AP Notes, Outlines, Study Guides, Vocabulary, Practice Exams and more!

AP Literature Terms Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
12178952380Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words0
12178956923AssonanceRepetition of vowel sounds1
12178965079ConsonanceRepetition of consonant sounds2
12178970144ApostropheA figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love3
12178972766Personificationthe giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea4
12178974791Anaphorarepetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines5
12178978111StanzaA group of lines in a poem6
12178979368Ironythe use of words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of its literal meaning7
12178982645OnomatopoeiaA word that imitates the sound it represents.8
12178994983Synthesiadescribing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound")9
12178999608Caesuraa strong pause within a line of verse10
12179004169refrainA line or set of lines repeated several times over the course of a poem11
12179008347Enjambmentthe continuation of a sentence without a pause beyond the end of a line, couplet, or stanza12
12179010236Allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference13
12179014824OxymoronA figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase14
12179021837Hyperboleexaggeration; overstatement15
12179023272slant rhymerhyme in which the vowel sounds are nearly, but not exactly the same (i.e. the words "stress" and "kiss"); sometimes called half-rhyme, near rhyme, or partial rhyme16
12179027955sight rhymea similarity between words in spelling but not in pronunciation17
12179029446end rhymeRhyme that occurs at the end of two or more lines of poetry18
12179030511internal rhymeA word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line19
12179032119ImageryDescription that appeals to the senses (sight, sound, smell, touch, taste)20
12179034338MetaphorA comparison without using like or as21
12179036860SimileA comparison of two unlike things using like or as22
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language-Vocabulary Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
13812259268BombasticHigh sounding but with little meaning; inflated;grandiloquent.0
13812259269CapriciousImpulsive; unpredictable. Sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior.1
13812259270Colloquialism (Colloquial)a word or phrase that is not formal or literary. It is still used in literature to provide a sense of actual conversation and the use of pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary of everyday speech.2
13812259271Apathylack of interest, enthusiasm or concern. No emotion3
13812259272DialectA variety of language confined to a region or group, manner or means of expressing oneself.4
13812259273CondescendingHaving or feeling superior. patronizing or assuming superiority.5
13812259274VoiceAn authors distinctive literary style, basic vision and general attitude toward the world. Revealed through the use of Syntax, Diction, Punctuation, Characterization, and Dialogue.6
13812259275AssertionA confident and forceful statement of fact or belief. A declaration that's made em pathetically in an argument as it to be understood as a statement of fact.7
13812259276Cogent(of an argument or case) clear, logical, and convincing.8
13812259277Coherent(of an argument, theory, or policy) logical and consistent9
13812259278Cohesivecharacterized by or causing cohesion (act or state of being uniting, cohering, or sticking together).10
13812259279Didacticintended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.11
13812259280Discoursewritten or spoken communication or debate. (verb) speak or write authoritatively about a topic.12
13812259281Eloquencefluent or persuasive speaking or writing.13
13812259282Fluidable to flow easily.14
13812259283implicationthe conclusion that can be drawn from something, although it is not explicitly stated.15
13812259284lucidexpressed clearly; easy to understand16
13812259285rhetora teacher of rhetoric17
13812259286Arbitera person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter18
13812259287Biasedunfairly prejudiced for or against something or someone.19
13812259288Exculpateshow or declare that (someone) is not guilty of wrongdoing20
13812259289Impartialtreating all rivals or disputants equally; fair and just.21
13812259290Incontrovertiblenot able to be denied or disputed.22
13812259291Integritythe quality of being honest and having strong moral principles; moral uprightness.23
13812259292Objectivitythe quality of being objective; justice; neutrality24
13812259293Plausible(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable.25
13812259294Substantiatedprovide evidence to support or prove that truth of.26
13812259295vindicatedclear (something) of blame or suspicion.27
13812259296Contemptuousshowing contempt; scornful28
13812259297Despoticof, relating to, or characteristics of a despot (ruler with total power; usually unfair)29
13812259298Dictatorialof or typical of a ruler with total control30
13812259299Disdainthe feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one's consideration or respect; contempt.31
13812259300Haughtyarrogantly superior and disdainful.32
13812259301Imperiousassuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering.33
13812259302Patronizingtreat with an apparent kindness that betrays a feeling of superiority.34
13812259303Listlesslacking energy or enthusiasm.35
13812259304Melancholya feeling of pensive sadness, typically with no obvious cause.36
13812259305Torpora state of physical or mental inactivity37
13812259306alliancea relationship based on an affinity in interests, nature, or qualities.38
13812259307disparitya great difference, imbalance.39
13812259308impingehave an affect or impact, especially a negative one. Influence.40
13812259309Paradoxa state or proposition that, despite reasoning, leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, self-contradictory.41
13812259310allusionan expression to call something to mind without mentioning it exactly; an indirect or passing reference.42
13812259311parallelismthe act of being parallel or corresponding in some way.43
13812259312indolentwanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy.44
13812259313insipid.lacking flavor, vigor or interest.45
13812259314lamenta passionate expression or grief or sorrow.46
13812259315Sanctiona threatening penalty for disobeying a law or rule47
13812259316servilehaving or showing an excessive willingness to serve or please others.48
13812259317suppressedforcibly to an end to.49
13812259318Embellishmake (something) more attractive by the addition of decorative details or features.50
13812259319floridhaving a red or flushed complexion51
13812259320opulentostentatiously rich and luxurious or lavish52
13812259321ornatemade in an intricate shape or decorated with complex patterns.53
13812259322ostentatiouscharacterized by vulgar or pretentious display; designed to impress or attract notice.54
13812259323poignantevoking a keen sense or sadness or regret.55
13812259324Ebulliencethe quality of being cheerful and full of energy; exuberance.56
13812259325effusiveexpressing feelings of gratitude, pleasure, or approval in an unrestrained or heartfelt manner.57
13812259326egregiousoutstandingly bad; shocking.58
13812259327freneticfast and energetic in a rather wild and uncontrolled way.59
13812259328gratuitousuncalled for; lacking good reason; unwarranted60
13812259329flagrant(of something considered wrong or immoral) conspicuously or obviously offensive61
13812259330superfluousunnecessary, especially through being more than enough.62
13812259331convolutedextremely complex and difficult to follow (especially or a story, sentence, or argument).63
13812259332cryptichaving a meaning that is mysterious or obscure64
13812259333Obscureuncertain; not discovered or know about.65
13812259334futileincapable of producing any useful result; pointless.66
13812259335impededelay or prevent by obstructing them; hinder.67
13812259336quandarya state of perplexity or uncertainty over what what to do in a difficult situation.68
13812259337alleviatemake (suffering or a problem) less severe.69
13812259338asylumthe protection granted by a nation to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee. ( or it can be a mental hospital).70
13812259339auspiciousconductive to success; favorable.71
13812259340benevolentwell meaning and kindly72
13812259341benigngentle, kindly.73
13812259342Mollifyappease the anger or anxiety of (someone)74
13812259343reclamationreclaiming; reformation, recovery. (or it can be land obtained from water)75
13812259344DubiousNot to be relied upon; suspect (hesitating or doubting)76
13812259345Fabricatedinvent or concoct (something), typically with deceitful intent77
13812259346Hypocrisythe practice of claiming to have moral standards or beliefs to which one's own behavior does not conform; pretense78
13812259347Slandermake false and damaging statements about (someone).79
13812259348spuriousnot being what it purports to be; false or fake80
13812259349Astutehaving or showing an ability to accurately assess situations or people and turn this to one's advantage81
13812259350clandestineoperation is an intelligence or millitary operation carried out in such a way that the operation goes unnoticed by the general population82
13812259351disingenuousnot candid or sincere, typically by pretending that one knows less about something than one really does.83
13812259352rusean action intended to deceive someone; a trick84
13812259353stratagema plan or scheme, especially one used to outwit an opponent or achieve an end85
13812259354surreptitiouskept secret, especially because it would not be approved of.86
13812259355waryfeeling or showing caution about possible dangers or problems87
13812259356wilyskilled at gaining an advantage, especially deceitfully.88
13812259357inconsequentialnot important or significant89
13812259358superficialexisting or occurring at or on the surface. (appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely).90
13812259359tenuousvery weak or slight >( small in degree).91
13812259360trivialof little value or importance92
13812259361coupa sudden, violent, and illegal seizure of power from a government.93
13812259362Ambiguous(of language) open to more than one interpretation; having a double meaning.94
13812259363ambivalenthaving mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone.95
13812259364apatheticshowing or feeling no interest, enthusiasm, or concern.96
13812259365Arbitrarybased on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or system.97
13812259366capriciousgiven to sudden and unaccountable changes of mood or behavior98
13812259367equivocateuse ambiguous language so as to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself.99
13812259368indifferenthaving no particular interest or sympathy; unconcerned.100
13812259369whimsicalplayfully quaint or fanciful, especially in an appealing and amusing way101
13812259370assiduousshowing great care and perseverance102
13812259371compellingevoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way103
13812259372diligenthaving or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties104
13812259373doggedhaving or showing tenacity and grim persistence.105
13812259374enduresuffer (something painful or difficult) patiently106
13812259375intrepidfearless; adventurous (often used for rhetorical or humorous effect)107
13812259376maverickan unorthodox or independent-minded person108
13812259377obduratestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or course of action109
13812259378obstinatestubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or chosen course of action, despite attempts to persuade one to do so110
13812259379proliferateincrease rapidly in numbers; multiply111
13812259380tenacitythe quality or fact of being able to grip something firmly; grip.112
13812259381vitalitythe state of being strong and active; energy113
13812259382assimilationthe process by which a person or a group's language and/or culture come to resemble those of another group114
13812259383consensusgeneral agreement.115
13812259384contextthe set of facts or circumstances that surround a situation.116
13812259385derivedobtain something from (a specified source)117
13812259386incumbentnecessary for (someone) as a duty or responsibility.118
13812259387inevitablecertain to happen; unavoidable119
13812259388malleableeasily influenced; pliable120
13812259389subdueovercome, quieten, or bring under control (a feeling or person)121
13812259390Inoculatemedical : to give (a person or animal) a weakened form of a disease in order to prevent infection by the disease122
13812259391Lurid: causing shock or disgust : involving sex or violence in a way that is meant to be shocking : shining or glowing with a bright and unpleasant color123
13812259392Putrefyingto be slowly destroyed by natural processes : to rot and become putrid124
13812259393Somnolent1 : of a kind likely to induce sleep 2 a : inclined to or heavy with sleep : drowsy125
13812259394Dourserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy126
13812259395Errantserious and unfriendly : silent and gloomy127
13812259396Bewildered1 : to cause to lose one's bearings 2 : to perplex or confuse especially by a complexity, variety, or multitude of objects or considerations128
13812259397Astroturfed—used for an artificial surface that resembles grass129
13812259398GeriatricAn old person y130
13812259399Tromped1 : tramp 1 2 : to step hard : stamp 131
13812259400Connoisseur: a person who knows a lot about something (such as art, wine, food, etc.) : an expert in a particular subject132
13812259401Attestingto show, prove, or state that something is true or real133
13812259402Soporific: causing a person to become tired and ready to fall asleep134
13812259403indignant(adj.) filled with resentment or anger over something unjust, unworthy, or mean135
13812259404skirmisha minor fight or battle136
13812259405rasprough, grating tone137
13812259406swathingenveloping138
13812259407deposetopple from power139
13812259408deprecateto disapprove regretfully, to belittle, to express mild disapproval140
13812259409abaseto lower in rank, prestige, or esteem141
13812259410magnanimityhaving a lofty, generous, and courageous spirit142
13812259411tersebrief and to the point143
13812259412collateralA security pledged for the repayment of a loan.144
13812259413beguileto deceive, to mislead, to persuade with charm145
13812259414theologianone who studies religion146
13812259415discursiverambling, moving from one topic to another randomly147
13812259416grandeurimpressiveness; stateliness; majesty148
13812259417indicativedemonstrates149
13812259418apocryphalof questionable authority or authenticity150
13812259419extraneousnot essential; superfluous151
13812259420adept(adj.) thoroughly skilled; (n.) an expert152
13812259421sanguineoptimistic153
13812259422homileticdidactic, moralistic154
13812259423didacticintended to instruct155
13812259424lariatrope used to catch cattle and horses156
13812259425prolific(adj.) abundantly productive; abundant, profuse157
13812259426penuryextreme poverty158
13812259427venerablerespectable due to age159
13812259428punctilious(adj.) very careful and exact, attentive to fine points of etiquette or propriety160
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Psychology Consciousness Flashcards

note: epinephrine is a hormone NOT a neurotransmitter.

Terms : Hide Images
15215869643psychoactive drugsa chemical substance that alters perceptions and moods0
15215869644consciousnessour awareness of ourselves and our environment.1
15215869645neuroadaptaionthe brain's chemistry adaptation to offset the drug's effect2
15215869646circadian rhythmthe biological clock; regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour cycle.3
15215869647tolerancethe diminishing effects with regular use of the same drug, requiring the user to take larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect4
15215869648REM (rapid eye movement) sleeprapid eye movement sleep; a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed (except for minor twitches) but other body systems are active.5
15215869649alpha wavesthe relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.6
15215869650withdrawalthe discomfort and distress following the discontinuing use of an addictive drug7
15215869651sleepperiodic, natural loss of consciousness—as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation. (Adapted from Dement, 1999.)8
15215869652hallucinationsfalse sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.9
15215869653psychological dependencea psychological need for a drug to relieve negative emotions such as stress10
15215869654delta wavesthe large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.11
15215869655physical dependencea physiological need for a drug to relieve negative emotions such as stress12
15215869656NREM sleepnon-rapid eye movement sleep; encompasses all sleep stages except for REM sleep.13
15215869657insomniarecurring problems in falling or staying asleep.14
15215869658depressantsdrugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions15
15215869659narcolepsya sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.16
15215869660sleep apneaa sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.17
15215869661night terrorsa sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, these occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.18
15215869662stimulantsdrugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions19
15215869663dreama sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. These are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the person 's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.20
15215869664hallucinogenspsychedelic "mind-manifesting" drugs that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input21
15215869665manifest contentaccording to Freud, the story of the dream.22
15215869666latent contentaccording to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream (symbolism of dream)23
15215869667alcohol-affects the parts of the brain that help make decisions, involve impulse control, and memory -binds with GABA receptors making them more inhibitory, and it binds to glutamate preventing it from exciting the cell -also affects dopamine24
15215869668REM reboundthe tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep).25
15215869669barbituratesdrugs/tranquilizers that depress the central nervous system activity reducing anxiety and impairing memory and judgement -nembutal, seconal, amytal, -affects GABA26
15215869670opiatesopium and its derivatives (morphine and heroin) which depresses neural activity, lessening pain and anxiety temporarily -affect natural opiates (endorphins)27
15215869671heroin-mimics natural opiates -binds to opiate receptor sites turning off dopamine inhibition -dopamine overstimulates cells which results in feelings of well-being and sedation28
15215869672dissociationa split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.29
15215869673amphetaminesdrugs that stimulate neural activity causing body functions and associated mood and energy changes to speed up -affects dopamine30
15215869674methamphetaminea powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the nervous system, which speeds up body functions and associated mood and energy changes -overtime it reduces baseline dopamine levels31
15215869675cocainea psychoactive drug that is used for its euphoric effects -depletes brain's supply of dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine -users become fidgety because it concentrates in the brain that controls voluntary movements32
15215869676caffiene and nicotine-triggers the release of norepinephrine and epinephrine which diminish appetite, boost alertness and mental efficiency -stimulates CNS to release dopamine and opiates -also affects ACh33
15215869677addictioncompulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences.34
15215869678ecstasy (MDMA)a synthetic stimulant drug and mild hallucinogen -mimics serotonin, taken up by its transporters. excess serotonin in the synaptic gap binds repeatedly to the receptor sites overstimulating the cells -results in feelings of emotional elevation and connectedness with those around them "hug drug"35
15215869679LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide)a powerful hallucinogenic drug that causes feelings of euphoria, detachment and panic -affects serotonin36
15215869680marijuanaleaves and flowers of the hemp plant37
15215869681THCmain active ingredient in marijuana that triggers a variety of effects including hallucinations -molecules bind to cannabinoid receptor sites which turn off the release of inhibitory neurotransmitters so dopamine can be released freely38
15215869682Dopamine-associated with pleasure, addiction -rewards our brains when we do something adaptive -controls voluntary movements -influences learning, attention, alertness, emotion39
15215869683Serotonin-feelings of calmness and satiation -affects hunger, emotions, and moods (HEM) -regulates sleep, pain, arousal, dreaming (SPAD) -involved in perception40
15215869684Ecstacy (MDMA)a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.41
15215869685GABAprimary inhibitory neurotransmitter; reduces anxiety42
15215869686Acetylcholine (ACh)-regulates movement -involved in some kinds of learning and memory43
15215869687LSDa powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid (lysergic acid diethylamide).44
15215869688near-death experiencesan altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death (such as through cardiac arrest); often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.45
15215869689Epinephrine-aka adrenaline: hormone which is excitatory -activates a sympathetic nervous system by making the heart beat faster, stopping digestion, enlarging pupils, sending sugar into the bloodstream, preparing a blood clot faster46
15215869690Norepinephrine-aka noradrenaline: chemical which is excitatory -used in ANS and most regions of the brain -regulates alertness, arousal, -affects heart rate, memory, sleep, stress, sexual responsiveness, vigilance, appetite,47
15215869691Endorphins-pleasurable sensations (enhances the release of dopamine) -controls pain48
15215869692Suprachiasmatic nucleus(SCN) A cluster of neurons in the hypothalamus in the brain that governs the timing of circadian rhythms49
15215869693Glutamateprimary excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in learning and memory50
15215869694Substance Use DisorderContinued substance craving and use despite significant life disruption and/or physical risk.51
15215869695antagonistsdrugs that block the function of a neurotransmitter52
15215869696agonistsdrugs that increase the action of a neurotransmitter53
15215877500selective attentionthe focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus54
15215880986inattentional blindnessfailing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere55
15215880987change blindnessfailing to notice changes in the environment56
15215887402choice blindnesswhen defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed57
15215890512wish fulfillmentin dreams, the acting out of ideas and impulses that are repressed when one is conscious (Freud)58
15215899543neuroadaptationthe user's brain chemistry adapts to offset the drug effect59
15215905658Melatoninsleep-inducing hormone60
15215905659beta wavessmaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity61
15215914829Monismthe presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing62
15215914832Dualismthe presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact63
15215921885cocktail party effectability to attend to only one voice among many64
15215925119Blindsighta condition in which a person can respond to a visual stimulus without consciously experiencing it65
15215927598dual processingprinciple that info is often simultaneously processed on separate conscious and unconscious tracks66
15215950564sleep paralysisstate of being unable to move just after falling asleep or right before waking up67
15215950679sleep spindlesShort bursts of brain activity that characterize stage NREM-268
15215962925hypnagogic sensationssensations of falling or floating that are sometimes later incorporated into memories69
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP English Language and Composition Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
14251727522allegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning; usually moral truth or generalization about human existence0
14251734590alliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words; reinforce meaning, unify ideas, supply a musical sound, echo the sense of passage1
14251740799allusiona direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place or work of art2
14252088471ambiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage3
14252091365analogya similar or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them; can make writing more vivid, imaginative or intellectually engaging4
14252100700antecedentA word, phrase or clause to which a pronoun refers5
14252112225antithesisthe opposition or contrast of ideas; the direct opposite6
14252113424aphorisma terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle7
14252122862apostrophea figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction8
14252133249atmospherethe emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described9
14252142215caricaturea verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics10
14252159039clausea grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb11
14252169425independent/main clauseexpresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence12
14252173300colloquialthe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing; not acceptable for formal writing; expresses local or regional dialects13
14252182330colloquialismtypically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation; gives a familiar tone14
14252188632conceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness as a result of unusual comparisons being made15
14262789966connotationthe non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning; ideas, emotions or attitudes16
14262794515denotationthe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude or color17
14262802346dictionrelated to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness or effectiveness18
14262898836didacticGreek for teaching or instructing of moral and ethical principles19
14262911218euphemismGreek for "god speech"; agreeable or less offensive substitute for an unpleasant word or concept; used for ironic understatement20
14262920581extended metaphordeveloped at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work21
14262923978figurative languagewriting that is not intended to be literal; usually imaginative and vivid22
14262926654figure of speechdevice used to produce figurative language; compared dissimilar things23
14262932062generic conventionstraditions and helps define for each genre24
14262939181genremajor category into which a literary work fits; flexible term that has many subdivisions25
14262948456fictionnovels and short stories26
14262950370nonfictionessays and biographies27
14262952471poetrydivided into lyric, dramatic, narrative, epic, etc.28
14262955633homilyterm literally means "sermon"; includes serious talk, speech or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice29
14262960816hyperboleGreek for "overshoot"; figure of speech using deliberate exaggeration or overstatement; produces irony30
14262966211imagerysensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion or represent abstractions; physically, it relates to the five senses31
14262978057inference/inferto draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented32
14276734590invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using abusive language33
14276780874irony/ironicthe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant; the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true; used to create poignancy or humor34
14276803059verbal ironywhen the words literally state the writer's meaning35
14276840651situational ironywhen events turn out the opposite of what was expected; when what the characters and readers think ought to happen is not what does happen36
14276844414dramatic ironywhen facts or events are unknown to a character in a play or piece of fiction but known to the reader, audience or other characters in the work37
14276848856litotesa form of understatement that involves making an affirmative point by denying its opposite38
14276876870non-periodic sentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses39
14276889180loose sentenceA complex sentence in which the main clause comes first and the subordinate clause follows40
14276891483metaphora figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity; makes writing vivid, imaginative, thought provoking and meaningful41
14276903395meonymyGreek for "changed label" or "substitute name"; figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it42
14276968676moodthe prevailing setting, tone and events that effect the atmosphere or emotional aura of a work; similar to tone and atmosphere43
14276980550narrativethe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events44
14276982036onomatopoeiaa figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words45
14276988456oxymoronGreek for "pointedly foolish"; a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox46
14276992695paradoxa statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity47
14276996273parallelismGreek for "beside one another"; a.k.a parallel construction or structure; refers to the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences or graphs to give structural similarity48
14277008292anaphoraa sub-type of parallelism; when the exact repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive lines or sentences49
14277012828parodya work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect or ridicule; exploits author's expression; if written poorly, it offers ineffectual imitation50
14277023055pedantican adjective that describes words, phrases or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic or bookish51
14277027484periodic sentencethe opposite of loose sentence, that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end; an independent clause that comes before a phrase or clause that cannot stand alone; add emphasis and structural variety52
14277060925personificationa figure of speech in which the author presents or describes concepts, animals or inanimate objects by endowing them with human attributes or emotions53
14277064754pont of viewfrom which the story is told; address the author's attitude; two general divisions54
14277066738first person narratortells the story with the pronoun: "I"; can be protagonist, a secondary character or observer55
14277071512third person narratorrelates the events with the pronoun "he", "she" and "it"; two main subdivisions56
14277077865third person omniscientsthe narrator with godlike knowledge, presents the thoughts and actions of any or all characters57
14277081991third person limited omniscientthe narrator presents the feelings and58
14277103321proseone of the major divisions of genre; refers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms; the printer determines the length of the line; in poetry, the poet determines the length of the line59
14277121542repetitionthe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence or grammatical pattern60
14277128132rhetoricGreek for "orator"; terms describes the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently and persuasively61
14277131385rhetorical modesthe flexible terms describes the variety, conventions and purpose of the major kinds of writing; four common "modes of discourse"62
14277148200expositionsto explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence and appropriate discussion; AP language exam essay questions are expository topics63
14277158557argumentationto prove the validity of an idea or point of view by presenting sound reasoning, discussion and argument that thoroughly convince the reader64
14277163060persuasiveis a type of argumentation having an additional aim or urging form of action65
14277166351descriptionto recreate, invent or visually present a person, place, event or action so that the reader can picture that being described; engages all five sense or may be straightforward; objective or highly emotional on subjective66
14277173763narrationto tell a story of an event or series of events; frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing67
14314283464sarcasmGreek for "to tear flesh"; involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something; use irony as a device; can be witty and insightful but can cruel68
14314312448satiretargets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule; work that aims to reform human behavior; thought provoking and insightful69
14314337659smeanticsbranch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations and their relation to one another70
14314428161Styleevaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language and other literary devices; classification comparison which reflects a historical period71
14314559449subject complementword or clause that follows a linking verb and complements or completes the subject of the sentence72
14314564470Predicate nominative(n.) a group of nouns or noun clause that renames the subject; follows a linking verb and is located in the predicate of the sentence73
14314571557Predicate adjective(adj.) a group of adjectives or clause that follows a linking verb; modifies or describes a sentence or subject74
14314577614subordinate cluaseword group contains both a subject and a verb, but cannot stand alone and does not express complete thoughts75
14314699238dependent clauserelies on the main clause to complete its meaning76
14314701744syllogismGreek for "reckoning together" is a deductive system of formal logic that presents two premise that inevitably lead to a sound conclusion77
14314784244major premisethe first part of a syllogism, consisting of a general statement about the subject of your argument78
14314785591minor premisea statement about a specific case related to the general characteristics of the major premise79
14314852146symbol/symbolismgenerally anything that represents itself and stands for something else; usually concrete as an object, action character or scene80
14314873016natural symbolsobjects and occurrences from nature to symbolize ideas commonly associated with them81
14314875767conventional symbolshave been invested with meaning by a group or religious symbols82
14314880614literary symbolscan be conventional in the sense that they are found in a verity or works and are more recognized83
14314892180Synecdochea figure of speech in which part of something is used to represent the whole or occasionally the whole is used to represent a part84
14314905691Synesthesiawhen one kind of sensory stimulus evokes the subjective experience of another85
14314949975syntaxthe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses and sentences; similar to diction, but diction refer to the individual words86
14315049013themethe central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life; usual is unstated in fictional works; non-fiction may be directly state in expository or argumentative writing87
14315063425thesisexpository writing; the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning or position; usually judged by analyzing how accurately, effectively and thoroughly a writer has proven88
14315071303tonesimilar to mood; describes the author's attitude toward his material, audience or both; easier to determine in spoken language than in one that is written89
14315099311transitiona word or phrase that links different ideas; especially in expository and argumentative writing; effectively signal a shift from one idea to another90
14315104792understatementthe ironic minimizing of fact; presents something as less significant than it is; the effect can frequently be humorous and emphatic; opposite of hyperbole91
14315115816wittyintellectually amusing language that surprises and delights; humorous while suggesting the speaker's verbal power; speed of understanding and quick perception92
Powered by Quizlet.com

AP Language - Vocabulary (Lessons 1-17) Flashcards

Selected words from the 2013 Princeton Review AP English Language and Composition "The Hit Parade" chapter. (These are words that have most commonly appeared on the AP Lang exam in the past.)

Terms : Hide Images
14520347532Cogentconvincing, reasonable0
14520347533Didacticintended to instruct1
14520347534Lucideasily flowing; easily understood; clear2
14520347535Arbitera judge who decides a disputed issue3
14520347536Exculpateto free from guilt or blame4
14520347537Incontrovertiblenot able to be denied or disputed5
14520347538Imperiousarrogantly domineering or overbearing6
14520347539Convolutedintricate; complex7
14520347540Quandarya state of uncertainty or perplexity8
14520347541Indolentlazy9
14520347542Insipiduninteresting; unchallenging10
14520347543Torporlaziness; inactivity; dullness11
14520347544Disparityinequality in age, rank, or degree; difference12
14520347545Impingehinder; interfere with13
14520347546Servilesubmissive; like a servant14
14520347547Ostentatiousdescribing a showy or pretentious display15
14520347548Ebullienceintense enthusiasm16
14520347549Effusiveemotionally unrestrained; gushy17
14520347550Egregiousconspicuously bad or offensive18
14520347551Freneticwildly excited or active19
14520347552Auspiciousfavorable; promising20
14520347553Mollifyto calm or soothe21
14520347554Reclamationthe act of making something useful again22
14520347555Dubiousdoubtful; of unlikely authenticity23
14520347556Spuriousnot genuine24
14520347557Astuteshrewd; clever25
14520347558Clandestinesecretive26
14520347559Coupa brilliantly executed plan27
14520347560Disingenuousnot straight-forward; crafty28
14520347561Rusea crafty trick29
14520347562Surreptitiouslydone by secretive means30
14520347563ArbitraryDetermined by impulse rather than reason31
14520347564Capriciousimpulsive and unpredictable32
14520347565Equivocateto avoid making a definite statement33
14520347566Tenuoushaving little substance or strength; shaky; unsure, weak34
14520347567Assiduoushard-working35
14520347568Intrepidcourageous; fearless36
14520347569Obduratestubborn; inflexible37
14520347570Obstinatestubbornly adhering to an opinion or a course of action38
14520347571Proliferateto grow or increase rapidly39
14520347572Tenacitypersistence40
14520347573Incumbentimposed as a duty; obligatory41
14520347574Dogmaticstubbornly adhering to unproved beliefs42
14520347575Inherentinborn; built-in43
14520347576Inveteratelong established; deep-rooted; habitual44
14520347577Transientpassing away with time; passing from one place to another45
14520347578Transitoryshort-lived or temporary46
14520347579Affableeasy-going; friendly47
14520347580Amenableresponsive; agreeable48
14520347581Facetioustreating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant49
14520347582Dilettanteone with an amateurish or superficial understanding of a field of knowledge50
14520347583Virtuosoa tremendously skilled artist51
14520347584Decorousproper; marked by good taste52
14520347585Equanimitythe quality of being calm and even-tempered; composure53
14520347586Proprietyappropriateness of behavior54
14520347587Prudentexercising good judgement or common sense55
14520347588Staidunemotional; serious56
14520347589Stoicindifferent to pleasure or pain; impassive57
14520347590Pejorativedescribing words or phrases that belittle or speak negatively of someone58
14520347591Vilifyto make vicious statements about59
14520347592Brusquerudely abrupt60
14520347593Causticbitingly sarcastic or witty61
14520347594Fractiousquarrelsome; unruly62
14520347595Incorrigibleunable to be reformed63
14520347596Ingratean ungrateful person64
14520347597Insolentinsulting in manner or speech65
14520347598Pugnaciouscombative; belligerent66
14520347599Reprehensibleworthy of blame67
14520347600Deleterioushaving a harmful effect; injurious68
14520347601Enmitymutual hatred or ill-will69
14520347602Malfeasancewrongdoing, misconduct70
14520347603Maliceextreme ill-will or spite71
14520347604Rancoroushateful; marked by deep-seated ill-will72
14520347605Ponderousextremely dull73
14520347606Prosaicunimaginative; dull74
14520347607Harbingersomething that indicated what is to come; a forerunner75
14520347608Ominousmenacing; threatening76
14520347609Timoroustimid; fearful about the future77
14520347610Nascentcoming into existence; emerging78
14520347611Candorsincerity; openness79
14520347612Sonorousproducing a deep or full sound80
14520347613Copiousplentiful; having a large quantity81
14520347614Pervasivedispersed throughout82
14520347615Prodigiousenormous83
14520347616Repleteabundantly supplied; filled to capacity84
Powered by Quizlet.com

Pages

Subscribe to CourseNotes RSS

Need Help?

We hope your visit has been a productive one. If you're having any problems, or would like to give some feedback, we'd love to hear from you.

For general help, questions, and suggestions, try our dedicated support forums.

If you need to contact the Course-Notes.Org web experience team, please use our contact form.

Need Notes?

While we strive to provide the most comprehensive notes for as many high school textbooks as possible, there are certainly going to be some that we miss. Drop us a note and let us know which textbooks you need. Be sure to include which edition of the textbook you are using! If we see enough demand, we'll do whatever we can to get those notes up on the site for you!