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AP Language Literary Terms, AP Language terms Flashcards

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10316717277PathosA Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals0
10316717278LogosA Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals1
10316717279ConcessionA reluctant acknowledgment or yielding2
10316717280SyllogismA form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise.3
10316717281Premisemajor, minor. Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.4
10316717283Inductiona logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universal, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization.5
10316717284Deductiona logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise).6
10316717287Dictiona speaker's choice of words. Analysis of diction looks at these choices and what they add to the speaker's message.7
10316717288Similea figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea by comparing it explicitly to something else, using words like, as, or as though.8
10316717289MetaphorA figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as thought it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison.9
10316717290AnaphoraThe repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses.10
10316717291RhetoricThe study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."11
10316717292Rhetorical TriangleA diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (Aristotelian triangle).12
10316717293AllusionAn indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event.13
10316717294HyperboleExaggeration for the purpose of emphasis.14
10316717295Personificationattribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.15
10316717296Asyndetonomission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.16
10316717297Polysyndetonthe deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses or words.17
10316717298ParallelismThe repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.18
10316717299AntithesisParallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas.19
10316717301Rhetorical QuestionA question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.20
10316717302Chiasmusthe reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases. Ex.) He went to the country, the country went to him.21
10316717303RebuttalIn the Toulon model, a rebuttal gives voice to possible objections.22
10316717304Fallacy of Argumenta flaw in the structure of an argument that renders its conclusion invalid or suspect.23
10316717305Bandwagon Appeala fallacy of argument in which a course of action is recommended on the grounds that everyone else is following it.24
10316717306Begging the Questiona fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the very grounds that are in doubt or dispute.25
10316717307Anecdotea brief story used to illustrate a point or claim.26
10316717308Modes of DisclosureExposition- illustrates a point Narration- tells a story Description- creates a sensory image Argumentation- takes a position on an issue and defends it.27
10316717309Examplea specific event, person, or detail of an idea cited and/or developed to support or illustrate a thesis or topic.28
10316717310Contrast/ Comparisona method of presenting similarities and differences between or among at least two persons, places, things, ideas, etc. may be organized by: Subject by subject Point by point Combination29
10316717311Cause and Effectestablishes a relationship: B is the result of A.30
10316717312Classificationseparates items into major categories and details the characteristics of each group is placed within the category.31
10316717313Processsimply "how to" do something is done. It can have one of two purposes. It can either give instructions or inform the reader about how something is done.32
10316717314Definitionidentifies the class to which a specific term belongs and those characteristics which make it different from all the other items in that class.33
10316717315Narrationis nothing more than storytelling. There is a beginning, a middle, and an end.34
10316717316Descriptionwriting that appeals to the senses. It can be objective, which is scientific or clinical, or it can be impressionistic, which tries to involve the reader's emotions or feelings.35
10316717317Dogmatism`a fallacy of argument in which a claim is supported on the grounds that it's the only conclusion acceptable within a given community.36
10316717318False Dilemma or Dichotomya fallacy of argument in which a complicated issue is misrepresented as offering only two possible alternatives, one of which is often made to seem vastly preferable to the other.37
10316717319False authoritya fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the expertise of someone who lacks appropriate credentials.38
10316717320Faulty causalitya fallacy of argument making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the second. Also called post hoc, ergo propter hoc, this forms the basis of many superstitions.39
10316717321Hasty generalizationa fallacy of argument in which an inference is drawn from insufficient data.40
10316717322Non sequitora fallacy of argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another.41
10316717342AlliterationThe repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words (as in "she sells sea shells").42
10316717341AllegoryThe device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning. A story in which each aspect of the story has a symbolic meaning outside the tale itself.43
10316717344AmbiguityThe multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.44
10316717345AnalogyA similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.45
10316717346AntecedentThe word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.46
10316717348AphorismA terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle. (If the authorship is unknown, the statement is generally considered to be a folk proverb.)47
10316717349ApostropheA prayer like figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love. It is an address to someone or something that cannot answer.48
10316717350AtmosphereThe emotional nod created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.49
10316717351Caricaturea verbal description, the purpose of which is to exaggerate or distort, for comic effect, a person's distinctive physical features or other characteristics.50
10316717352ClauseA grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.51
10316717353Colloquial/ColloquialismThe use of slang or informalities in speech or writing.52
10316717354Literary ConceitA fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects; displays intellectual cleverness through unusual comparisons that make good sense53
10316717355ConnotationThe non-literal, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning.54
10316717272Cumulative (Loose) Sentencebegins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause.55
10316717356DenotationThe strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.56
10316717357DictionRelated to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.57
10316717358DidacticFrom the Greek, didactic literally means "teaching."58
10316717359EuphemismFrom the Greek for "good speech," euphemisms are a more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept - POLITICALLY CORRECT59
10316717360Extended MetaphorA metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.60
10316717361Figurative LanguageWriting or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid61
10316717362Figure of speechA device used to produce figurative language. Many compare dissimilar things. Figures of speech include apotrophe hyperbole irony metaphor oxymoron paradox personification simile syneddoche understatement62
10316717363GenreThe major category into which a literary work fits. The basic divisions of literature are prose, poetry, and drama.63
10316717364HomilyThis term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.64
10316717366ImageryThe sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.65
10316717367Inference/inferTo draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented.66
10316717368Invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.67
10316717369Irony/ironicThe contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant, or the difference between what appears to be and what is actually true.68
10316717370Loose sentence/non-periodic sentenceA type of sentence in which the main idea (independent clause) comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses.69
10316717372MetonymyA figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.70
10316717373MoodThe prevailing atmosphere or emotional aura of a work.71
10316717374NarrativeThe telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.72
10316717375onomatopoeiaA figure of speech in which natural sounds are imitated in the sounds of words.73
10316717376OxymoronOxymoron is a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox.74
10316717377ParadoxA statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.75
10316717379ParodyA work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.76
10316717273Periodic Sentencea sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense.77
10316717381Periodic sentenceThe opposite of loose sentence, a sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.78
10316717380PedanticAn adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish (language that might be described as "show-offy"; using big words for the sake of using big words).79
10316717383Point of viewIn literature, the perspective from which a story is told.80
10316717384Prosewritten or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.81
10316717385RepetitionThe duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.82
10316717387SarcasmInvolves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something.83
10316717388SatireA work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.84
10316717389Subordinate clauseLike all clauses, this word group contains both a subject and a verb (plus any accompanying phrases or modifiers), but unlike the independent clause, this clause cannot stand alone; it does not express a complete thought.85
10316717392SyntaxThe way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.86
10316717394ThesisThe sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position.87
10316717395ToneDescribes the author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both.88
10316717396TransitionA word or phrase that links different ideas. Used especially, although not exclusively, in expository and argumentative writing, effectively signal a shift from one idea to another.89
10316717397Understatementthe ironic minimalizing of fact; presents something as less significant than it is.90
10316717398Witin modern usage, intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights.91
10316717399Slippery SlopeThis is the failure to provide evidence to support a claim that one event will lead to a catastrophic chain of events.92
10316717400straw manWhen a writer argues against a claim that nobody actually holds or is universally considered weak.93
10316717401EthosA Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos)94
10316717402JuxtapositionMaking on idea more dramatic by placing it next to its opposite.95
10316717407rhetorical appealthe persuasive devices by which a writer tries to sway an audience's attention and response to any given work. See logos, ethos, and pathos.96
10316717408descriptive detailWhen an essay uses this phrase, look for the writer's sensory description.97
10316717409devicesThe figures of speech, syntax, diction, and other stylistic elements that collectively produce a particular artistic effect.98
10316717410narrative devicesThis term describes the tools of the storyteller (also used in nonfiction), such as ordering events so that they build to a climactic moment or withholding information until a crucial or appropriate moment when revealing it creates a desired effect. On the essay portion of the exam, this term may also apply to biographical and autobiographical writing.99
10316717411narrative techniquesThe style of telling the "story," even if the passage is nonfiction. Concentrate on the order of events and on their detail in evaluating a writer's technique.100
10316717412Ad hominem argumentAn argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue101
10316717414AnecdoteA brief story that illustrates or makes a point102
10316717415Appeal to authorityA fallacy in which a speaker or writer seeks to persuade not by giving evidence but by appealing to the respect people have for a famous person or institution.103
10316717416Argumentationone of the four forms of discourse which uses logic, ethics, and emotional appeals (logos, ethos, pathos) to develop an effective means to convince the reader to think or act in a certain way.104
10316717417AssonanceRepetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity105
10316717419toneA speaker's, author's, or character's disposition toward or opinion of a subject.106
10316717420audienceOne's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.107
10316717421Balanced sentenceA sentence in which words, phrases, or clauses are set off against each other to emphasize a contrast108
10316717422Begging the questionOften called circular reasoning, __ occurs when the believability of the evidence depends on the believability of the claim.109
10316717323understatement"I have to have this operation. It isn't very serious. I have this tiny little tumor on the brain." Holden Caulfield, Catcher in the Rye110
10316717324parallelism"My fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country." John F. Kennedy111
10316717325allusionThe rise in poverty will unlock the Pandora's box of crimes.112
10316717326hyperbole"I'll love you, dear, I'll love you/Till China and Africa meet,/And the river jumps over the mountain"113
10316717327aphorism"Having nothing, nothing can he lose."114
10316717328metonymy"Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears." Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Act I115
10316717329invective"I cannot but conclude the bulk of your natives to be the most pernicious race of little odious vermin that nature ever suffered to crawl upon the surface of the earth." Jonathan Swift Gulliver's Travels116
10316717330antithesis"To err is human; to forgive divine." Alexander Pope "An Essay on Criticism"117
10316717331euphemism"I am one, sir, that comes to tell you your daughter and the Moor are now making the beast with two backs." William Shakespeare Othello118
10316717332periodic sentenceIn spite of heavy snow and cold temperatures, the game continued.119
10316717333paradox"Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it." -Gandhi120
10316717334alliteration"His soul swooned slowly as he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling, like the descent of their last end, upon all the living and the dead."121
10316717335chiasmus"he heard the snow falling faintly through the universe and faintly falling"122
10316717336oxymoron"Yet I should kill thee with much cherishing. / Good night, good night! Parting is such sweet sorrow, / That I shall say good night till it be morrow."123
10316717337personification"Pearl Button swung on the little gate in front of the House of Boxes. It was the early afternoon of a sunshiny day with little winds playing hide-and-seek in it."124
10316717338onomatopoeia"He saw nothing and heard nothing but he could feel his heart pounding and then he heard the clack on stone and the leaping, dropping clicks of a small rock falling."125
10316717339inverted syntax"Patience you must have, my young padawan."126
10316717340spatial description"In my pantry, coffee, tea powder, and sugar have been kept in the top shelf. Flour, canned food, and dry pasta are on the second shelf."127
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ap language Flashcards

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7401938732allusionan indirect or passing reference0
7401944670colloquialisma word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically used in ordinary conversation1
7401952478concreteexisting in a material or physical form, not abstract2
7401959951clausea separate article3
7401974049clichea phrase or opinion that is overused4
7401979120antecdenta thing or event that existed before5
7401990958analogya comparison between two things6
7401995552aphorisma pithy observation that contains a general truth7
7402001696didacticintended to teach8
7402005046authors purposecompel readers to take action9
7402015756appeal to authoritycommon form of argument which leads to a logical fallacy10
7402021822anecdotea short and amusing of interesting story about a real indecent or person11
7402030383ambiguitythe quality of being open to more than one interpretation12
7402036177abstractexisting in thought or as an idea but not have physical or concrete existence13
7402041341antithesisa contrast or opposition between things, two opposing things14
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AP Language Common Terms Flashcards

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7566372962DefinitionGives a meaning to. There are three types0
7566372963FormalDictionary: explains by giving class it belongs to and how it differs from other members of class1
7566372964StipulativeStates the specific way a term is to be used2
7566372965ExtendedGoing beyond a literal meaning to explain the significance, associations, private meanings, and person associated with word/terms3
7566372966ComparisonPoint out similarities. Contrast points out both similarities AND differences. Important in decision making as it allows for one to examine features of two or more subjects.4
7566372967ContrastPoints out differences5
7566372968Cause and EffectExamines Reasons and Results6
7566372969CauseWhen one explores the reasons for an event7
7566372970EffectsIdentifies the result of an event.8
7566372971PersuasionConvinced a reader to adopt a particular view or take particular action while appealing to emotion, values, and beliefs9
7566372972ExemplificationUsing examples to support, explain, or clarify a generalization10
7566372973IllustrationTo literally show, with pictures, how to do something, or, create an argument through visuals11
7566372974ClassificationTaking a number of Items and grouping them into categories12
7566372975DivisionTakes on entity and breaks it down into parts. I.e English department is broken into different grade levels and sections of classes13
7566372976Process AnalysisExplaining how something works or how it is made or done14
7566372977DirectionalGives the steps of the procedure the reader should perform i.e instruction booklet15
7566372978ExplanatoryGives the steps of a procedure that a reader will no perform i.e photosynthesis in biology book.16
7566372979DescriptionUsing words to explain what something looks, sounds, smells, or tastes like. Spatial or Progressive writing orders are often used.17
7566372980SatirePiece of Writing that makes fun of or ridicules a target to make a point18
7566372981Argument by AnalogyAn argument from the particular to the particular. In other words, using a particular truth in a premise to argue towards a similar particular truth in the conclusion19
7566372982NarrativeWriting that Tells a Story20
7566372983EthosAppeals to the writer's character. Can be thought of as the role of the writer in the argument, how credible he and his argument is21
7566372984PathosAppeal to emotions and the sympathetic imagination, as well as to beliefs and values. Can be thought of as the role of the audience in the argument22
7566372985Logosappeals to logic or reason. Can be thought of the text of the argument and how well the writer has argued his point23
7566372986ChronologicalArrange details across time. The event that occurred first written first; the event that occurred second is written second; and so on24
7566372987SpatialArrange details as they appear across space- front to back, near to far, top to bottom, left to right etc.25
7566372988ProgressiveArrange details from the least to the most important, interesting, surprising, and so on. Allows for a big finish26
7566372989MetaphorRefers to one thing as if it were another unlike thing, without using the words like, as resembles, or than.27
7566372990Extended MetaphorsDeveloped through an entire piece28
7566372991AnalogyComparing one thing to another as a way to explain the first item or idea more clearly. i.e arguing through a metaphor29
7566372992AllusionDirect reference to a mythological story, religious text or other pieces of Well-known literature30
7566372993ImageryThe total effect of related sensory images in a work of literature31
7566372994ParadoxA statement that appears contradictory but has some truth behind it32
7566372995MotifThe repetition or variations of an image or an idea in a work used to develop the Universal Idea or characters33
7566372996CacophonyHarsh or discordant sounds in a literary work34
7566372997Parallelism/Parallel StructureThe repetition of similar grammatical structures to express similar or related ideas35
7566372998Point of ViewThe method of narration in a literary work36
7566372999SymbolSomething that's stands for something else, mainly ambiguous concepts or ideas. i.e American flag equals freedom37
7566373000StyleThe unique way in which an author presents his ideas. Diction, syntax, imagery, structure, and content all contribute to a particular_________.38
7566373001HyperboleAn exaggeration, or overstatement, for effect39
7566373002Rhetorical Questionquestions that don't require an answer. There are four kinds40
7566373003Asking the ReaderAddressing the question to the reader expecting the reader to consider the answer41
7566373004Asking the writerWhen the writer asks themselves the question- suggests the writing process42
7566373005CriticizingWhen the writer criticizes in the form of a question43
7566373006Asking and AnsweringWriter asks and Answers question. May serve to aid in organization of the paper44
7566373007UnderstatementOpposite of hyperbole. It is a technique for developing irony and/or humor where one writes or says less than intended45
7566373008DialogueConversation between two or more people within the story46
7566373009ConnotationInterpretive level of a word based on its associated images rather than its literal meaning47
7566373010DenotationLiteral or dictionary meaning of the word48
7566373011EuphemismA more acceptable way of saying something that might be inappropriate or uncomfortable49
7566373012OnomatopoeiaWords that sound like the sound they represent50
7566373013LabelingPutting a new name on a concept in order to illustrate a particular point concerning that concept51
7566373014AntithesisPresentation of two contrasting images/ideas. The ideas are balanced by words, phrases, clauses, or paragraphs52
7566373015AmbiguityVagueness in interpretation of meanings53
7566373016AnecdoteUsing a story from your experience, or someone else's experience, as evidence54
7566373017AlliterationRepetition of the same sound at the beginning of successive words55
7566373018PunA play on words that often has a comic effect. Associated with wit and cleverness56
7566373019AssonanceRepetition of sounds within words57
7566373020JuxtapositionPutting two opposite situations in relation to one another; contrasting ideas or views58
7566373021MetonymyRefers to a person, place, or thing by the name of something closely associated with it59
7566373022Time ShiftsWhen sections of the work are written in other than chronological order60
7566373023FlashbackDevice that allows for a writer to refer to past thoughts, events, or episodes61
7566373024ForeshadowAllows for a writer to show or indicate an event, or idea, beforehand62
7566373025MonologueA speech given by one character63
7566373026DramaticUsually verse composition in which a speaker reveals his character often in relation to a critical situation or event64
7566373027InteriorPiece of writing expressing a character's inner thoughts65
7566373028DictionThe authors choice of words that creates tone, attitude, and style, as well as meaning66
7566373029ColloquialUse of slang in writing; often to create local color and provide an informal tone67
7566373030TechnicalFormal use of words that belong to the subject area.68
7566373031PoeticVocabulary, usage, and phrasing appropriate for verse69
7566373032DidacticPurpose is to instruct or teach; usually formal and focus on moral and ethical concerns70
7566373033SyntaxThe way in which words are ordered; grammatical structure. Basic is subject-verb pattern. Changing this pattern allows the reader to emphasize words or points71
7566373034Complex SentenceA sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause72
7566373035AbruptConsisting of short sentences or even sentence fragments73
7566373036JuxtaposedJoining two opposite clauses together using commas, semicolons, and colons. Forms elliptical meanings74
7566373037RhythmicRecurring alteration of strong and weak elements in the flow of sound and silence in sentences75
7566373038ProsaicWriting with greater irregularity and variety of rhythm and corresponding closer to patterns of everyday speech76
7566373039InvertedThe verb comes before the subject; often used for questions77
7566373040Periodic SentencesA sentence that presents the main idea at the end for emphasis and sentence variety78
7566373041Loose sentencesA sentence that ends in a subordinate clause or a modifying phrase79
7566373042FallaciesA mistake in an argument80
7566373043Ad hominemattack on a person rather than the opponents ideas81
7566373044Slippery SlopeBased on premise of A happens, then through small steps, eventually Z will happen, therefore, in order to prevent Z, we should not encourage A82
7566373045Hasty GeneralizationRushing to a conclusion based on insufficient or biased evidence83
7566373046Red herringDiversionary tactic by avoiding the key issues, often by avoiding opposing arguments rather than addressing them84
7566373047Circular Argumentrestates the argument rather than actually proving it85
7566373048either/orOversimplifying the argument by reducing it to only two sides86
7566373049GeneticConclusion is based on an argument that the origins of a person, idea, institute or theory determine its character87
7566373050ToneThe way the author feels towards the subject88
7566373051AtmosphereIs created by the tone set by the author89
7566373052MoodThe feeling the reader experiences90
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AP English Language Unit V Vocabulary Flashcards

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7743127409MALcomes from a Latin word meaning "bad."0
7743129411MalevolentHaving or showing intense ill will or hatred1
7743130949MaliciousDesiring to cause pain, injury, or distress to another.2
7743133169MalignTo make harsh and often false or misleading statements about.3
7743136721MalnourishedBadly or poorly nourished4
7743138486CATAcomes from the Greek kata, one of whose meanings was "down".5
7743140072cataloguea list of items put down on paper6
7743141590catapulta weapon for hurling missiles down on one's enemies.7
7743145941Cataclysm(1) A violent and massive change of the earth's surface. (2) A momentous event that results in great upheaval and often destruction.8
7743147591CatacombAn underground cemetery of connecting passageways with recessed for tombs.9
7743149560Catalyst(1): A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction or lets it take place under different conditions. (2) Someone or something that brings about or speeds significant change or action.10
7743151612Catatonic(1) Relating to or suffering from a form of schizophrenia. (2) Showing an unusual lack of movement, activity, or expression.11
7743155193PROT/PROTOcomes from Greek and has the basic meaning "first in time" or "first formed".12
7743156702Protagonistthe main character in a literary work.13
7743158321Protocol(1) A code of diplomatic or military rules of behavior. (2) A set of rules for the formatting of data in an electronic communication system.14
7743160205ProtoplasmThe substance that makes up the living parts of cells.15
7743163119Prototype(1) An original model on which something is patterned. (2) A first, full-scale, usually working version of a new type or design.16
7743165260ANTELatin for "before" or "in front of."17
7743167140Antediluvianwhich describes something very old or outdated, literally means "before the flood" - that is, Noah's Flood.18
7743169132Antebellumliterally means "before the war," usually the Civil War.19
7743171527AntechamberAn outer room that leads to another and is often used as a waiting room.20
7743173244Antedate(1) To date something (such as a check) with a date earlier than that of actual writing. (2) To precede in time.21
7743176160Antecedent(1) A word or phrase that is referred to by a pronoun that follows it. (2) An event or cause coming before something.22
7743182191Anterior(1) Located before or toward the front or head. (2) Coming before in time or development.23
7743185334ORTHOthe Greek word for "straight," "right," or "true."24
7743186639OrthodonticsA branch of dentistry that deals with the treatment and correction of crooked teeth and other irregularities.25
7743188710Orthodox(1) Holding established beliefs, especially in religion. (2) Conforming to established rules or traditions; conventional.26
7743190352OrthopedicsThe correction or prevention of deformities of the skeleton.27
7743191891OrthographyThe spelling of words, especially spelling according to standard usage.28
7743193854RECTmeans "straight" or "right."29
7743199631correctto make it right.30
7743209195rectanglea four-sided figure with straight parallel sides.31
7743210997RectitudeMoral integrity.32
7743212647RectifyTo set right; remedy.33
7743216840Rectilinear(1) Moving in or forming a straight line. (2) Having many straight lines.34
7743218821DirectiveSomething that guides or directs; especially, a general instruction from a high-level body or official.35
7743221066EUcomes from the Greek word for "well"; in English words it can also mean "good" or "true"36
7743222228EugenicRelating to or fitted for the production of good offspring through controlled breeding.37
7743224781EuphemismAn agreeable or inoffensive word or expression that is substituted for one that may offend or disgust.38
7743227980EuphoriaA strong feeling of well-being or happiness.39
7743229728Eulogy(1) A formal speech or writing especially in honor of a dead person. (2) High praise.40
7743233642DYSit means "bad" or "difficult."41
7743236071dysphagiadifficulty swallowing42
7743238189dyspneadifficult or labored breathing.43
7743239760DystopiaAn imaginary place where people lead dehumanized and often fearful lives.44
7743241205DyslexiaA disturbance or interference with the ability to read or to use language.45
7743243742Dyspeptic(1) Relating to or suffering from indigestion. (2) having an irritable temperament; ill-humored.46
7743247832DysplasiaAbnormal development of cells or organs, or an abnormal structure resulting from such growth.47
7743250808A fortioriAll the more certainly.48
7743253039A posterioriRelating to or derived by reasoning from known or observed facts.49
7743254390A prioriRelating to or derived by reasoning from self-evident propositions.50
7743256662Bona fide(1) Made in good faith, without deceit. (2) Authentic or genuine51
7743258805Carpe diemEnjoy the pleasures or opportunities of the moment without concern about the future.52
7743260815Caveat EmptorLet the buyer beware.53
7743262287Corpus delicti(1) The substantial and basic fact or facts necessary to prove that a crime has been committed. (2) the material substance, such as the murdered body, on which a crime has been committed.54
7743264450Curriculum vitaeA short summary of one's career and qualifications, typically prepared by an applicant for a position; resume.55
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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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9463987757anecdoteshort tale narrating an interesting or amusing biographical event0
9464004499dictionword choice1
9464007509denotationthe straightforward (dictionary) meaning of a word2
9464007510connotationemotional overtones of a word: poison, victim, seized3
9464021892euphemisma more agreeable word substituted for an unpleasant word (died/passed away)4
9464024128colloquialismslang and use of familiar expressions5
9464038420allusionreference to history, mythology, religion or literature6
9464038421analogyillustration of an idea by means of a more familiar idea that is similar or parallel7
9464041237apostropheaddressing an absent figure or abstraction8
9464041238extended metaphora metaphor defined with several examples9
9464073829hyperboleextreme exaggeration10
9464073830juxtapositionthe placing of two unlike things close to each other11
9464104910oxymoronconjoining contradictory terms12
9464119790paradoxa statement that seems impossible or not true but that proves true13
9464119791understatementminimalizes a fact14
9464140265shiftchange in position; movement15
9464144426satirewriting that exposes the failings of individuals, institutions, or societies to ridicule or scorn in order to change it16
9464146898inferenceinformation derived by reasoning17
9464146899invectivethe harsh denunciation of some person or thing in abusive speech or writing18
9464146900parodyimitation of serious work or style in a ridiculous manner19
9464171827sarcasmtechnique that ridicules through caustic language20
9464169683lampoonimitation in writing harsh satire directed toward an individual or thing21
9464193654syntaxthe way in which words or phrases are ordered and connected to form sentences; or the set of grammatical rules governing such order22
9464185505styleblend of choices about diction, syntax, and figurative language unique to individuals23
9464222273antecedentword referred to by a pronoun24
9468277886antithesisa balance of opposites25
9468280691clausegroup of words with a subject and a verb; can be independent or subordinate26
9468286507loose sentencetype of sentence in which the main clause comes first27
9468288814periodic sentencemain idea comes last in the sentence28
9468298276pacingrate at which a text develops based on length and arrangement of sentences29
9468298277parallelismthe arrangement of similarly constructed clauses or sentences suggesting some correspondence between them30
9468333831repetitionrepeating a word or phrase for emphasis31
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AP Language Terms Flashcards

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7241490564Active voiceA sentence with a ___ verb. ex) He planted his seeds in the garden.0
7241504453AnadiplosisThe last word of the clause begins the next clause, creating a connection of ideas important to the author's purpose in some way.1
7241526586analogysignifies a relational comparison of or similarity between two objects or ideas ex) a heart and a pump2
7241545365anaphoradeliberate repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of several successive poetic lines, prose sentences, clauses, or paragraphs. Often used when politicians make promises.3
7241572131anastrophethe reversal of he natural order of words in a sentence or line in poetry. Shakespeare did this a lot. ex) The poisoned apple she ate to her gave cramps of a serious nature.4
7241605018antithesisAn observation or claim opposite to your/the author's claim. ex)if claim is drill wells, it would be to divert water from river5
7241647984aphorismA brief statement of an opinion or elemental truth. Normally only in multiple choice section.6
7241687046apostropheprayer-like, this is a direct address to someone not present, (deity, muse, God, etc.) Rarely on test, but is significant and most likely pathos7
7241715136argument from ignoranceargument that something is true because it has never been proven false (can go two ways)8
7241722188asyndetonThe deliberate omission of conjunctions from a series of related independent clauses. The effect is to create a tight, concise and forceful sentence. ex) All the orcs ate the food, broke the dishes, trashed the hall, said they'd be back tomorrow.9
7241754173begging the questionan argument that introduces a claim that includes word or phrase that needs to be defined before the argument can proceed10
7241819587chiasmusABBA syntactical structure rather than more common ABAB structure. ex) Ask not what your country (a) can do for you (b), but what you (b) can do for your country (a).11
7241865214complex sentencea sentence that is a combination of a dependent and an independent clause12
7241868356compound-complex sentencea combination of a complex and a compound sentence13
7242482754declarative sentencebasic statement or assertion14
7242485172deductivean argument formed based off of claims or premises15
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