AP Spanish Language Review #2 (Conectores) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13765356980 | el medioambiente/ambiental | evironment | 0 | |
| 13765356981 | la sostentabilidad | sustainabilty | 1 | |
| 13765356982 | la ética | Ethics | 2 | |
| 13765356983 | los negocios | business; commerce | 3 | |
| 13765356984 | polémico | controversial | 4 | |
| 13765356985 | marginación | marginalization | 5 | |
| 13765356986 | recursos | resources | 6 | |
| 13765356987 | diversidad | diversity | 7 | |
| 13765356988 | atributos | Attributes | 8 | |
| 13765356989 | desarrollo | development | 9 | |
| 13765356990 | hacerse (se hizo) | to become | 10 | |
| 13765356991 | aceso | access | 11 | |
| 13765356992 | la escasez | shortage | 12 | |
| 13765356993 | la crisis | crisis | 13 | |
| 13765356994 | crecimiento | growth | 14 | |
| 13765356995 | aumentar | to increase | 15 | |
| 13765356996 | el éxito | success | 16 | |
| 13765356997 | inversiones | investments | 17 | |
| 13765356998 | desafío | challenge | 18 | |
| 13765356999 | envejecimiento | aging | 19 | |
| 13765357000 | lanzar | to launch | 20 | |
| 13765357001 | alcanzar | to reach | 21 | |
| 13765357002 | apoyar | to support | 22 | |
| 13765357003 | lograr/ logros | to achieve | 23 | |
| 13765357004 | se puede... | one can | 24 | |
| 13765357005 | si hubiera___ado/ido ho/to | entonces (infinitive +_____ía) | 25 | |
| 13765357006 | Si yo fuera en tu lugar, | yo (conditional.... estudaría más et cetera) ___ía | 26 | |
| 13765357007 | Quiere decir | means | 27 | |
| 13765357008 | o sea | in other words | 28 | |
| 13765357009 | por eso | therefore | 29 | |
| 13765357010 | Creo que | I think that | 30 | |
| 13765357011 | Es obvio que | it's obvious that | 31 | |
| 13765357012 | Dudo que ___subjunctive | I doubt that | 32 | |
| 13765357013 | lo que importa es que ___ subjunctive | The important thing is that____ | 33 | |
| 13765357014 | Lo triste (insert adjective) es que____ | The sad (adjective) part about this is that _____ | 34 | |
| 13765357015 | ¡Qué triste (insert adjective)! | How sad(adjective)! | 35 | |
| 13765357016 | La verdad es que ____ | actually | 36 | |
| 13765357017 | realizar | to perform, to accomplish | 37 | |
| 13765357018 | para empezar (Primero) | to begin with | 38 | |
| 13765357019 | para continuar (además/también) | to continue | 39 | |
| 13765357020 | para concluir (finalmente) | to conclude | 40 | |
| 13765357021 | según la fuente INTEGRATE AT LEAST ONE QUOTE | according to the source | 41 | |
| 13765357022 | dice relata reporta explica indica analiza | ways to say "Says" creatively | 42 | |
| 13765357023 | semejanzas diferencias | similarities and differences | 43 | |
| 13765357024 | ventajas desventajas | advantages disadvantages | 44 | |
| 13765357025 | por el otro lado por UNA mano, por la otra | to highlight a counter argument | 45 | |
| 13765357026 | opino que creo que pienso que sugiero que | ways to give your point of view | 46 | |
| 13765357027 | pero en cambio al contrario | transition words to disagree | 47 | |
| 13765357028 | como resultado de otro modo | drawing conclusion | 48 | |
| 13765357029 | sobre todo por ejemplo | highlighting supporting details | 49 | |
| 13765357030 | ONU | United Nations | 50 | |
| 13765357031 | ONG (Kiva, Doctores sin Fronteras) | non-governmental organization | 51 | |
| 13765357032 | cifras | figures | 52 | |
| 13765357033 | estadisticas | statistics | 53 | |
| 13765357034 | tabla la imagen el gráfico | chart image graphic | 54 |
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AP Language and Composition Study Set 2 (2019-2020) Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14311956394 | ethos | Greek for "character." This appeal seeks to demonstrate credibility and trustworthiness on a given topic. | 0 | |
| 14311956395 | logos | Greek for "embodied thought." Speakers appeal to reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up. | 1 | |
| 14311956403 | metaphor | Figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as; says one thing IS another. | 2 | |
| 14311956406 | hyperbole | Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken seriously | 3 | |
| 14311956407 | parallelism | Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. | 4 | |
| 14311956408 | juxtaposition | Two or more ideas or things placed side by side for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. | 5 | |
| 14311956411 | hortative sentence | Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. | 6 | |
| 14311956413 | oxymoron | Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another. Examples: "cruel kindness," or "living death". A combination of two contradictory or opposite words. It may produce a dramatic effect, but does not make literal sense. | 7 | |
| 14311956416 | imagery | Description using language that appeals to the senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing.) | 8 | |
| 14311956418 | open thesis | Does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay. | 9 | |
| 14311956419 | fallacy | Potential vulnerability or weakness in an argument. | 10 | |
| 14311956422 | hasty generalization | A fallacy in which conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence. Ex: "That $29 shirt at Marshall's is a great deal, therefore, everything at Marshall's is a great deal." | 11 | |
| 14311956424 | introduction | Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion. | 12 | |
| 14311956425 | narration | Provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing. | 13 | |
| 14311956435 | non sequitur | a statement that does not follow logically from evidence Ex: It's going to rain today, therefore bunny rabbits are way cuter than chipmunks. | 14 | |
| 14311956439 | metonymy | Substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for the referent Examples: The pen is mightier than the sword. -Edward Bulwer-Lytton This land belongs to the crown. You cannot fight city hall. | 15 | |
| 14311956440 | parenthesis | Stylistic device that comes from the Greek word meaning "to place," or "alongside." A qualifying or explanatory sentence, clause, or word that gives more explanation and adds emphasis. | 16 | |
| 14311956441 | paradox | an apparently contradictory statement that actually contains some truth. examples: Less is more You can save money by spending it. I know one thing; that I know nothing. This is the beginning of the end. | 17 | |
| 14312050950 | false authority | Using an alleged authority as evidence in your argument when the authority is not an authority on the facts relevant to the argument. | 18 | |
| 14312057866 | false dilemma | Fallacy based on an "either-or" type of argument where only two choices are presented, when more might exist. | 19 | |
| 14312187312 | exordium | Introduction to an argument, in which the speaker announces the subject and purpose, and appeals to ethos in order to establish credibility | 20 | |
| 14312207721 | Irony | Figure of speech in which a speaker says one thing but means another, or when what is said is the opposite of what is expected. | 21 | |
| 14312229999 | modifier | Word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause, in order to describe, focus or qualify. | 22 | |
| 14312237319 | mood | The feeling or atmosphere created by a text | 23 | |
| 14312454676 | faulty analogy | a fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable. | 24 |
AP LANGUAGE AND COMPOSITION Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14571706182 | active voice | The subject of the sentence performs the action | 0 | |
| 14571708344 | Allusion | an indirect reference to something with which the reader is supposed to be familiar | 1 | |
| 14571717124 | Alter-ego | A character that is used by the author to speak the author's own thoughts; when an author speaks directly to the audience through a character. | 2 | |
| 14571719567 | anecdote | a brief recounting of a relevant episode | 3 | |
| 14571727940 | antecedent | The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun. | 4 | |
| 14571730455 | Classicism | Art or literature characterized by a realistic view of people and the world; sticks to traditional themes and structures. | 5 | |
| 14571733527 | comic relief | A humorous scene or speech intended to lighten the mood | 6 | |
| 14571736428 | Diction | Word choice, particularly as an element of style. | 7 | |
| 14571740147 | colloquial | Ordinary or familiar type of conversation | 8 | |
| 14571742023 | Connotation | the associations suggested by a word. implied rather than literal meaning | 9 | |
| 14571747372 | Denotation | the literal meaning of a word | 10 | |
| 14571756133 | Jargon | The diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity. | 11 | |
| 14571758563 | vernacular | the language of everyday speech in a particular region | 12 | |
| 14571761459 | didactic | A term used to describe fiction, nonfiction or poetry that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking. | 13 | |
| 14571764159 | adage | A folk saying with a lesson | 14 | |
| 14571765281 | Allegory | a story, fictional or non fictional in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts | 15 | |
| 14571772925 | Aphorism | A terse statement which expresses a general truth or moral principle | 16 | |
| 14571775464 | Ellipsis | The deliberate omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author. | 17 | |
| 14571777239 | Euphemism | a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept | 18 | |
| 14571779091 | figurative language | writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally | 19 | |
| 14571783534 | Analogy | a comparison of one pair of variables to a parallel set of variables | 20 | |
| 14571789199 | Hyperbole | exaggeration | 21 | |
| 14571790137 | Idiom | A common, often used expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally. | 22 | |
| 14571792460 | Metaphor | A comparison without using like or as | 23 | |
| 14571793934 | Metonymy | Replacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept. | 24 | |
| 14571796229 | Synecdoche | A kind of metonymy when a whole is represented by naming one of its parts, or vice versa. | 25 | |
| 14571797762 | Simile | A comparison using "like" or "as" | 26 | |
| 14571799185 | Synethesia | A description involving a "crossing of the senses" | 27 | |
| 14571801564 | Personification | the giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea | 28 | |
| 14571805283 | Foreshadowing | When an author gives hints about what will occur later in a story. | 29 | |
| 14571807784 | Genre | a major category or type of literature | 30 | |
| 14571809057 | Gothic | Writing characterized by gloom, mystery, fear and/or death. | 31 | |
| 14571810892 | Imagery | word or words that create a picture in the reader's mind | 32 | |
| 14571814227 | invective | A long, emotionally violent, attack using strong, abusive language. | 33 | |
| 14571819467 | Irony | When the opposite of what you expect to happen does. | 34 | |
| 14571822188 | verbal irony | When you say something and mean the opposite/something different. | 35 | |
| 14571827401 | dramatic irony | When the audience knows something the characters don't | 36 | |
| 14571829936 | situational irony | irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected. | 37 | |
| 14571836395 | Juxtaposition | Placing things side by side for the purposes of comparison. | 38 | |
| 14571838221 | Mood | The atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice. | 39 | |
| 14571842777 | Motif | A recurring theme, subject or idea | 40 | |
| 14571849235 | Oxymoron | When apparently contradictory terms are grouped together and suggest a paradox | 41 | |
| 14571852220 | Pacing | The speed or tempo of an author's writing. | 42 | |
| 14571854808 | Paradox | a seemingly contradictory statement which is actually true | 43 | |
| 14571859580 | Parallelism | Sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns. | 44 | |
| 14571863911 | Anaphora | the repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of consecutive lines or sentences | 45 | |
| 14571867197 | chiasmus | When the same words are used twice in succession, but the second time, the order of the words is reversed. | 46 | |
| 14571887220 | Antithesis | Two opposite or contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure. | 47 | |
| 14571897622 | Zuegma (Syllepsis) | When a single word governs or modifies two or more other words, and the meaning of the first word must change for each of the other words it governs or modifies. "The butler killed the lights, and then the mistress." "I quickly dressed myself and the salad." | 48 | |
| 14571900904 | Parenthetical Idea | Parentheses are used to set off an idea from the rest of the sentence. | 49 | |
| 14571903906 | Parody | An exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes. | 50 | |
| 14571905932 | Persona | the fictional mask or narrator that tells a story | 51 | |
| 14571910716 | poetic device | A device used in poetry to manipulate the sound of words, sentences or lines. | 52 | |
| 14571912487 | Alliteration | Repetition of initial consonant sounds | 53 | |
| 14571914105 | Assonance | the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds | 54 | |
| 14571922509 | Consonance | The repetition of the same consonant sound at the end of words or within words. | 55 | |
| 14571930499 | Onomatopoeia | the use of words that imitate sounds | 56 | |
| 14571932258 | internal rhyme | When a line of poetry contains a rhyme within a single line. | 57 | |
| 14571934861 | slant rhyme | when a poet creates a rhyme, but the two words do not rhyme exactly | 58 | |
| 14571937653 | end rhyme | When the last word of two different lines of poetry rhyme | 59 | |
| 14571939716 | rhyme scheme | the pattern of end rhymes in a poem | 60 | |
| 14571942192 | Stressed and unstressed syllables | In every word of more than one syllable, one of the syllables is stressed, or said with more force than the other syllable(s). In the name "Nathan," the first syllable is stressed. In the word "unhappiness," the second of the four syllables is stressed. | 61 | |
| 14571944260 | meter | A regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry | 62 | |
| 14571945881 | free verse | Poetry that does not have a regular meter or rhyme scheme | 63 | |
| 14571947874 | iambic pentameter | Poetry that is written in lines of 10 syllables, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables. | 64 | |
| 14571951898 | sonnet | 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter | 65 | |
| 14571958201 | Polysyndeton | When a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions | 66 | |
| 14571960691 | Pun | When a word that has two or more meanings is used in a humorous way. | 67 | |
| 14571966585 | Rhetoric | the art of effective communication | 68 | |
| 14571970416 | rhetorical question | Question not asked for information but for effect | 69 | |
| 14571976633 | Romanticism | Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, perhaps unrealistic view of people and the world, and an emphasis on nature. | 70 | |
| 14571980007 | Sarcasm | A generally bitter comment that is ironically or satirically worded. | 71 | |
| 14571982453 | Satire | A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of human behavior by portraying it in an extreme way. It doesn't simply abuse (as in invective) or get personal (as in sarcasm). It targets groups or large concepts rather than individuals. | 72 | |
| 14571987170 | sentence | A group of words that expresses a complete thought | 73 | |
| 14571991307 | appositive | a word or group of words that expresses a complete thought | 74 | |
| 14571995645 | clause | A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. | 75 | |
| 14571999082 | balanced sentence | a sentence in which two parallel elements are set off against each other | 76 | |
| 14572006967 | compound sentence | contains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses | 77 | |
| 14572014147 | complex sentence | Contains only one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. | 78 | |
| 14572019240 | cumulative sentence | When the writer begins with an independent clause, then adds subordinate elements | 79 | |
| 14572023089 | periodic sentence | When the main idea is not completed until the end of the sentence. | 80 | |
| 14572028470 | simple sentence | Contains only one independent clause. | 81 | |
| 14572031461 | declarative sentence | States an idea | 82 | |
| 14572035947 | imperative sentence | Issues a command | 83 | |
| 14572038489 | interrogative sentence | A sentence that asks a question | 84 | |
| 14572042299 | style | The choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes. | 85 | |
| 14572044390 | Symbol | anything that stands for or represents something else | 86 | |
| 14572050669 | Syntax/sentence variety | Grammatical arrangement of words. | 87 | |
| 14572054618 | Theme | Central idea of a work of literature | 88 | |
| 14572057200 | thesis | the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position | 89 | |
| 14572058792 | tone | A writer's attitude toward his or her subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language, and organization on the sentence and global levels. | 90 | |
| 14572062120 | Understatement | the ironic minimalizing of fact, understatement presents something as less significant than it is. The effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic. Understatement is the opposite of hyperbole. Example: Jonathan Swift's A Tale of a Tub: "Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her person for the worse." | 91 | |
| 14572064650 | Litotes | a particular form of understatement, is generated by denying the opposite or contrary of the word which otherwise would be used | 92 | |
| 14572073313 | argument | a piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion | 93 | |
| 14572080157 | premises | Statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion | 94 | |
| 14572085620 | Conclusion | the end result of an argument - the main purpose | 95 | |
| 14572091366 | Aristotle's appeals | The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade an audience that one's ideas are valid, or more valid than someone else's. The Greek philosopher Aristotle divided all means of persuasion (appeals) into three categories - ethos, pathos, and logos. | 96 | |
| 14572109774 | Ethos (credibility) | means being convinced by the credibility of the author | 97 | |
| 14572116393 | pathos (emotional) | persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions | 98 | |
| 14572119031 | logos (logical) | means persuading by the use of reasoning, using true premises and valid arguments. This is generally considered the strongest form of persuasion. | 99 | |
| 14572121081 | concession | Accepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint. | 100 | |
| 14572126505 | conditional statement | an if then statement and consists of two parts, an antecedent and a consequent | 101 | |
| 14572130680 | contradiction | occurs when one asserts two mutually exclusive propositions | 102 | |
| 14572134149 | Counterexample | An example that runs counter to (opposes) a generalization, thus falsifying it. | 103 | |
| 14572139571 | deductive argument | An argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion. | 104 | |
| 14572143419 | fallacy | an attractive but unreliable piece of reasoning | 105 | |
| 14572145714 | ad hominem | latin for ""against the man" | 106 | |
| 14572148357 | appeal to authority | The claim that because somebody famous supports an idea, the idea must be right. This fallacy is often used in advertising. | 107 | |
| 14572151282 | appeal to the bandwagon | The claim, as evidence for an idea, that many people believe it, or used to believe it, or do it. | 108 | |
| 14572156838 | appeal to emotion | An attempt to replace a logical argument with an appeal to the audience's emotions. | 109 | |
| 14572164898 | bad analogy | Claiming that two situations are highly similar, when they aren't. | 110 | |
| 14572168224 | Cliché Thinking | Using as evidence a well-known saying, as if it is proven, or as if it has no exceptions. | 111 | |
| 14572172348 | false cause | Assuming that because two things happened, the first one caused the second one. | 112 | |
| 14572176340 | hasty generalization | A generalization based on too little or unrepresentative data | 113 | |
| 14572178845 | non sequitur | A conclusion that does not follow from its premises; an invalid argument. | 114 | |
| 14572183959 | Slippery Slope | The assumption that once started, a situation will continue to its most extreme possible outcome. | 115 | |
| 14572187565 | inductive argument | An argument in which it is thought that the premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion. | 116 | |
| 14572189856 | sound argument | A deductive argument is said to be sound if it meets two conditions: First, that the line of reasoning from the premises to the conclusion is valid. Second, that the premises are true. | 117 | |
| 14572193855 | unstated premises | Not every argument is fully expressed. Sometimes premises or even conclusions are left unexpressed. If one argues that Rover is smart because all dogs are smart, he is leaving unstated that Rover is a dog. Here the unstated premise is no problem; indeed it would probably be obvious in context. But sometimes unstated premises are problematic, particularly if two parties in a discussion are making differing assumptions. | 118 | |
| 14572195854 | valid argument | An argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises. | 119 |
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