AP Psychology AP Review Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13855723570 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 13855723571 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 13855723572 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 13855723573 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 13855723574 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 13855723575 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 13855723576 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 13855723577 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 13855723578 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 13855723579 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 13855723580 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 13855723581 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 13855723582 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 13855723583 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 13855723584 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 13855723585 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 13855723586 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 13855723587 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 13855723588 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 13855723589 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 13855723590 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 13855723591 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 13855723592 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 13855723593 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 13855723594 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 13855723595 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 13855723596 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 13855723597 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 13855723598 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 13855723599 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 13855723600 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 13855723601 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 13855723602 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 13855723603 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 13855723604 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 13855723605 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 13855723606 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 13855723607 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 13855723608 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 13855723609 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 13855723610 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 13855723611 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 13855723612 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 13855723806 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 13855723613 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 13855723614 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 13855723615 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 13855723616 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 13855723617 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 13855723618 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 13855723619 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 13855723620 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 13855723621 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 13855723622 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 13855723623 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 13855723624 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 13855723625 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 13855723626 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 13855723627 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 13855723628 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 13855723629 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 13855723630 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 13855723631 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 13855723632 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 13855723633 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 13855723634 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 13855723635 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 13855723636 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 13855723637 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 13855723638 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 13855723639 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 13855723640 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 13855723641 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 13855723642 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 13855723643 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 13855723644 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 13855723645 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 13855723646 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 13855723647 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 13855723648 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 13855723649 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 13855723650 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 13855723651 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 13855723652 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 13855723653 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 13855723654 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 13855723655 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 13855723656 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 13855723657 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 13855723658 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 13855723659 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 13855723660 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 13855723661 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 13855723662 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 13855723663 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 13855723664 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 13855723665 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 13855723666 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 13855723667 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 13855723668 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 13855723669 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 13855723670 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 13855723671 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 13855723672 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 13855723673 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 13855723674 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 13855723675 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 13855723676 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 13855723677 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 13855723678 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 13855723679 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 13855723680 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 13855723681 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 13855723682 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 13855723683 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 13855723684 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 13855723685 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 13855723686 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 13855723687 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 13855723688 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 13855723689 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 13855723690 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 13855723691 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 13855723692 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 13855723693 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 13855723694 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 13855723695 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 13855723696 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 13855723697 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 13855723698 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 13855723699 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 13855723700 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 13855723701 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 13855723702 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 13855723703 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 13855723704 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 13855723705 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 13855723706 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 13855723707 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 13855723708 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 13855723709 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 13855723710 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 13855723711 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 13855723712 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 13855723713 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 13855723714 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 13855723715 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 13855723716 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 13855723717 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 13855723718 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 13855723719 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 13855723720 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 13855723721 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 13855723722 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 13855723723 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 13855723724 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 13855723725 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 13855723726 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 13855723727 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 13855723728 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 13855723729 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 13855723730 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 13855723731 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 13855723732 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 13855723733 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 13855723734 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 13855723735 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 13855723736 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 13855723737 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 13855723738 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 13855723739 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 13855723740 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 13855723741 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 13855723742 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 13855723743 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 13855723744 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 13855723745 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 13855723746 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 13855723747 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 13855723748 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 13855723749 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 13855723750 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 13855723751 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 13855723752 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 13855723753 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 13855723754 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 13855723755 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 13855723756 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 13855723757 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 13855723758 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 13855723759 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 13855723760 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 13855723761 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 13855723762 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 13855723763 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 13855723764 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 13855723765 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 13855723766 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 13855723767 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 13855723768 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 13855723769 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 13855723770 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 13855723771 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 13855723772 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 13855723773 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 13855723774 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 13855723775 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 13855723776 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 13855723777 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 13855723778 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 13855723779 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 13855723780 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 13855723781 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 13855723782 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 13855723783 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 13855723784 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 13855723785 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 13855723786 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 13855723787 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 13855723788 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 13855723789 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 13855723790 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 13855723791 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 13855723792 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 13855723793 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 13855723794 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 13855723795 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 13855723796 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 13855723797 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 13855723798 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 13855723799 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 13855723800 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 13855723801 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 13855723802 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 13855723803 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
ap language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 8173919316 | stipulate | to make an agreement or covenant to do or forbear something | 0 | |
| 8173923848 | teetoaler | a person who never drinks alcohol | 1 | |
| 8173926455 | menace | a person or thing that is likely to cause harm; a threat or danger | 2 | |
| 8173933093 | ferocious | exhibiting or given to extreme fierceness and unrestrained violence and brutality | 3 | |
| 8173936634 | subsidize | to purchase the assistance of by payment of a subsidy | 4 | |
| 8173945015 | improbable | unlikely to be true or to happen | 5 | |
| 8173948189 | deploy | to organize and send out(people or thing) to be used for a particular purpose; to open up and spread out the parts of something | 6 | |
| 8173952046 | Assiduously | showing great care, attention, and effort | 7 | |
| 8173955212 | Hallucination | an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present. | 8 | |
| 8173957003 | Resurrect | to raise from the dead | 9 | |
| 8173960490 | Lore | a particular body of knowledge or tradition | 10 | |
| 8173963187 | Fortification | a defensive wall or other reinforcement built to strengthen a place against attack | 11 | |
| 8173966798 | Demur | raise doubts or objections or show reluctance | 12 | |
| 8173970400 | Optimize | make the best or most effective use of (a situation, opportunity, or resource). | 13 | |
| 8173974154 | Amortize | gradually write off the initial cost of (an asset). | 14 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
Flashcards
ap world history dark ages Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 12050796411 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 0 | |
| 12050796412 | Pope | the bishop of Rome, head of the Roman Catholic Church | 1 | |
| 12050796413 | king | highest-ranking leader of a group of people | 2 | |
| 12050796414 | lord | In feudal Europe, a person who controlled land and could therefore grant estates to vassals | 3 | |
| 12050796415 | Knight | A man who received honor and land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier. | 4 | |
| 12050796416 | Chivalry | Code of conduct for knights during the Middle Ages | 5 | |
| 12050796417 | peasants | people who worked the land or served the nobles | 6 | |
| 12050796418 | Serfs | Workers who were tied to the land on which they lived | 7 | |
| 12050796419 | Vassal | a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance. | 8 | |
| 12050796420 | Manor System | economic plan by which a knight allowed peasants to farm land on his estate in return for food or other payment | 9 | |
| 12050796421 | emperor | the ruler of an empire | 10 | |
| 12050796422 | Shogun | A general who ruled Japan in the emperor's name | 11 | |
| 12050796423 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai | 12 | |
| 12050796424 | Samurai | Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land. | 13 | |
| 12050796425 | Bushido | The Feudal Japanese code of honor among the warrior class. | 14 | |
| 12050796426 | Shinto | A Japanese religion whose followers believe that all things in the natural world are filled with divine spirits | 15 | |
| 12050796427 | Zen Buddhism | Known as Chan Buddhism in China; stressed meditation and the appreciation of natural and artistic beauty | 16 | |
| 12050796428 | ordeal | a difficult or painful experience, a trial | 17 | |
| 12050796429 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 18 | |
| 12050796430 | Theodora | the wife of Justinian, she helped to improve the status of women in the Byzantinian Empire and encouraged her husband to stay in Constntinople and fight the Nike Revolt. | 19 | |
| 12050796431 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world. | 20 | |
| 12050796432 | Bede | Father of English History | 21 | |
| 12050796433 | St. Benedict | a man who developed the monastic way of life in western Europe | 22 | |
| 12050796434 | Moors | Spanish Muslims | 23 | |
| 12050796435 | Charles Martel "The Hammer" | King of the Franks; made an alliance with Pope Gregory II; Promised to protect Boniface's missionary work; Held off the Muslim invaders at the Battle of Tours in 732. | 24 | |
| 12050796436 | Abdul Rahman | Fought against Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours. | 25 | |
| 12050796437 | 732 Battle of Tours | Fought between Frankish forces under Charles Martel and an army of the Umayyad caliphate. Characterized as the turning point in the struggle of Christianity against the spread of Islam. A landmark of the Muslim advance into Europe. Lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire and Frankish domination of Gaul for over a century. This dynasty led to the rule of Charlemagne and all of the effects he had on European history. | 26 | |
| 12050796438 | Bloody Verdict of Verdun | shows the brutality of the time period - Charlemagne put to death 4500 tribal leaders who would not convert to Christianity | 27 | |
| 12050796439 | Alfred the Great | first great king of England | 28 | |
| 12050796440 | Peace of God and Truce of God | oath that forbade fighting on Sundays and primary feast days | 29 |
Flashcards
AP English Language and Composition Tone Words by Definition Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10973384769 | eulogistic | involving formal praise in speech or writing, usually for the dead | 0 | |
| 10973384770 | grave | something serious or solemn | 1 | |
| 10973384771 | pensive | dreamily thoughtful | 2 | |
| 10973384772 | pious | displaying a reverence for God | 3 | |
| 10973384773 | venerative | regarding with reverence | 4 | |
| 10973384774 | fervent | warmth; intensity of spirit | 5 | |
| 10973384775 | giddy | frivolous; lighthearted | 6 | |
| 10973384776 | laudatory | containing and expressing praise | 7 | |
| 10973384777 | elegiac | of, relating to, or involving mourning or expressing sorrow | 8 | |
| 10973384778 | lugubrious | mournful, dismal, gloomy, especially to a ludicrous degree | 9 | |
| 10973384779 | bantering | good-humored, playful in conversation | 10 | |
| 10973384780 | cynical | tendency to believe human behavior is selfish and opportunistic | 11 | |
| 10973384781 | derisive | ridiculing, mocking | 12 | |
| 10973384782 | facetious | lightly amusing; unserious; frivolous, especially at the wrong time | 13 | |
| 10973384783 | farcical | comedic with high exaggeration | 14 | |
| 10973384784 | flippant | lacking in seriousness; disrespectfully casual; uncaring | 15 | |
| 10973384785 | ludicrous | ridiculous; laughable; outlandish; silly | 16 | |
| 10973384786 | mock-heroic | satiric imitation of heroic traits | 17 | |
| 10973384787 | sardonic | scornfully or cynically mocking; sarcastic | 18 | |
| 10973384788 | satiric | characterized by satire | 19 | |
| 10973384789 | wry | satiric; bitter | 20 | |
| 10973384790 | choleric | easily angered | 21 | |
| 10973384791 | indignant | marked by anger; aroused by justice | 22 | |
| 10973384792 | inflammatory | likely to stir up anger or trouble | 23 | |
| 10973384793 | vexed | annoyed; irritated; distressed | 24 | |
| 10973384794 | blithe | joyous, merry, glad | 25 | |
| 10973384795 | euphoric | beyond earthly happiness | 26 | |
| 10973384796 | jocund | cheery, joyful, and happy | 27 | |
| 10973384797 | whimsical | playful; humorous or fanciful; unpredictable | 28 | |
| 10973384798 | bemused | preoccupied; deep in thought | 29 | |
| 10973384799 | expectant | having expectations | 30 | |
| 10973384800 | antagonistic | hostile, unfriendly | 31 | |
| 10973384801 | belligerent | aggressively hostile; warlike | 32 | |
| 10973384802 | vitriolic | scathing or bitter | 33 | |
| 10973384803 | apprehensive | uneasy about the future | 34 | |
| 10973384804 | diffident | timid; reserved in manner | 35 | |
| 10973384805 | fatalistic | in the belief that everything is predetermined and out of our hands | 36 | |
| 10973384806 | foreboding | to have inward conviction of | 37 | |
| 10973384807 | stark | plain; harsh; bleak or grim | 38 | |
| 10973384808 | timorous | timid | 39 | |
| 10973384809 | effusive | unrestrained and excessive in emotional expression | 40 | |
| 10973384810 | picturesque | strikingly expressive or vivid | 41 | |
| 10973384811 | sentimental | colored by emotion rather than realism | 42 | |
| 10973384812 | convoluted | very complicated or involved | 43 | |
| 10973384813 | abstract | theoretical; without reference to specifics | 44 | |
| 10973384814 | allusive | characterized by indirect references | 45 | |
| 10973384815 | classical | formal; standard; traditional | 46 | |
| 10973384816 | cogent | convincing; reasonable | 47 | |
| 10973384817 | cultured | high degree or taste | 48 | |
| 10973384818 | epistolary | involving letters | 49 | |
| 10973384819 | erudite | learned; scholarly | 50 | |
| 10973384820 | idiomatic | peculiar to a particular language | 51 | |
| 10973384821 | urbane | sophisticated | 52 | |
| 10973384822 | acerbic | sharp or sour | 53 | |
| 10973384823 | bombastic | pretentious and pompous | 54 | |
| 10973384824 | brusque | blunt | 55 | |
| 10973384825 | callous | emotionally hardened | 56 | |
| 10973384826 | condescending | in a patronizing, degrading manner | 57 | |
| 10973384827 | contemptuous | scornful, expressing in disgrace | 58 | |
| 10973384828 | contentious | involving or likely to cause contention | 59 | |
| 10973384829 | disdainful | scornful | 60 | |
| 10973384830 | evasive | tending or intending to evade | 61 | |
| 10973384831 | haughty | proud and vain to the point of arrogance | 62 | |
| 10973384832 | iconoclastic | inclined to attack cherished beliefs and emotions | 63 | |
| 10973384833 | imperious | arrogantly domineering; overbearing | 64 | |
| 10973384834 | insolent | rude; not showing proper respect; arrogant | 65 | |
| 10973384835 | irreverent | showing disrespect for things that are normally respected | 66 | |
| 10973384836 | patronizing | to treat in a condescending manner | 67 | |
| 10973384837 | petulant | easily irritated or annoyed | 68 | |
| 10973384838 | pretentious | exaggerated show of dignity or importance | 69 | |
| 10973384839 | provocative | tending to provoke | 70 | |
| 10973384840 | strident | loud, harsh, and unpleasantly noisy | 71 | |
| 10973384841 | aloof | indifferent, disinterested | 72 | |
| 10973384842 | banal | pointless and uninteresting | 73 | |
| 10973384843 | detached | disinterested; unbiased | 74 | |
| 10973384844 | objective | uninfluenced by emotions | 75 | |
| 10973384845 | restrained | held back; deprived | 76 | |
| 10973384846 | stolid | having or revealing little emotion | 77 | |
| 10973384847 | turgid | pompous; excessively ornate or complex in style or language | 78 | |
| 10973384848 | ambiguous | doubtful, uncertain from obscurity or indistinctiveness | 79 | |
| 10973384849 | incredulous | unbelieving | 80 | |
| 10973384850 | skeptical | showing doubt | 81 | |
| 10973384851 | tentative | in an unsure state of mind | 82 | |
| 10973384852 | ambivalent | mixture of opposite feelings | 83 | |
| 10973384853 | obscure | not clearly expressed; ambiguous or vague | 84 | |
| 10973384854 | pedantic | concerned with unimportant details | 85 | |
| 10973384855 | austere | stern; strict; frugal | 86 | |
| 10973384856 | didactic | inclined to teach or moralize (often excessively) | 87 | |
| 10973384857 | moralistic | concerned with principles of morality | 88 | |
| 10973384858 | puritanical | strict or severe in matters of morality | 89 | |
| 10973384859 | candid | open and sincere; straightforward; honest | 90 | |
| 10973384860 | colloquial | ordinary and informal (usually refers to conversation) | 91 | |
| 10973384861 | homespun | simple and homely | 92 | |
| 10973384862 | insipid | vapid; bland | 93 | |
| 10973384863 | lucid | easily understood; clear | 94 | |
| 10973384864 | mundane | ordinary; common; everyday | 95 | |
| 10973384865 | terse | effectively concise; brief | 96 | |
| 10973384866 | audacious | fearless; recklessly daring; unrestrained; insolent | 97 | |
| 10973384867 | baroque | elaborate; ornamental | 98 | |
| 10973384868 | cinematic | having the qualities of a motion picture | 99 | |
| 10973384869 | conciliatory | agreeable; characterized by appeasement | 100 | |
| 10973384870 | crepuscular | having to do with shadowy areas (usually has to do with humanity) | 101 | |
| 10973384871 | decadent | marked by a decay in morals and values; indulgent | 102 | |
| 10973384872 | discursive | moving pointlessly from one subject to another; rambling | 103 | |
| 10973384873 | evocative | having the ability to call forth memories or other responses | 104 | |
| 10973384874 | lethargic | slow; sluggish | 105 | |
| 10973384875 | petty | lesser; minor | 106 | |
| 10973384876 | provincial | limited in perspective; self-centered | 107 | |
| 10973384877 | prurient | preoccupied with lewd and lustful thoughts | 108 | |
| 10973384878 | self-concerning | aware of oneself as an individual; not confident | 109 | |
| 10973384879 | sepulchral | pertaining to burial | 110 | |
| 10973384880 | transitory | short-lived; temporary | 111 | |
| 10973384881 | trite | stale; worn out; overused | 112 | |
| 10973384882 | zealous | highly motivated; fervent | 113 |
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