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AP World History Midterm Flashcards

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16421845287Judaism FounderAbraham0
16421851564Christianity FounderJesus1
16421851565Islam FounderMuhammad2
16421853504Hinduism FounderNo historical founder3
16421858435Buddhism FounderSiddhartha Gautama4
16421861613Confucianism FounderConfucius5
16421874697Daoism FounderLao Tzu6
16421886969Judaism Founding LocationIsrael7
16421886970Christianity Founding LocationPalistine/Israel8
16421892826Islam Founding LocationArabian Peninsula9
16421895865Hinduism Founding LocationIndia10
16421899009Buddhism Founding LocationSouth Asia11
16421901872Confucianism Founding LocationSong Dynasty China12
16421910664Daoism Founding LocationChina13
16421921504Filial PietyConfucian thought where children must have respect for parents and elders14
16421929496FootbindingMale-imposed practice that came with confucianism to mutilate women's feet in order to reduce size; produced pain and restricted movement; helped to confine women to the household.15
16421944387Ancestor VenerationThe dead have a continued existence, and may possess the ability to influence the fortune of the living, the worship of deceased ancestors connected with confucianism16
16421952283Scholar GentryChinese class created by the marital linkage of the local land-holding aristocracy with the office-holding Shi; superseded Shi as governors of China.17
16422002025Exam SystemA series of exams men passed in order to become scholar elite in China18
164220084055 Key Relationships of ConfucianismFather - Son Husband - Wife Leader - Subject Older brother - Younger brother Friend - Friend19
16422020288Trade routes from the time of Greece to the SongIndian Ocean Trans Saharan Silk Road Mediterranean20
164220397285 Pillars of IslamDeclaration of faith Obligatory prayer Compulsory giving Fasting in the month of Ramadan Pilgrimage to Mecca21
16422059251Ways Islam SpreadTrade Conquest Diasporic communities Pilgrimage to Mecca Sufi Missionaries22
16422080768Key terms from Islamic CaliphatesJizya House of Wisdom Sufi Mystics Battle of Tours Cordoba Baghdad23
16422086958Jizya TaxNon Muslims had to pay it in exchange for protection and keeping their religion24
16422097158House of Wisdom in BaghdadLarge Islamic-based Library and learning center. Focus of conversion of Greek and Roman classics and Indian learning into Arabic. Preserved knowledge in Abbasid Caliphate25
16422103754Sufi MysticsVisited conquered/converted lands and attempted to bring popularity for Islam. They didn't follow strict doctrine styles like scholars but emphasized piety and devotion to Allah. They said other traditional deities were manifestations of Allah. Due to their flexible style of conversion, they were not as hated upon like doctrinaire campaigners.26
16422140800Battle of ToursEuropean armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe27
16422143475CordobaCapital of Muslim Spain, an economic center, hundreds of workshops, culture and learning flourished there28
16422149060BaghdadCapital of Abbasid dynasty located in Iraq near ancient Persian capital of Ctesiphon. Center for House of Wisdom29
16422160529Umayyad DynastyCapital - Damascus Language - Arabic Type of Islam - Sunni Area Conquered - North Africa, Spain30
16422169638Abbasid CaliphateCapital - Baghdad Language - Persian Type of Islam - Shia Area Conquered - West Asia, Middle East, Northeast Africa31
16422201838What diffuses or exchanged along trade routesReligion Disease Luxury Goods Technology Culture Knowledge Food32
16422217270Key cities of the Indian Ocean TradeAfrica: Kilwa, Zanzibar, Mombasa, Mozambique India: Calicut, Mumbai SE Asia: Malacca, Java China: Canton Japan: Nagasaki33
16422234919Significance of the Crusades1. Spread Christianity 2. United East Orthodox and Catholic Churches 3. Disease 4. Reopened trade routes34
16422263369Gold Salt Trade EmpiresGhana Mali Songhai35
16422273595Ibn BattutaMoroccan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan.36
16422285613Marco PoloItalian explorer and author. He made numerous trips to China and returned to Europe to write of his journeys. He is responsible for much of the knowledge exchanged between Europe and China during this time period37
16422409450Mansa MusaEmperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East38
16422409451Margery KempeChronicles her pilgrimages to holy sites in Europe and Asia. Claimed to have vision that called her to leave the vanities of the world. Acts as best insight that points to a mid. class female experience in the Middle Ages. Records the tension in late medieval England between orthodoxy and religious dissent.39
16422433669Importance of ArchitectureLegitimize rule Cultural diffusion Shows who ruled when40
16422438823Islamic Political EntitiesSafavid Empire Mughal Empire Umayyad Caliphate Ottoman Empire Mamluk Seljuk Delhi Sultinate Abbasid Caliphate41
16422450775Political States in the AmericasAztec Inca Maya Olmecs Mississippian Civilization Mesa Verde Chaco42
16422487824Aztec EmpireDivine emperor Women leaders Human sacrifice Rituals Chinampas43
16422498057Inca EmpireQuipu Royal ancestor veneration Mita system Human sacrifice Waru waru44
16422508063Waru waruAgricultural techniques of south america; combines raised beds with irrigation channels to prevent erosion45
16422513487QuipuAn arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information46
16422516247Mita systemThe system recruiting workers for particularly difficult and dangerous chores that free laborers would not accept47
16422536390Ottoman EmpireJanissary corps Sultans Trade was nearly regulated Use of art to legitimize rule Tax farming Devshirme48
16422544635SafavidShahs Elaborate court rituals Mullahs Silk fabric/rugs Women face disadvantages Collapsed from constant attacks49
16422560987Columbian Exchange America to EuropeCrops: Tobacco, cacao, potatoes, corn Animals: Turkey, llamas Disease: Syphilis50
16422576534Columbian Exchange Europe to AmericasCrops: Citrus, sugar, bananas, coffee beans Animals: Cattle, horses Disease: Smallpox, influenza, typhus51
16422603856Innovations for tradelateen sails, magnetic compass, dhow, junk, caravan, rudder, astrolabe, camel saddle, caravanserai, flying money52
16422639923Establishing bureaucracies in land based empiresManchu, Mughal, Ottoman, Russian53
16422645630Tax collection of land based empiresBills of exchange Banking houses Hanseatic league Zamindars54
16422660107Foods introduced to America by African slavesWatermelon, okra, coffee55
16422664944Chinese dynastiesQin Han Sui Tang Song Yuan Ming Qing56
16422675619Mughal leadersBabur, Akbar, Shah Janan57
16422685838AshokaLeader of the Mauryan dynasty of India who conquered most of India but eventually gave up violence and converted to Buddhism58
16422688351ConstantineEmperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians59
16422688352VladimirRussian ruler who chose Byzantine Christianity as the official religion of the Russian state (Kiev Rus)60
16422695840Slave resistance in empiresPugachev (Russian peasants) Stono Rebellion61
16422703423Continuities in ChinaScholar gentry, ancestor veneration, filial piety, mandate of heaven, tributary system, exam system, maritime and silk road trade, confuciansim62
16422724782Theravada BuddhismThe oldest of the two major branches of Buddhism. Practiced mainly in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Burma, and Cambodia, its beliefs are relatively conservative, holding close to the original teachings of the Buddha63
16422815336Mahayana BuddhismThe focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightenment. Located in China and Tibet64
16422837093Vajrayana BuddhismFormed in Tibet; a mixture of indigenous religion and Buddhism; emphasizes the physical body65
16422845037Empires that relied on mercenariesRome, Qin, Han, Byzantine, Carthage, Ottoman66
16422850617Important groups in empiresMughals: Zamindars, Rajput Princes Ottoman: Devshirme/Janissary Russian: Hanseatic League China: Manchu Safavid: Mullahs67
16422884456Different types of missionariesCatholic, Jesuits, Orthodox Church, Sufis68
16422890449Monumental architectureTaj Mahal, Palace of Versailles, Hagia Sophia, St Petersberg69
16422898859Religion LegitimacyZheng He voyages, Mansa Musa, Missionaries70
16422903978Art LegitimacyMiniature paintings, imperial portraits71
16422911637Joint Stock CompaniesBusinesses formed by groups of people who jointly make an investment and share in the profits and losses. British East India, Dutch East India, Virginia East India72
16422920492Syncretic religionsDin-I-Ilha Sikhism Voodoo Neoconfuciansim73
16422930085Control of Indian Ocean TradeDutch, India, British, Spain, Portugal, Muslim74
16422942209Silver Inflation in...Ottoman, India, China75
16422945616Most Valuable Cash Crops in AmericasSugar, tobacco, cotton76
16422949185RebellionsManchus, cossacks, samurai revolts, slave in Caribbean77
16422954146Luxury Trade GoodsSilk, porcalain, gold, silver, spices, ivory78
16422958681Class system areasCast - Spain, Portugal Feudalsim - Europe Japan (Shogun, daiymo)79
16422971531Slave destinations in order of percentageCaribbean Brazil Americas80
16422984876Types of coerced labor systemsMita system, encomienda, slaves81
16422988172Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?Coal, engineers, machinists, technological advances, agricultural techniques82
16422997168Problems with urbanizationDisease, overpopulation, crime, pollution, deforestation, child and women labor in factories83
16423005483Chartist movementIn 19th century Britain, members of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men; increased political participation84
16423023877Bismark and GermanyIn order to unify Germany, he created a public pension system, public health care, and a "parliament"85
16423030320Political philosophies of the industrial ageAnarchism Utopian socialism Capitalism Classical liberalism86
16423040426Workers collective bargain forWorking conditions, limit hours, gain higher wages87

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