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AP Gov Chapter 11 Flashcards

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12653101785incumbentsthose individuals who already hold office who are running for reelection. they usually win the election0
12653101786casework/ constituent servicesactivities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals, particularly by cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get1
12653101787pork barrelfederal projects, grants, and contracts available to state and local governments, businesses, colleges, and other institutions in a congressional district2
12653101788bicameral legislaturea legislature divided into houses. congress and all state legislatures except Nebraska's are this3
12653101789House Rules Committeethe committee in the House that reviews most bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full house4
12653101790filibustera strategy only in the Senate where opponents of a piece of legislation use their right to unlimited debate to prevent the Senate form ever voting on a bill5
12653101791Speaker of the Housean office mandated by the Constitution. example: Paul Ryan6
12653101792majority leaderthe principle partisan all of the Speaker of the House or the majority party's manager in the Senate. responsible for scheduling bills, influencing committee assignments, and rounding up votes on behalf of the party's legislative positions7
12653101793whipparty leaders who work with the majority leader to count voted beforehand and lean on waverers whose votes are crucial to the passage of a favored bill8
12653101794minority leaderprincipal leader of the minority part in the House or Senate9
12653101795standing committeescommittees in each house of Congress that handle bills in different policy areas10
12653101796joint committeescommittees on a few subject-matter areas with membership drawn from both houses11
12653101797conference committeescommittees formed when the Senate and the House pass a bill in different forms. members create a compromise bill12
12653101798select committeescommittees appointed for a specific purpose, such as the Watergate investigation13
12653101799oversightcongress's monitoring of the executive branch bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly through committee hearings14
12653101800committee chairsleader of committees who schedule hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full house; have important influence on the congressional agenda15
12653101801seniority systema simple rule for picking committee chairs by the member who has served on the committee the longest and whose party controls the chamber becoming chair16
12653101802caucusa group of members of congress sharing some interest or characteristic17
12653101803billa proposed law drafted in legal language18
12653101804bipartisanof or involving the agreement or cooperation of two political parties that usually oppose each other's policies.19
12653101805Christmas Tree Billreferring to a bill that attracts many, often unrelated, floor amendments20
12653101806closed ruleis a procedural maneuver that prohibits any amendments to bills up for a vote on the House floor, unless they are recommended by the committee reporting the bill21
12653101807cloturea procedure for ending a debate and taking a vote.22
12653101808consitutentbeing a voting member of a community or organization and having the power to appoint or elect23
12653101809delegatea person sent or authorized to represent others, in particular an elected representative sent to a conference24
12653101810discharge petitiona means of bringing a bill out of committee and to the floor for consideration without a report from the committee by "discharging" the committee from further consideration of a bill or resolution25
12653101811earmarka congressional directive that funds should be spent on a specific project26
12653101812Franking Privilegeallows Members of Congress to transmit mail matter under their signature without postage27
12653101813policy generalistshave vague and general ideals on policies28
12653101814policy specialistsparticular subject and become a subject matter expert to know about the laws and government in that area29
12653101815open rulea set of regulations for debate on the floor of the House of Representatives which permits general debate and allows members to offer amendments30
12653101816overrideuse one's authority to reject or cancel31
12653101817partisanstrong allegiance to one's own political party, often leading to unwillingness to compromise with members of the opposing party32
12653101818party caucusA meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy33
12653101819pocket vetoA form of veto in which the president fails to sign a bill passed by both houses within ten days and Congress has adjourned during that time34
12653101820president pro temporea high-ranking senator of the majority party who presides over the US Senate in the absence of the vice president35
12653101821reapportionmentRedistribution of representation in a legislative body, especially the periodic re-allotment of US congressional seats according to changes in the census figures as required by the Constitution36
12653101822redistrictingdivide or organize into new political districts37
12653101823resolutiona firm decision to do or not to do something38
12653101824concurrent resolutiona resolution adopted by both houses of a legislative assembly that does not require the signature of the chief executive and that does not have the force of law39
12653101825rideran additional provision added to a bill or other measure under the consideration by a legislature, having little connection with the subject matter of the bill40
12653101826safe seatAn elected office that is predictably won by one party or the other, so the success of that party's candidate is almost taken for granted41
12653101827senatorial courtesya system in which the president submits the name of a candidate for judicial appointment to the senators from the candidate's state before formally submitting it for full senate approval42
12653101828trusteecongressmen who use their own best interest43
12653101829mark-upprocess by which a U.S congressional committee or state legislative session debates, amends, and rewrites proposed legislation44
12653101830logrollinglegislator supports a proposal favored by another in return for support in his or her45
12653101831power, salary, and health benefitswhy would someone want to be a congressman?46
1265310183225 years old and citizen for 7 yearsrequirements to be a US House representative47
1265310183330 years old and citizen for 9 yearsrequirements to be US Senator48
12653101834reside in statecharacteristic required for both House and Senate members49
12653101835nois the makeup of congress proportional to American society?50
12653101836noare men and women seen equally in elections?51
12653101837election of incumbentwhat is the most predictable aspect of congressional elections?52
12653101838yesare incumbents successful in reelection bids?53
12653101839scandal/corruption, gerrymandering, and party favor flipswhen are incumbents most vulnerable at election time?54
12653101840senateis filibustering in the Senate or House?55
12653101841House Rules Committee in the House and filibustering in the Senatewhat is a major difference in passing a bill between senate and House56
12653101842conference, joint, standing, special/selectname all the committees in congress57
12653101843long termare standing committees long term or short term?58
12653101844bothare joint committees long term or short term?59
12653101845short termare conference committees long term or short term?60
12653101846long termare special/ select committees long term or short term?61
12653101847anyonewho can write a bill?62
12653101848an elected memberwho can purpose a bill to congress?63
12653101849white house and interest groupswhere does congress get ideas for bills?64
12653101850polarized politicsrefers to the divergence of political attitudes to ideological extremes65
12653101851listen, ignore, or ideologywhat are the three "roles" legislators can play when deciding their position on a policy?66
12653101852lobbyistsformer congress members who take part in trying to influence legislators67
12653101853435how many representatives in the House?68
12653101854100how many senators?69
12653101855descriptive representationrepresenting constituents by reflecting their personal, politically relevant characteristics70
12653101856substantive representationspeak for the interests of groups to which they do not belong71
12653101857childcare, bias, consideration of riskwhy are there not more women running/elected for congress?72
12653101858advertising, credit claiming, position taking, weak opponents, and campaign spendingname the five advantages of incumbency73
12653101859when an incumbent is not runningwhen does the most overturn occur?74
12653101860the Housewhere do bills dealing with revenue originate?75
1265310186160how many votes are required for cloture?76
12653101862by the majority partyhow is the Speaker of the House elected?77
12653101863vice presidentwho is president of the senate?78
12653101864majority leaderwho is the most powerful leader in the senate?79
12653101865ways and means committeecommittee that deals with taxes for the House80
12653101866rules committeecommittee that creates rule for the House81
12653101867what do my constituents want?what do delegates think of when they are participating in law?82
12653101868combonationwhat do politicos think of when they are participating in law?83
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AP World History Chapter 28 Multiple Choice Flashcards

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9318595226In what year were Russian serfs emancipated? a. 1861 b. 1914 c. 1868 d. 1831 e. 1854a.0
9318595227What war in the mid-19th century demonstrated Russia's widening gap with the West? a. Crimean War b. Russo-Turkish War c. Napoleon's invasion of Russia d. Sepoy rebellion e. Russo-Japanese Wara.1
9318595228What was the general goal of the Russian intelligentsia? a. Restriction of civil liberties, honor and deference to the emperor, retention of Russian culture b. Political freedom, social reform, and retention of Russian culture c. Political freedom, retention of the social hierarchy, and increased Westernization d. Globally competitive economy e. Radical Westernization as part of a program of increased industrializationb.2
9318595229All of the following were reforms introduced in Russia in the 1860s and 1870s EXCEPT a. the issuance of new law codes that cut back traditional punishments. b. the creation of local political councils, the zemstvoes. c. reorganization of the military. d. the creation of the Duma, a national parliament. e. technical legal freedom for the peasants.d.3
9318595230Peasants who responded to the reforms of 1905 by engaging in entrepreneurial activity including increasing production and buying up land were called a. Marxists. b. kulaks. c. zemstvoes. d. soviets. e. anarchists.b.4
9318595231Which of the following statements about Russian Marxism is most accurate? a. Marxist doctrines were most applicable to an agrarian economy, not an industrial society. b. Marxist insistence on careful revolutionary organization and a focus on the working class were rapidly assimilated by anarchists and peasant groups. c. Marxist doctrines were not imported from the West, but originated among the Russian intelligentsia. d. Lenin was dedicated to the mass electioneering typical of Western socialist parties. e. Lenin introduced important innovations in Marxist theory, including the idea that a proletarian revolution could take place without going through a middle-class phase.e.5
9318595232What minister was responsible for enacting reforms for the peasantry following the revolution of 1905? a. Prince Gortchakov b. Alexi Romanov c. Grigori Rasputin d. Count Witte e. Piotyr Stolypine.6
9318595233Which of the following statements concerning the emancipation of the serfs in Russia is most accurate? a. The emancipation of the serfs destroyed the Russian aristocracy. b. Few serfs were really emancipated due to the conditions imposed on their release. c. Following emancipation, peasants were free to move about Russia as they pleased leading to massive movements of agricultural labor. d. In addition to personal freedom, the serfs were granted parcels of land subject to redemption payments. e. Emancipation of the serfs loosened the grip of the tsarist state.d.7
9318595234Which of the following was present during the Russian program of industrialization? a. Rich natural resources b. A highly educated work force c. A large middle class d. Small, but efficient, factories e. Attitudinal change among workers similar to the Westa.8
9318595235Lenin's approach was adopted by the groups of Russian Marxists known as a. Mensheviks. b. Decembrists. c. Zemstvoes. d. anarchists. e. Bolsheviks.e.9
9318595236What tsar began the process of reform in the 19th century? a. Nicholas I b. Peter the Great c. Alexander II d. Nicholas II e. Alexander Ic.10
9318595237Failure in what war led to the Russian Revolution of 1905? a. Crimean b. Sino-Japanese c. Russo-Japanese d. World War I e. Russo-Turkishc.11
9318595238Which of the following religions gained new adherents in industrialized Japan? a. Confucianism b. Shinto c. Buddhism d. Judaism e. Christianityb.12
9318595239Which of the following statements concerning the development of Russia and Japan to 1900 is NOT accurate? a. Both Russia and Japan achieved economic autonomy and a share in the West's core position. b. Russia and Japan did launch significant industrialization by 1914. c. Both nations gained sufficient power to wield important political and military influence in the colonial scramble. d. Japan outstripped Russia's industrial gains by 1900. e. Neither Russia nor Japan rivaled the industrial might of the West by 1900.a.13
9318595240What nations were linked together in the Holy Alliance that grouped conservative monarchies together in defense of religion and the status quo in 1815? a. Britain, France, Spain b. France, Britain, Italy c. Russia, Prussia, Austria d. Austria, Japan, Russia e. Spain, Russia, Polandc.14
9318595241The Russian minister of finance from 1892 to 1903 responsible for much economic modernization was a. General Kuropatkin. b. Count Witte. c. Gregor Mendel. d. Piotyr Stolypin. e. Klemenz von Metternich.b.15
9318595242Which of the following was NOT a 19th-century Russian novelist? a. Pavlov b. Tolstoy c. Turgenev d. Gogol e. Dostoevskya.16
9318595243Which of the following was NOT a consideration in the reform of serfdom? a. Periodic peasant uprisings focused on lack of freedom, undue obligations, and lack of land b. The preservation of aristocratic power c. The development of a vigorous and mobile labor force d. A desire to meet Western humanitarian standards e. An attempt to sweep away the tightly knit peasant communities on which serfdom dependede.17
9318595244Which of the following groups in Tokugawa Japan advocated interest in Western scientific advance? a. National Studies group b. Confucian scholars c. Dutch Studies group d. Shinto priests e. Buddhist scholarsc.18
9318595245Which of the following statements concerning Japanese industrialization prior to World War I is correct? a. Japan lagged far behind the West industrially. b. Japan's work force was among the highest paid in the world. c. Abundant natural resources made Japan virtually self-sufficient as an industrialized nation. d. By 1914, Japan had reached the level of industrialization found in the West. e. Japan needed exports to pay for machine and resource imports.e.19
9318595246Which of the following statements best describes the Russian economy at the beginning of the 19th century? a. Russia had achieved economic autonomy in the 18th century, although most of eastern Europe remained largely agricultural. b. The Russian economy was geographically oriented to the Ottoman Empire, a feature of the Mongol domination of Russia until the 15th century. c. Russian heavy industry accounted for nearly all its economic growth. d. Russia's economic dynamism and innovation rivaled that of the West. e. In return for low-cost grain exports, Russia and other east European areas imported Western luxury goods for aristocrats to display as badges of respectability.e.20
9318595247In what year was a new emperor, Mutsuhito, but commonly called "Meiji" or "Enlightened One," proclaimed, signaling the end of a major political crisis? a. 1914 b. 1854 c. 1875 d. 1868 e. 1889d.21
9318595248Which of the following was NOT a sign of significant social stress in industrialized Japan? a. Disputes between generations over Westernization b. Growth of nationalism c. Racial unrest d. Growth of urban slums e. The increasing freedom and political influence of womene.22
9318595249One of the major similarities between Japanese and Russian industrialization was the fact that a. neither was able to complete construction of a railway system. b. both lacked natural resources. c. a small group of independent entrepreneurs led to movement in each case. d. neither had any experience of cultural exchange with the West. e. scarce capital and unfamiliarity of new technology compelled state direction.e.23
9318595250What was the chief political method used by the anarchists to achieve reform? a. Political rallies b. Non-violent protest c. Strikes d. Terrorism e. Voter registrationd.24
9318595251Which of the following statements concerning Tokugawa intellectual and cultural life is most accurate? a. Japanese literature reached its zenith during the last decades of the Tokugawa Shogunate. b. Literacy in Japan reached levels higher than anywhere else outside the West. c. The Tokugawa placed little emphasis on learning and intellectual development. d. Confucianism rapidly lost ground to Buddhism as the major religious and ethical basis for Japanese society. e. Japan continued to be largely imitative of conservative Chinese intellectual currents rather than developing dynamic ethical and philosophical systems.b.25
9318595252By 1900, how successful was the Russian industrialization program? a. Russia was unable to industrialize any of its larger businesses or regions. b. By 1900, Russia had surged to fourth rank in the world in steel production and was second to the United States in the newer area of petroleum production. c. Despite massive programs of forced labor and extensive government subsidies, the Russian program of industrialization failed. d. Russian industrialization progressed slowly and by 1900 had reached tenth in the world in terms of steel production. e. Without access to plentiful raw materials, Russia was dependent on constant territorial acquisitions to fuel its lagging industrial program.b.26
9318595253Huge industrial combines put together in Japan by the 1890s were called a. zaibatsus. b. haiku. c. zemstvoes. d. terakoya. e. khitan.a.27
9318595254Of the following regions, which defied the common pattern of growing Western domination in the 19th century? a. The Ottoman Empire b. Latin America c. Eastern Europe d. West Africa e. Russia and Japane.28
9318595255What was the first step toward industrialization in Russia? a. The construction of factories b. The development of the mining sector c. The end of the grain trade with the West d. Mechanization of agriculture e. The creation of an extensive system of railwayse.29
9318595256Which of the following statements concerning Russian territorial expansion is most accurate? a. Western powers actively aided Russia's pursuit of territories in the Ottoman Empire. b. Russia expanded rapidly south of Alaska to Oregon and east to Utah. c. Russia actively opposed nationalist movements in the Balkans in keeping with its conservative tradition. d. No massive acquisitions marked the early 19th century, but Russia continued to be an aggressive competitor for territorial expansion. e. Russia's loss of Poland in the revolt of 1830 stimulated other attempts at territorial expansion.d.30
9318595257All of the following were part of the rising tide of unrest in Russia during the second half of the 19th century EXCEPT a. ethnic minorities. b. peasants. c. the Orthodox church. d. the intelligentsia. e. the industrial workers.c.31
9318595258Which of the following Russian developments was NOT adopted in other east European states? a. Emancipation of serfs b. Economic autonomy from the West c. National parliaments d. Nationalism e. Monarchic forms of governmentb.32
9318595259Which of the following statements concerning Japanese political reforms in the period of the Meiji state is NOT accurate? a. The constitution issued in 1889 assured major prerogatives for the emperor along with limited powers for the lower house of the Diet. b. The bureaucracy was reorganized, insulated from political pressures, and opened to talent on the basis of civil service examinations. c. The Meiji came to power with very little violence due to the influence of the Western powers. d. Samurai, destroyed by the removal of government stipends, were banned from participation in the Meiji Diet. e. Meiji leaders established a new conservative nobility, stocked with former nobles and Meiji leaders that operated a British-style House of Peers.d.33
9318595260Russia's fear about Westernization in the first decades of the 19th century was rooted in a. the French Revolution. b. concern about British invasion. c. German nationalism. d. worry over loss of Poland. e. dislike of Western dress.a.34
9318595261The Duma was a. the Russian national labor union created after the Revolution of 1905. b. a national parliament created in the aftermath of the 1905 revolution. c. the imperial council that took over government after the abdication of the tsar in 1905. d. the confrontation between radical workers and the tsarist army in 1905. e. a system of collective farms for peasants introduced following 1905.b.35
9318595262Which of the following statements concerning the capitalization of Russian industry is most accurate? a. It was the contact with the Japanese that led to an influx of capital for Russian industrialization. b. By 1900 approximately half of Russian industry was foreign-owned by British, German, and French industrialists. c. Capital for Russian investment was almost entirely derived from liquidation of agricultural estates in Russia. d. United States investors were the largest owners of machinery in Russia by 1900. e. Russian industry was capitalized by a substantial middle class that had built up wealth in the grain trade with the West.b.36
9318595263Which of the following was NOT an advantage of Japan over China in the competition to assume leadership and to establish industrialization in Asia? a. Japan already knew the benefits of imitation, which China had never acknowledged. b. Japan had allowed a more autonomous merchant tradition. c. Japan's leadership was less secular and bureaucratic than that of China. d. Western countries were attracted to China first, so Japan had early leeway. e. Feudal traditions limited the heavy hand of government controls while stimulating a sense of competitiveness.c.37
9318595264Which of the following accounts for Russia's lack of significant revolution in 1830 and 1848? a. Major reforms, satisfying most Russians b. Absence of a coercive labor system in Russia left scant cause for rebellion. c. Political repression d. Russia lacked a substantial history of autocracy. e. Like England, Russia's history of participatory government and its national parliament forestalled revolution.c.38
9318595265What was the name of the Russian revolt inspired by Western values in 1825? a. Pugachev rebellion b. The November rebellion c. The Decembrist uprising d. Pushkin's revolt e. Potemkin mutinyc.39
9318595266What accounted for the West's victory over Russia in the Crimean War? a. The war was fought almost entirely at sea where the Russians were unable to bring numerical superiority to bear. b. The war was fought far from Russia, necessitating lengthy lines of communication and supply. c. The Western nations won because of industrial advantages. d. Sardinian and Polish assistance to the Russians was ineffective in the long run. e. Russia was forced to fight an offensive war against entrenched positions.c.40
9318595267Who was responsible for the forced opening of Japan in 1853? a. Admiral Horatio Nelson b. Commodore George Perry c. Captain William Farragut d. Commodore Matthew Perry e. Captain James Cookd.41
9318595268Which of the following Western cultural characteristics was NOT adopted by large numbers of Japanese? a. Standards of hygiene b. Hair styles c. Western calendar d. Work styles e. Christianitye.42
9318595269Which of the following did NOT contribute to working-class radicalism in late 19th-century Russia? a. Severe conditions of early industrialization b. Absence of unions c. Workplace reforms d. The absence of legal political outlets e. Rural unrest and adoption of peasant grievancesb.43
9318595270Which of the following reflects a significant similarity between Japan and Russia during the period of industrialization prior to 1914? a. Both Japan and Russia had prior experience of imitation, Japan from China and Russia from Byzantium and the West. b. Both experienced significant political revolutions. c. Both engaged in territorial acquisitions in the Ottoman Empire. d. Both demonstrated remarkable political flexibility resulting in sweeping transformations of political structure. e. Both had a large industrial labor force coupled with a small agricultural base.a.44
9318595271What was the primary difference between the reformed Japanese government and reformed Russian institutions by 1914? a. Russian institutions were more secular than Japan's. b. Japan's government was elected by a broad majority of the population. c. Japan retained an emperor at the head of government. d. Japan created a national parliament. e. Japan's government had incorporated business leaders into its governing structure.e.45
9318595272Which of the following represents a significant difference between Russia and Japan? a. Only Japan underwent significant political revolution prior to 1914. b. Only Japan experienced Communist uprisings by 1905. c. Russia engaged in selective borrowing from Western models by 1700. d. Only Japan had a significant aristocracy prior to industrialization. e. Only Russia participated in territorial expansion by 1914.c.46
9318595273Which of the following statements concerning the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 19th century is most accurate? a. Increasingly, the Shogunate depended on its long-standing alliances with Western powers to maintain its dominance. b. The Shogunate bureaucracy had been opened to talented commoners, a reform that improved the standing of the government with the masses of the Japanese people. c. By the 19th century, the Tokugawa were able to dispense with the feudal organization of earlier Japan. d. The Shogunate managed its finances carefully, and never carried a deficit. e. The Shogunate continued to combine a central bureaucracy with semi-feudal alliances with regional daimyos and the samurai.e.47
9318595274Russian radicals who sought the abolition of all formal government were called a. socialists. b. Decembrists. c. Latitudinarians. d. anarchists. e. abolitionists.d.48
9318595275What group did the imperial government appeal to in the reforms following the revolution of 1905? a. Marxists b. Conservatives c. Anarchists d. Liberals e. Workers organizationsd.49
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AP Vocab Flashcards

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10771956039Biodiversitythe variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.0
10772025656BiocapacityThe capacity of a country, a region, or the world, to produce useful biological materials for its human population and to absorb waste materials.1
10772143653Biomimicrylearning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organizational situations.2
10772163036chemical cyclingthe use and reuse of chemical elements such as carbon and nitrogen within the ecosystem3
10772170874earth-centered environmental worldviewholds that we are part of, and dependent on, nature and that the earth's life-support system exists for all species, not just for us4
10777781977ecological footprintthe impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.5
10777783553EcologyScientific study of interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment6
10777784628EcosystemA biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.7
10777786477ecosystem servicesthe processes by which life-supporting resources such as clean water, timber, fisheries, and agricultural crops are produced8
10777787737environmentevery non-genetic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us9
10777788485environmental degradationdamage to or destruction of the natural environment. When such damage occurs, habitats are destroyed, biodiversity is lost, or natural resources are used up10
10777792292environmental ethicsthe application of ethical standards to relationships between humans and their environment11
10777794883Environmental ScienceThe field of study that looks at interactions among human systems and those found in nature12
10777799288environmental worldviewA worldview that encompasses how people think the world works, how they view their role in it, and what they believe to be proper behavior regarding the environment.13
10777802466EnvironmentalismA social movement dedicated to protecting the earth's life support systems for us and other species.14
10777815185environmentally sustainable societySociety that meets the current and future needs of its people for basic resources in a just and equitable manner without compromising the ability of future generations of humans and other species from meeting their basic needs.15
10777820867Exhaustible ResourcesA natural resource that cannot be increased by the natural forces of the environment.Ex:petroleum, coal, and natural gas16
10777835547exponential growth17
10777837971Full-cost pricing18
10777840355human-centered environmental worldviewsees the natural world primarily as a support system for human life19
10777842215inexhaustible resourcenatural resource that will not run out, no matter how much of it people use20
10777843114less developed countriescountries at a relatively low level of economic development21
10777902071life-centered environmental worldviewall species have value as participating members of the biosphere, regardless of their potential or actual use to humans22
10777903190More Developed Country23
10777905536natural capitalNatural resources and natural services that keep us and other species alive and support our economies.24
10777907338natural capital degradationoccurs when human activities use renewable resources faster than they can be replenished25
10777909233natural incomeRenewable resources such as plants, animals, and soil provided by natural capital.26
10777909234natural resourcesMaterials or substances such as minerals, forests, water, and fertile land that occur in nature and can be used for economic gain27
10777911658nonrenewable resourcesa resource that cannot be replaced28
10777916048nutrient cyclingThe circulation of chemicals necessary for life, from the environment (mostly from soil and water) through organisms and back to the environment.29
10777916888per capita ecological footprintthe average ecological footprint of an individual in a given country or area30
10777917534povertyInability to meet basic needs for food, clothing, and shelter.31
10777918577renewable resourceA natural resource that can be replaced at the same rate at which the resource is consumed32
10777918578resourceA substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.33
10777920880scientific principles of sustainabilitydependence on solar energy, biodiversity, chemical cycling34
10777923812solar energyenergy from the sun35
10777925019SustainabilityThe ability to keep in existence or maintain. A sustainable ecosystem is one that can be maintained36
10777926376revoultionearth's year round orbit around the sun37
10777931477sustainable yieldHighest rate at which a renewable resource can be used indefinitely without reducing its available supply38
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