571 | glycosidic linkage | A covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. | 16 | |
| 15018441572 | aldehyde sugar | Carbohydrate: carbonyl group located at the end of skeleton | 17 | |
| 15018441573 | ketone sugar | Carbohydrate: carbonyl group located within the skeleton | 18 | |
| 15018441574 | isomers | Compounds with the same formula but different structures. | 19 | |
| 15018441575 | glucose | What is this? |  | 20 |
| 15018441576 | maltose | malt sugar | 21 | |
| 15018441577 | glucose + glucose | What two monomers make up maltose? | 22 | |
| 15018441578 | sucrose | table sugar | 23 | |
| 15018441579 | glucose + fructose | What two monomers make up sucrose? | 24 | |
| 15018441580 | lactose | milk sugar | 25 | |
| 15018441581 | glucose + galactose | What two monomers make up lactose? | 26 | |
| 15018441582 | -ose | Root word meaning "full of" | 27 | |
| 15018441583 | Carbon-1 of glucose has bonded with Carbon-4 of glucose | What does 1-4 glycosidic linkage mean in terms of carbon numbering? | 28 | |
| 15018441584 | starch, glycogen | Give two types of polysaccharides used in energy storage | 29 | |
| 15018441585 | cellulose, chitin | Give two types of polysaccharides used as structural | 30 | |
| 15018441586 | energy storage, structural | Name the two types of polysaccharides | 31 | |
| 15018441587 | enzymes that are able to digest starch by hydrolyzing alpha linkages are unable to hydrolyze the beta linkages of cellulose because of the distinctly different shapes | Why can you not digest cellulose? | 32 | |
| 15018441588 | cows, termites, fungi | Give three organisms that can digest cellulose | 33 | |
| 15018441589 | starch | Has 1-4 Beta glucose linkages | 34 | |
| 15018441590 | glycogen | is a storage polysaccharide produced by vertebrates that is stored in your liver | 35 | |
| 15018441591 | chitin | structural polysaccharide that gives many bugs their exoskeleton | 36 | |
| 15018441592 | cellulose | structural polysaccharide that comprises plant cell walls | 37 | |
| 15018441593 | fats, waxes, oils, phospholipids, steroids | What are the five categories of lipids? | 38 | |
| 15018441594 | no true polymers, mix poorly with water, consist mostly of hydrocarbon regions | What three characteristics do all lipids share in common? | 39 | |
| 15018441595 | ester linkage | the bond between a fatty acid and a glycerol that forms a lipid | 40 | |
| 15018441596 | three fatty acids, one glycerol molecule | A fat is composed of _____ and _______ | 41 | |
| 15018441597 | unsaturated fat | type of fat that contains a double bonded carbon that causes a bend in structure, commonly found in plants, liquid at room temperature | 42 | |
| 15018441598 | saturated fat | type of fat that consists of all single bonded carbons and lots of hydrogens, solid at room temperature, commonly found in animal fats | 43 | |
| 15018441599 | butter, lard | Give two examples of saturated fats | 44 | |
| 15018441600 | olive oil, canola oil | Give two examples of unsaturated fats | 45 | |
| 15018441601 | the molecules can't pack close together to solidify due to double bond bend | Why are many unsaturated fats liquid at room temperature? | 46 | |
| 15018441602 | trans fat | An unsaturated fat, formed artificially during hydrogenation of oils, containing one or more trans double bonds. | 47 | |
| 15018441603 | hydrogenated oil | hydrogen is added to vegetable oils to change the oil from liquid to solid. | 48 | |
| 15018441604 | long term energy storage, insulation, padding, absorb vitamins | List four important functions of fats | 49 | |
| 15018441605 | hydrophilic, hydrophobic | Phospholipids has ______ heads, and ________ tails | 50 | |
| 15018441606 | Hydrocarbons | What are the "tails" of phospholipids made up of which make them hydrophobic? | 51 | |
| 15018441607 | cholesterol | What is this? |  | 52 |
| 15018441608 | cholesterol, vertebrate sex hormones | Give two examples of a steroid | 53 | |
| 15018441609 | amphipathic | a molecule that has hydrophobic regions and hydrophilic regions | 54 | |
| 15018441610 | enzymatic | Type of protein: accelerates chemical reactions | 55 | |
| 15018441611 | digestive enzymes | Give an example of an enzymatic protein | 56 | |
| 15018441612 | defensive | Type of protein: protects against disease | 57 | |
| 15018441613 | antibodies | Give an example of a defensive protein | 58 | |
| 15018441614 | storage | Type of protein: stores amino acids | 59 | |
| 15018441615 | casein | Give an example of a storage protein | 60 | |
| 15018441616 | transport | Type of protein: transports substances | 61 | |
| 15018441617 | hemoglobin | Give an example of transport protein | 62 | |
| 15018441618 | hormonal | Type of protein: coordinates organism activities | 63 | |
| 15018441619 | insulin | Give an example of a hormonal protein | 64 | |
| 15018441620 | receptor | Type of protein: response of cell to chemical stimuli | 65 | |
| 15018441621 | nerve cell receptors | Give an example of a receptor protein | 66 | |
| 15018441622 | contractile and motor structural | Type of protein: movement | 67 | |
| 15018441623 | actin, myosin | Give two examples of the contractile and motor structural proteins | 68 | |
| 15018441624 | structural | Type of protein: support | 69 | |
| 15018441625 | keratin | Give an example of a structural protein | 70 | |
| 15018441626 | amino acid | What is this? |  | 71 |
| 15018441627 | the side chain | What is represented by the R group in an amino acid? | 72 | |
| 15018441628 | 20 | How many different types of amino acid side chains are there? | 73 | |
| 15018441629 | hydrocarbons | Nonpolar amino acid side chains typically contain ______ | 74 | |
| 15018441630 | OH or SH groups | Polar amino acid side chains typically contain _______ | 75 | |
| 15018441631 | charged side chains | Electrically charged amino acid side chains typically contain ____________ | 76 | |
| 15018441632 | peptide bond | the covalent bond between the carbonyl group on one amino acid and the amino acid group on another, formed through dehydration reaction | 77 | |
| 15018441633 | dipeptide bond | two amino acids put together | 78 | |
| 15018441634 | polypeptide | the polymer of a protein | 79 | |
| 15018441635 | amino acid | the monomer of a protein | 80 | |
| 15018441636 | primary | Level of protein sequence: basic amino acid sequence, determined by DNA | 81 | |
| 15018441637 | primary structure | Level of protein sequence: |  | 82 |
| 15018441638 | secondary | Level of protein sequence: hydrogen bonds between repeating constituents in backbone, determined by backbone | 83 | |
| 15018441639 | helix, pleated sheet | What are the two types of secondary protein structure? | 84 | |
| 15018441640 | secondary structure | Level of protein sequence: |  | 85 |
| 15018441641 | tertiary | Level of protein sequence: regions repel and attract each other, determined by interactions in R groups | 86 | |
| 15018441642 | tertiary structure | Level of protein sequence: |  | 87 |
| 15018441643 | quaternary structure | Level of protein sequence: |  | 88 |
| 15018441644 | quaternary | Level of protein sequence: two or more polypeptides form into one functional macromolecule | 89 | |
| 15018441645 | sickle-cell disease | occurs when there is a change, specifically from glutamic acid to valine acid, in the amino acid sequence in the primary structure of the protein | 90 | |
| 15018441646 | denaturation | a process in which a protein loses its native shape due to the disruption of weak chemical bonds and interactions, becoming biologically inactive | 91 | |
| 15018441647 | heat, pH, salts | Give three ways a protein may become denatured | 92 | |
| 15018441648 | chaperonins | protein molecules that assist the proper folding of other proteins | 93 | |
| 15018441649 | mRna is synthesized in the nucleus, mRNA moves into cytoplasm via nuclear pore, a protein is synthesized by a ribosome by using the correct info carried on mRNA | Give the three detailed steps in which the flow of genetic information is achieved from DNA to RNA to proteins in a cell | 94 | |
| 15018441650 | nucleic acid | any of various macromolecules composed of nucleotid chains that are vital constituents of all living cells | 95 | |
| 15018441651 | sugar, nitrogenous base, phosphate group | What are the three components of a nucleic acid | 96 | |
| 15018441652 | nucleotide | A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group. | 97 | |
| 15018441653 | 5' to 3' | Always read mRNA from -- to ---, the end is always with an OH | 98 | |
| 15018441654 | cytosine, adenine, thymine, guanine | What four nitrogenous bases are found in DNA | 99 | |
| 15018441655 | cytosine, adenine, uracil, guanine | What four nitrogenous bases are found in RNA | 100 | |
| 15018441656 | deoxyribose lacks one less oxygen on the second carbon | What is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose | 101 | |
| 15018441657 | double helix | The form of native DNA, referring to its two adjacent polynucleotide strands wound into a spiral shape. | 102 | |
| 15018441658 | antiparallel | The two sugar-phosphate backbones run in opposite 5'-3' directions in DNA which is why it is said to be ______________ | 103 | |
| 15018441659 | nitrogenous bases | In DNA, what molecules are said to be the "rungs" on the double helix model | 104 | |
| 15018441660 | cytosine, adenine, uracil, guanine | What four nitrogenous bases are found in RNA | 105 |
