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AP English Literature: Lit Terms Flashcards

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4304224832Allegorystory or poem in which elements stand for other people or for abstract ideas or qualities0
4304233354Anaphorarepetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences in a row1
4304235638Ananstropheinversion of the usual, normal, or logical order of the parts of a sentence2
4304241217Antimetabolerepetition of words in successive clauses in reverse grammatical order3
4304242366Antithesisbalancing words, phrases, or ideas that are strongly contrasted, often by means of grammatical structure4
4304245196Aphorismbrief, cleverly worded statement that makes a wise observation about life, or of a principle or accepted general truth5
4304247774Apostrophecalling out to an imaginary, dead, or absent person, or to a place or thing, or a personified abstract idea.6
4304249426Invocationasking a god or goddess for inspiration7
4304250290Appositionplacing in immediately succeeding order of two or more coordinate elements, the latter of which is an explanation, qualification, or modification of the first (often set by a colon)8
4304254906Assonancethe repetition of similar vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds especially in words that are together9
4304256214Asyndetoncommas used without conjunction to separate a series of words, thus emphasizing the parts equally10
4304257604Balanceconstructing a sentence so that both halves are about the same length and importance11
4304271108Chiasmusin poetry; a type of rhetorical balance in which the second part is syntactically balanced against the first, but with the parts reversed (flowers are lovely, love is flowerlike)12
4304280934Conceitan elaborate metaphor that compares two things that are startlingly different13
4304282508Confessional Poetrya twentieth century term used to describe poetry that uses intimate material from the poets life14
4304291626Dictiona speaker or writer's choice of words15
4304292959Didacticform of fiction or nonfiction that teaches a specific lesson or moral or provides a model of correct behavior or thinking16
4304295668Elegya poem of mourning, usually about someone who has died17
4304297332Epanalepsisdevice of repetition in which the same expression is repeated both at the beginning and at the end of the line, clause, or sentence18
4304308940Epithetan adjective or adjective phrase applied to a person or thing that is frequently used to emphasize a characteristic quality19
4304314021Argumentationone of the four forms of discourse which uses logic, ethics, and emotional appeals20
4304315219Persuasionrelies more on emotional appeals than on facts21
4304316378Argumentform of a persuasion that appeals to reason instead of emotion to convince an audience to think or act in a certain way22
4304333965Explicationact of interpreting or discovering the meaning of a text, usually involves close reading and special attention to figurative language23
4304336181Fablea very short story told in prose or poetry that teaches a practical lesson about how to succeed in life24
4304338207Farcea type of comedy in which ridiculous and often stereotyped characters are involved in silly, far-fetched situations25
4304365520Hypotacticsentence marked by the use of connecting words between clauses or sentences, explicitly showing the logical or other relationships between them26
4304381497Litotesa form of understatement in which the positive form is emphasized through the negation of a negative form27
4304383473Local Colora term applied to emphasis on a particular setting, including its customs, clothing, dialect and landscape28
4304385977Lyric Poema poem that does not tell a story but expresses the personal feelings or thoughts of the speaker29
4304388320Balladtells a story- type of dramatic poem30
4304393317Metonymya figure of speech in which a person, place, or thing is referred to by something closely associated with it31
4304395984Parablea short story that teaches a moral32
4304396619Parallel Structurethe repetition of words or phrases that have similar grammatical structures33
4304398219Paratactic Sentencesimply juxtaposes clauses or sentences34
4304411012Periodicsentence that places the main idea or central complete though at the end of the sentence, after all introductory elements35
4304413886Polysyndentonsentence which uses conjunction with NO commas to separate the items in a series36
4304415528Refrainword or phrase repeated several times within a poem for effect37
4304419062Synechdochea figure of speech in which a part represents the whole38
4304420749Telegraphic Sentencea sentence shorter than five words in length39
4304421276Tricolonsentence of three parts of equal importance and length, usually three independent clauses40

AP Language Flashcards

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7368192533AudienceThe listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences0
7368192534ConcessionAn acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument1
7368195565ConnotationMeanings or associations that readers have with a word beyond its dictionary definition or denotation. Connotations are usually positive or negative, and they can greatly affect the authors tone. Consider the connotations of the words below, all of which mean "overweight". The cat is plump, fat, obese2
7368195566ContextThe circumstances, atmosphere, attitude and events surrounding a text3
7368198432CounterargumentAn opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward. Rather than ignoring a counterargument, a strong writer will usually address it through the process of concession and refutation4
7368201643EthosGreek for "character". Speakers appeal to ethos to demonstrate that they are credible and trustworthy to speak on a given topic. Ethos is established by both who you are and what you say5
7368201644LogosGreek for "embodied thought". Speakers appeal to logos or reason, by offering clear, rational ideas and using specific details, examples, facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up6
7368205338OccasionThe time and place a speech is given or a piece is written7
7368208113PathosGreek for "suffering" or "experience". Speakers appeal to pathos to emotionally motivate their audience. More specific appeals to pathos might play on the audiences values, desires and hopes, on the one hand, or fears and prejudices on the other.8
7368208114PersonaGreek for "mask". The face or character a speaker shows to his or her audience9
7368210069PolemicGreek for "hostile". An aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others. Polemics generally do not concede that opposing opinions have any merit.10
7368210070PropagandaThe spread of ideas and information to further a cause. In its negative sense, propaganda is the use of rumors, lies, disinformation, and scare tactics in order to damage or promote a cause11
7368212614PurposeThe goal the speaker wants to achieve12
7368214777RefutationA denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, refutations often follow a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable13
7368214778RhetoricAs Aristotle defined the term, "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion". in other words, it is the art of finding ways to persuade an audience14
7368217241Rhetorical AppealsRhetorical techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing what they find most important or compelling. The three major appeals are to ethos(character), logos(reason), and pathos(emotion)15
7368223739Rhetorical triangle(Aristotelian Triangle)A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text16
7368223740SOAPSA mnemonic device that stands for Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, and Speaker. It is a handy way to remember the various elements that make up a rhetorical situation17
7368223741SpeakerThe person or group who creates a text. This might be a politician who delivers a speech, a commentor who writes an article, an artist who draws a political cartoon18
7368226122SubjectThe topic of a text. What the text is about19
7368226123TextWhile this term generally means the written word, in the humanities it has come to mean any cultural product that can be "read"- meaning not just consumed and comprehended, but investigated. This includes fiction, nonfiction, poetry, political cartoons, fine art photography, performances, fashion, cultural trends.20

AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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5745718545personificationthe attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman0
5745720602anaphorathe use of a word referring to or replacing a word used earlier in a sentence1
5745723305chiasmusa rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form2
5745726762understatementthe presentation of something as being smaller, worse or less important than it actually is3
5745728650metaphora figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable4
5745732570paradoxa statement that, despite apparently sound reasoning from true premises, leads to a self-contradictory or logically unacceptable conclusion5
5745736847similea figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing of a different kind6
5745739174metonymythe substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant7
5745743214allusionan expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference8
5745745859repetitionthe action of repeating something that has already been said or written9
5745747494inversionthe normal order of words is reversed in order to achieve a particular effect or emphasis10
5745750262apostrophewhen a speaker directly addresses someone or something not present11
5745753416ironya contrast of incongruity between expectations for a situation and what is reality12
5745755483alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words13
5745757569euphemisma mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to someone unpleasant or embarrasing14
5745764432rhetorical questiona question that you ask without expecting an answer15
5745766046hyperboleexaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally16

AP Language AP Test Flashcards

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4242968995abstractAn abbreviated synopsis of a longer work of scholarship or research. Dealing with or tending to deal with a subject apart from a particular or specific instance.0
4242975176Ad HominemDirected to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead of to intellect or reason.1
4243031484AdageA saying or proverb containing a truth based on experience and often couched in metaphorical language. Example "There is more than one way to skin a cat"2
4243038759AllegoryA story in which a second meaning is to be read beneath the surface3
4243041250AlliterationThe repetition of one or more initial consonants in a group of words or lines in a poem.4
4243045127AllusionA reference to a person, place, or event meant to create an effect or enhance the meaning of an idea.5
4243048790AmbiguityA vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack of clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations6
4243052906AnachronismA person, scene, event, or other element that fails to correspond with the appropriate time or era7
4243058715AnalogyA comparison that points out similarities between two dissimilar things; a passage that points out several similarities between two unlike things is called an extended analogy.8
4243064834anecdoteA brief narrative often used to illustrate or make a point9
4243070351AnnotationA brief explanation, summary, or evaluation of a text or work of literature10
4243075022AntagonistA character or force in a work of literature that, by opposing the protagonist, produces tension or conflict11
4243079689AntecdentA word to which a pronoun refers12
4243081431AntithesisA rhetorical opposition or contrast of ideas by means of a grammatical arrangement of words, clauses, or sentences, as in the following,"They promised freedom but provided slavery." "Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country."13
4243091070AphorismA short, pithy statement of a generally accepted truth or sentiment14
4243092948ApollonianIt refers to the most noble, godlike qualities of human nature and behavior15
4243101602ApostropheA locution that addresses a person or personified thing not present16
4243105721ArchCharacterized by clever or sly humor, often saucy, playful, and somewhat irreverent17
4243108943ArchetypeAn abstract or ideal conception of a type; a perfectly typical example; an original model or form18

AP Spanish Language Cram Review Flashcards

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4350444536el medioambiente/ambientalevironment0
4350445096la sostentabilidadsustainabilty1
4350445483la éticaEthics2
4350447242los negociosbusiness; commerce3
4350448640polémicocontroversial4
4350448641marginaciónmarginalization5
4350449237recursosresources6
4350450208diversidaddiversity7
4350450209atributosAttributes8
4350451153desarrollodevelopment9
4350452341hacerse (se hizo)to become10
4350453232acesoaccess11
4350453988la escasezshortage12
4350453989la crisiscrisis13
4350454473crecimientogrowth14
4350455096aumentarto increase15
4350456264el éxitosuccess16
4350456829inversionesinvestments17
4350456830desafíochallenge18
4350458059envejecimientoaging19
4350458060lanzarto launch20
4350458779alcanzarto reach21
4350459308apoyarto support22
4350459309lograr/ logrosto achieve23
4350461770se puede...one can24
4350463808si hubiera___ado/ido ho/toentonces (infinitive +_____ía)25
4350467290Si yo fuera en tu lugar,yo (conditional.... estudaría más et cetera) ___ía26
4350470085Quiere decirmeans27
4350470595o seain other words28
4350471211por esotherefore29
4350471212Creo queI think that30
4350472185Es obvio queit's obvious that31
4350472853Dudo que ___subjunctiveI doubt that32
4350473901lo que importa es que ___ subjunctiveThe important thing is that____33
4350476632Lo triste (insert adjective) es que____The sad (adjective) part about this is that _____34
4350478344¡Qué triste (insert adjective)!How sad(adjective)!35
4350479555La verdad es que ____actually36
4350479556realizarto perform, to accomplish37
4350481268para empezar (Primero)to begin with38
4350482193para continuar (además/también)to continue39
4350484999para concluir (finalmente)to conclude40
4350485713según la fuente INTEGRATE AT LEAST ONE QUOTEaccording to the source41
4350488361dice relata reporta explica indica analizaways to say "Says" creatively42
4350490760semejanzas diferenciassimilarities and differences43
4350491856ventajas desventajasadvantages disadvantages44
4350495249por el otro lado por UNA mano, por la otrato highlight a counter argument45
4350499138opino que creo que pienso que sugiero queways to give your point of view46
4350500542pero en cambio al contrariotransition words to disagree47
4350502192como resultado de otro mododrawing conclusion48
4350503448sobre todo por ejemplohighlighting supporting details49
4350504958ONUUnited Nations50
4350505583ONG (Kiva, Doctores sin Fronteras)non-governmental organization51
4350576083cifrasfigures52
4350577278estadisticasstatistics53
4350578533tabla la imagen el gráficochart image graphic54

Vagina Flashcards

Terms : Hide Images
6628284412Labia majoraOuter fold of vagina0
6628284413Labia minoraInner fold of vagina1
6628286164ClitorisBehind the pubic bone2
6628286165Urethra3
6628286166Vaginal canalFirst portion, about 4 inches4
6628288136Cervix5
6628288137External Os6
6628290386Fallopian TubeUterine7
6628293040Ovarian LigamintTissues that connects to the ovaries8

AP Literature Terms Flashcards

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5964692179ToneAuthor's implicit attitude towards reader or people, events, etc in a work. Revealed by the elements of style.0
5964703156SyntaxOrdering of words into meaningful verbal patterns (ie. phrases, clauses). Often used to place emphasis on a word.1
5964709600PersonaSpeaker created by the writer to tell a story/speak in a poem. Separate self: not a character, does not reflect author's personal voice.2
5964716310SpeakerVoice used by an author to tell a story. Often a created identity, not necessarily equated with the author.3
5964736456Free Verse (open form)Nonconformity to established patterns of meter, rhyme, and stanza. Uses speech patterns, grammar, emphasis and breath pauses to decide line breaks. Usually does not rhyme.4
5964756911StanzaA grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme.5
5964761418Rhyme SchemeThe pattern of end rhymes. Mapped out by noting patterns where the first rhyme sound is a, the second is b, etc.6
5964773136Couplet2 consecutive lines of poetry that usually rhyme and have the same meter.7
5964780384Heroic CoupletA couplet in rhymed iambic pentameter.8
5964787624QuatrainA four line stanza, can have various meters and rhyme schemes.9
5964790052SonnetFixed form of lyric poetry with 14 lines (often in iambic pentameter). Two types: Italian/Petrarchan and English.10
5964804028Petrarchan (Italian) SonnetDivided into an octave (typically rhymes abbaabba) and a sestet (which can have varying rhyme schemes). Octave tends to present situation or problem which the sestet comments upon or resolves.11
5964832538Shakespearean (English) SonnetOrganized into 3 quatrains and a couplet, typically rhyming abab, cdcd, efef, gg. Has flexibility with thematic breaks but most pronounced break tends to come with concluding couplet.12
5964849143OctaveA stanza consisting of 8 lines.13
5964850568SestetA stanza consisting of exactly 6 lines.14
5964856500VillanelleA fixed form of poetry consisting of 19 lines of any length divided into 6 stanzas: 5 tercets and a concluding quatrain. The 1st and 3rd lines of the initial tercet rhyme and this rhyme is repeated in the subsequent tercets (aba) and the final 2 lines of the quatrain (abaa). Line 1 appears in its entirety in lines 6, 12 and 18. Likewise for line 3 in lines 9, 15, and 1915
5964894047ElegyA mournful, contemplative lyric poem written to commemorate someone who is dead, usually ending in a consolation. May also be a serious, meditative poem to express a speaker's melancholy thoughts.16
5964895944OdeA relatively long lyric poem that often expresses lofty emotions in a dignified style. Characterized by a serious topic (truth, freedom, meaning of life) and tends to have a serious tone.17
5964895945PastoralA work of literature presenting an idealized version of country life.18
5964943031End RhymeRhyme at the end of the lines.19
5964945400Internal RhymePlaces at least one of the rhymed words within the line.20
5964952959Masculine RhymeThe rhyming of single-syllable words. Also occurs in words with more than one syllable when the same sound occurs in the final stressed syllable.21
5964968282Feminine RhymeRhymed stressed syllable followed by one or more identical unstressed syllables.22
5964976903Near Rhyme (slant rhyme)The sounds are almost but not exactly alike.23
5964983130OnomatopoeiaThe use of a word that resembles the sound it denotes (buzz, rattle, bang). Can also be more than one word.24
5964989276AlliterationRepetition of same consonant sounds, based on sound not spelling.25
5964998651AssonanceRepetition of internal vowel sounds in nearby words that do not end the same (aslEEp under a trEE)26
5965006820ConsonanceA type of near rhyme that consists of identical consonant sounds preceded by different vowel sounds (home and same)27
5965011517EuphonyLanguage that is smooth and musically pleasant to the ear.28
5965011518CacophonyLanguage that is discordant and difficult to pronounce.29
5965667250Implied MetaphorSubtle comparison where the two items being compared are not specifically explained.30
5965672014Extended MetaphorSustained comparison where all or part of a poem consists of a series of related metaphors.31
5965676517PersonificationMetaphor where human characteristics are applied to nonhuman things.32
5965676518SynecdocheMetaphor in which part of something is used to signify the whole.33
5965677492MetonymyMetaphor in which something closely associated with a subject is substituted for it. (ie. crown for king)34
5965686051HyperboleAn exaggerated statement that adds emphasis without intending to be literally true.35
5965692482UnderstatementFigure of speech that says less than intended, usually has an ironic effect.36
5965694421ParadoxA statement that appears to be contradictory but then, upon closer inspection, turns out to make sense.37
5965695522OxymoronA condensed form of paradox in which 2 contradictory words are used together.38
5965699169DictionA writer's choice of words, phrases, sentence structures, etc. which combine to help create meaning.39
5965702460Formal DictionDignified, impersonal, and elevated use of language - lofty tone40
5965705002Informal DictionPlain, everyday language (slang, contractions, etc)41
5965708474DenotationDictionary meaning of a word42
5965709624ConnotationAssociations and implications beyond the literal meaning of a word.43
5965719115RhythmRecurrence of stressed and unstressed sounds in poetry.44
5965722441Stress/AccentEmphasis (or accent) given a syllable in pronunciation.45
5965725555MeterRhythmic pattern of stresses that recurs in a poem. Rising meter: metrical feet which move from unstressed to stressed Falling meter: metrical feet which move from stressed to unstressed.46
5965725556FootMetrical unit by which a line of poetry is measured. Usually consists of 1 stressed and 1-2 unstressed syllables.47
5965740346Iamb1 unstressed then 1 stressed48
5965740347Trochee1 stressed then 1 unstressed49
5965740348Anapest2 unstressed then 1 stressed50
5965740870Dactyl1 stressed then 2 unstressed51
5965743720Spondee2 stressed - not a sustained metrical foot, used more for variety or emphasis52
5965750244LineSequence of words printed as a separate entity on the page. Usually measure by number of feet they contain (monometer-octameter)53
5965751685Iambic PentameterMetrical pattern in poetry with 5 iambic feet per line54
5965756780Blank VerseUnrhymed iambic pentameter.55
5965757736CaesuraPause within a line of poetry that contributes to the rhythm of the line. Indicated by a double vertical line.56
5965763636End-stopped lineA poetic line with a pause at the end. Often marked by punctuation.57
5965768611EnjambmentWhen one line ends without a pause and continues into the next line for its meaning58
6737663655AllegoryA story in which people, things and events have another meaning59
6737663656ApostropheDirect address to someone/something that is not actually there60
6737663657DidacticExplicitly instructive and intending to teach61
6737663658EpigramBrief and pointed form of verse62
6737663659EuphemismIndirection to avoid offensive bluntness i.e deceased for dead63
6737663660AlludionReference in a work of literature to something outside of the work64
6737663661SoliloquyMonologue in which the character is alone and speaking his/her thoughts aloud65
6737663662SyllogismTwo statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them66
6738042425AntecedenrWord, phrase, clause to which pronoun refers -comes before67
6738042426ModernistWriting from WW1 to pre-WW268

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