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AP Language Terms Flashcards

3750278875	Elegaic	Expressing sorrow	0
3750278876	Perfunctory	Characterized by routine or superficiality; mechanical	1
3750278877	Staid	Sedate; somber	2
3750278878	Disquiet	To take away peace or tranquility; worry	3
3750278879	Incongruity	The quality of disagreeing; out of place	4
3750278880	Gregarious	Sociable	5
3750278881	Nebulous	Hazy; vague	6
3750278882	Laudatory	Expressing praise	7
3750278883	Chimerical	Imaginary	8
3750278884	Provincial	Concerning a country or empire	9
3750278885	Clandestine	Executed with secrecy	10
3750278886	Exuberance	Full of energy	11
3750278887	Reticent	Not revealing ones thoughts	12
3750278888	Assiduous	Showing great care	13
3750278889	Vilify	Speaks or write about abusively	14
3750278890	Enervate	Causing someone to feel drained of energy	15
3750278891	Detritus	Waste	16
3750278892	Gustatory	Concerned with taste	17
3750278893	Callow	Inexperienced or immature	18
3750278894	Panegyric	Formal public speech delivered in high praise of something	19
3750278895	Magnanimous	Greatly generous	20
3750278896	Disconsolate	Without consolation; unhappy or discomfort	21
3750278897	Mendacious	Lying	22
3750278898	Timorous	Showing or suffering from nervousness or lack of confidence	23
3750278899	Effuse	To give off or to talk in an excited manner	24
3750278900	Pugilistic	A boxer	25
3750278901	Atoll	A ring shaped reef formed of coral	26
3750278902	Iconoclast	Person who attacks religious beliefs	27
3750278903	Anomalous	Deviating from the norm	28
3750278904	Dilatory	Slow to act; intended to cause delay	29
3796038089	Defenstrate	To throw someone out the window	30
3796038090	Gauche	Lacking ease or grace; unsophisticated and socially awkward	31
3796038091	Diatribe	A forceful and bitter verbal attack against someone or something	32
3796038092	Charlatan	A person falsely claiming to have a special knowledge or skill; fraud	33
3796038093	Subterfuge	Deceit used in order to achieve ones goal	34
3796038094	Denigrate	Criticize unfairly; disparage	35
3796038095	Maelstrom	A powerful whirlpool; or a situation or state of confused movement	36
3796038096	Truculent	Eager or quick to argue or fight; aggressive defiant	37
3796038097	Specious	Superficially plausible, but actually wrong; misleading in appearance	38
3796038098	Dilettante	A person with amateur interest in the arts	39
3834507806	Perspicacity	The quality of having a ready insight into things; shrewdness	40
3834507807	Artisan	Skilled craftsmen or workman	41
3834507808	Altruistic	Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well being of others; unselfish	42
3834507809	Conciliatory	Intended or likely to placate or pacify	43
3834507810	Acerbic	Sharp and forthright; tasting sour or bitter	44
3834507811	Indigence	A state of extreme poverty	45
3834507812	Extradition	The action of extraditing a person accused or convicted of a crime	46
3834507813	Forbearance	Tolerance; self control or the act of refraining from exercising a legal right	47
3834507814	Zeitgeist	Spirit of the time; the emotional drive in the culture of people at the time	48
3834507815	Deprecate	Expressing disapproval of	49
3887126367	Auspicious	Conducive to success; favorable or characterized by success	50
3887126368	Arcane	Understood by few; mysterious or secret	51
3887126369	Convivial	Friendly, lively, enjoyable, cheerful	52
3887126370	Obdurate	Stubbornly refusing to change ones opinion or course of action	53
3887126371	Transitory	Not permanent	54
3887126372	Imperious	Assuming power or authority without justification; arrogant and domineering	55
3887126373	Monolithic	Formed of a single block of stone; or a large, powerful, uniform and indivisible organization	56
3887126374	Equivocate	Use ambiguous language to conceal the truth or avoid committing oneself	57
3887126375	Extemporaneous	Spoken or done without preparation	58
3887126376	Copacetic	In excellent order	59
3937601158	Dint	A force	60
3937601159	Vicarious	Taking the place of another person or thing	61
3937601160	Lassitude	A state of physical or mental weariness; lack of energy	62
3937601161	Licentious	Promiscuous and unprincipled in sexual matters; the disregard of rules	63
3937601162	Pecuniary	Consisting of or relating to money	64
3937601163	Avocation	Hobby or occupation	65
3937601164	Efficacy	Ability to produce a desired result	66
3937601165	Ubiquitous	Present, appearing, or found everywhere	67
3937601166	Moribund	A person at the point of death	68
3937601167	Insipid	Lacking flavor or vigor or interest	69
3989039077	Suppliant	A person making a humble plea to someone in power or authority	70
3989039078	Feckless	Lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible	71
3989039079	Indolent	Wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy	72
3989039080	Lugubrious	Looking or sounding sad and dismal	73
3989039081	Ribald	Referring to sexual matters in an amusingly rude or irreverent way	74
3989039082	Dissemble	To conceal ones true motives, feelings, or beliefs	75
3989039083	Dissimulation	Concealment of ones thoughts, feelings, or character; pretense	76
3989039084	Expectorate	To cough or spit phlegm from throat or lungs	77
3989039085	Palpate	To examine a part of the body by touch especially for medical purposes	78
3989039086	Peremptory	Insisting on immediate attention or obedience, especially in an imperious way	79
4038953141	Pusillanimous	Showing a lack of courage or determination; timid	80
4038953142	Capacious	Having a lot of space inside; roomy	81
4038953143	Ignominy	Public shame or disgrace	82
4038953144	Phlegmatic	Having an unemotional and calm disposition	83
4038953145	Prostrate	Lying stretched out on the ground faced downward	84
4038953146	Gestalt	An organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts	85
4038953147	Aplomb	Self confidence when in a demanding situation	86
4038953148	Cognizance	Knowledge; awareness	87
4038953149	Collusion	Secret or illegal cooperation or conspiracy in or to cheat or deceive others	88
4038953150	Hegemony	Leadership or dominance especially by a specific group over others	89
4081851391	Vapid	Offering nothing that is stimulating or challenging	90
4081851392	Paradigm	An example or pattern of something; model	91
4081851393	Unctuous	Excessively flattering; oily	92
4081851394	Urbane	Suave, courteous, and refined in manner	93
4081851395	Ambulatory	Relating to walking or a place for walking	94
4081851396	Ennui	Feeling of dissatisfaction arising from lack of excitement or occupation (boredom)	95
4081851397	Inscrutable	Impossible to understand	96
4081851398	Prognosticate	Foretell or predict	97
4081851399	Schism	A split or division between strongly opposed sections or parties	98
4081851400	Austere	Severe or strict; having an extremely plain lifestyle	99
4120805569	Corpulent	Fat	100
4120805570	Jocund	Cheerful and lighthearted	101
4120805571	Sanguine	Optimistic and positive	102
4120805572	Strident	Loud and harsh	103
4120805573	Remonstrance	A forcefully reproachful protest	104
4120805574	Scintillate	To emit flashes of light; sparkle	105
4120805575	Vitiate	To spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of	106
4120805576	Brigand	A member of a gang that ambushes and robs people in forests and mountains	107
4120805577	Incendiary	Designed to cause fires	108
4120805578	Laconic	Using very few words	109
4155306206	Discursive	Distressing from subject to subject	110
4155306207	Mien	A persons look or manner that may indicate their character or mood	111
4155306208	Veracity	Conformity to facts or accuracy	112
4155306209	Ethereal	Extremely delicate and light in a way that seems to perfect for this world	113
4155306210	Nascent	Just coming into existence and beginning to display signs of potential	114
4155306211	Nonplussed	A person that is surprised and confused so much that they don't know how to react; perplexed	115
4155306212	Fatuous	Silly and pointless	116
4155306213	Pernicious	Having a harmful effect especially in a subtle way	117
4155306214	Febrile	Having or showing nervousness, excitement, energy, or symptoms of fever	118
4155306215	Obfuscate	To render unclear	119

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ap English literature Flashcards

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4648782363	allegory	the device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meanin	0
4648783841	Alliteration	the repetion of sounds, especially inital constant sounds in two or more neighboring words	1
4648784704	Allusion	a direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place or work of art	2
4648785166	4. Ambiguity	the multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence or passage	3
4648785609	5. Analogy	a similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them	4
4648785610	6. Anaphora	one of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses or sentences	5
4648786266	7. Anecdote	a short narrative detailing particulars of an interesting episode or event	6
4648786267	8. Antihero	a protagonist (main character) who is markedly unheroic: morally weak, cowardly, dishonest etc...	7
4648788147	9. Antithesis	A person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else.	8
4648786616	10. Apostrophe	when a speaker breaks off from addressing one party and instead addresses a third party	9
4648786617	11. Archetype	a typical character, an action or a situation that seems to represent such universal patterns of human nature	10
4648788498	12. Assonance	n poetry, the repetition of the sound of a vowel in non-rhyming stressed syllables near enough to each other for an echo effect	11
4648788842	13. Catharsis	the process of releasing, and thereby providing relief from, strong or repressed emotions.	12
4648788843	14. Conceit	a fanciful expression in writing or speech; an elaborate metaphor	13
4648789912	15. Connotation	a meaning that is implied by a word apart from the thing which it describes explicitly	14
4648789913	16. Consonance	the recurrence of similar sounds, such as consonants, in close proximity	15
4648790708	17. Diction	word choice; also called syntax	16
4648790709	18. Elegy	a poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead	17
4648791790	19. Enjambment	practice of running lines of poetry from one to the next without using any kind of punctuation to indicate a stop	18
4648791791	20. Ethos	appeal to ethics, and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader	19
4648792217	21. Foil	a character who, by contrast, highlights the characteristics of another character	20
4648794453	22. Free verse	poetry that is written without a regular meter, usually without ryme	21
4648794454	23. Hubris	in Greek tragedies, excessive pride toward or defiance of the gods, leading to nemesis	22
4648794776	24. Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally	23
4648794777	25. Irony (situational, verbal, and dramatic)	-when incongruity appears between expectations of something to happen, and what actually happens instead - person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning -irony that is inherent in speeches or a situation of a drama and is understood by the audience but not grasped by the characters in the play.	24
4648795079	26. juxtaposition	echnique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts	25
4648795577	27. Litotes	figure of speech which employs an understatement by using double negatives or, in other words, positive statement is expressed by negating its opposite expressions.	26
4648795578	28. Metonymy	the substitution of the name of an attribute or adjunct for that of the thing meant	27
4648796032	29. Monologue	he speech or verbal presentation that a single character presents in order to express his/her collection of thoughts and ideas aloud	28
4648796904	30. Motif	any recurring element that has symbolic significance in a story	29
4648796905	31. Onomatopoeia	the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named; cuckoo; sizzle	30
4648798169	32. Oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunctio	31
4648798170	33. Paradox	a statement or proposition that leads to a conclusion that seems senseless, logically unacceptable, or self-contradictory	32
4648798718	34. Parody	an imitation of the style of a particular writer, artist, or genre with deliberate exaggeration for comic effect	33
4648798719	35. Pathos	appeal to the emotions of an audience	34
4648799550	37. Point of View	the perspective from which a story is presented	35
4648799551	38. Protagonist	the leading character or one of the major characters in a literary work	36
4648800296	39. Proverb	a brief, simple and popular saying, or a phrase that gives advice and effectively embodies a commonplace truth based on practical experience or common sense	37
4648800297	40. Rhyme Scheme	a poet's deliberate pattern of lines that rhyme with other lines in a poem or a stanza.	38
4648800939	41. Satire (Juvenalian and Horatian)	-addresses social evil through scorn, outrage, and savage ridicule. This form is often pessimistic, characterized by irony, sarcasm, moral indignation and personal invective, with less emphasis on humor. - Satire in which the voice is indulgent, tolerant, amused, and witty.	39
4648800940	42. Soliloquy	an act of speaking one's thoughts aloud when by oneself or regardless of any hearers, especially by a character in a play	40
4648801459	43. Stream of Consciousness	similar to first person, but places the reader in the character's head	41
4648801460	44. Synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa	42
4648801954	45. Theme	the central idea or message of a literary work	43

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AP English Literature #2 Flashcards

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4902493337	incessant	(of something regarded as unpleasant) continuing without pause or interruption	0
4902493338	sift	examine (something) thoroughly so as to isolate that which is most important or useful	1
4902493339	pragmatic	dealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on practical rather than theoretical consideration	2
4902493340	affable	friendly, good-natured, or easy to talk to	3
4902493341	rotund	(of a person) plump	4
4902493342	omit	to leave out or exclude (someone or something) either intentionally or forgetfully	5

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Polyatomic Ions Flashcards

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3789072718	nitrate ion	NO₃⁻	0
3789089061	nitrite ion	NO₂⁻	1
3789095905	sulfate ion	SO₄²⁻	2
3789102028	sulfite ion	SO₃²⁻	3
3789110416	carbonate ion	CO₃²⁻	4
3789116094	perchlorate ion	CLO₄⁻	5
3789120835	chlorate ion	CLO₃⁻	6
3789125264	chlorite ion	CLO₂⁻	7
3789128977	hypochlorite ion	CLO⁻	8
3789132706	chromate ion	CrO₄²⁻	9
3789136484	dichromate ion	Cr₂O₇²⁻	10
3789139251	permanganate ion	MnO₄⁻	11
3789142514	hydroxide ion	OH⁻	12
3789146288	cyanide ion	CN⁻	13
3789149375	ammonium ion	NH₄⁺	14
3789151974	hydrogen sulfate ion	HSO₄⁻	15
3789156567	hydrogen carbonate ion	HCO₃⁻	16
3789160777	phosphate ion	PO₄³⁻	17
3789164954	hydrogen phosphate ion	HPO₄²⁻	18
3789168683	dihydrogen phosphate ion	H₂PO₄⁻	19
3789180293	acetate ion	C₂H₃O₂⁻	20
3789184145	oxalate ion	C₂O₄²⁻	21
3789186244	thiosulfate ion	S₂O₃²⁻	22
3789189991	thiocyanate ion	SCN⁻	23

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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3639299181	Carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body	0
3639299182	Protein	macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair and to make up enzymes	1
3639299183	Lipid	macromolecule made mainly from carbon and hydrogen atoms; includes fats, oils, and waxes	2
3639299184	Nucleic Acid	an organic compound, either RNA or DNA, whose molecules are made up of one or two chains of nucleotides and carry genetic information	3
3639299185	Monosaccharide	a simple sugar that is the basic monomer of a carbohydrate	4
8236888752	monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	5
3639299186	Amino Acid	basic building blocks of protein molecules	6
3639299187	Fatty Acid	monomer of Lipids	7
8236891930	lipid	a large macromolecule that does not dissolve in water	8
3639299188	Nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	9
3639299189	Enzyme	protein that acts as a biological catalyst (speeds up chemical reactions)	10
3639299190	Monomer	a simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	11
3639299191	Polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	12
3639299192	Organic compound	compound that contains carbon	13
3639299193	Inorganic compound	any compound that does not contain carbon	14
3639299992	fats	Also known as lipids, fats are an essential nutrient composed of fatty acids and used for energy and other body functions	15
3639300422	fatty acids	Building Blocks of Lipids	16
3639300745	saturated fats	A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.	17
3639301143	unsaturated fats	Fats that remain liquid at room temperature e.g. canola oil	18
3639302104	cholesterol	A type of fat made by the body from saturated fat; a minor part of fat in foods. used to make bile, vitamin D, cell membranes and hormones	19
3639303824	lipoproteins	Assist in facilitated diffusion of lipids through cells by emulsifying themL	20
3639304346	LDL	low density lipoprotein that causes cardiovascular heart disease	21
3639304877	HDL	high density lipoprotein reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease	22
3639306703	steroids	____________ are hormones synthesized (made) from cholesterol.	23
3639307628	proteins	Chains of amino acids	24
3639307901	amino acids	Building blocks of protein	25
3639308543	amino acid structure	H, NH2, COOH bonded to a central carbon and then a variable R group	26
3639309051	sources of amino acids	Plants, vegetables, fruit, fish, poultry, beans and rice	27
3639309493	peptide bonds	The chemical bonds that hold together the amino acid molecules are	28
3639312477	globular protein	Proteins that are water soluble	29
3639312770	enzymes	Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things	30
3639313333	nucleic acid	a long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides; DNA and RNA	31
3639313808	DNA	(biochemistry) a long linear polymer found in the nucleus of a cell and formed from nucleotides and shaped like a double helix	32
3639314476	RNA	A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages	33
3639318465	DNA sequence	The sequence, or order, in which the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) are arranged in a gene or a DNA fragment, or in an organism's genome.	34
3639318960	cellular respiration	Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen	35

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Flashcards

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Biochemistry Flashcards

Biochemistry words for Middle School life science students

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5013397873	protein	made up of chains of amino acids	0
5013397874	amino acids	many joined together to form a protein	1
5013397875	amino acids	there are about 20 different ones in cells	2
5013397876	enzyme	a protein which speeds up a chemical reaction in cells	3
5013397877	protein	in cell membranes they allow things to pass through	4
5013397878	carbohydrates	compounds made of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen	5
5013397879	carbohydrates	sugar and starch are examples of this group	6
5013397880	sugar	a simple carbohydrate molecule	7
5013397881	starch	a large carbohydrate molecule	8
5013397882	cell wall	a structure made of the carbohydrate cellulose	9
5013397883	DNA	a nucleic acid found in all living organisms	10
5013397884	nucleic acids	DNA and RNA are examples of this group of molecules	11
5013397885	lipid	most of the cell membrane is this kind of molecule	12
5013397886	cell membrane	a cell structure made of lipids and protein	13
5013397887	chromosome	found in the nucleus, made of DNA twisted round protein	14
5013397888	DNA	genetic information is stored in this molecule	15
5013397889	cellulose	the carbohydrate which makes up cell walls	16
5013397890	DNA		17

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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6013566000	Carbohydrate	-fancy word for sugar -used for quick energy -ring shaped -glucose and starch are examples	0
6013566001	Protein	-made up of amino acids -put together at ribosome -Shape matters -pigments, antibodies, hormones, enzymes	1
6013566002	Lipids	-part of the cell membrane -used for insulation -fancy word for fat -composed of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol	2
6013567046	organic	compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen -fats -carbs -proteins -nucleic acids	3
6013567047	inorganic	compounds that do NOT contain carbon and hydrogen	4
6013568048	water	an inorganic compound -H2O	5
6013568049	Salt	an inorganic compound -NaCl	6
6013570313	glucose	a simple sugar used to make energy	7
6013570314	amino acid	the building blocks of proteins	8
6013575040	denature	When the SHAPE of a protein changes	9

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Biochemistry Flashcards

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4734432092	Atom	Basic unit of matter	0
4734432093	Compound	A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds	1
4734432313	Covalent Bond	A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule	2
4734432753	Electron	A subatomic particle that has a negative charge	3
4734432754	Element	A pure substance made of only one kind of atom	4
4734432989	Ion	A charged atom	5
4734432990	Ionic Bond	Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another	6
4734433216	Isotope	Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons	7
4734433217	Molecule	A group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.	8
4734433218	Neutron	A subatomic particle that has no charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	9
4734433443	Nucleus	A region that is located at the center of an atom and contains most of the atom's mass (protons and neutrons)	10
4734433444	Proton	A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	11
4734433618	Activation Energy	the minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction	12
4734433619	Active Site	The part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs.	13
4734433620	Catalyst	A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction.	14
4734433991	Chemical Reaction	the process by which one or more substances change to produce one or more different substances	15
4734433992	Enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing	16
4734434457	Product	A substance produced in a chemical reaction	17
4734434458	Reactant	A substance present at the start of a reaction	18
4734434961	Substrate	The reactant on which an enzyme works.	19
4734434962	Acid	A substance that can donate a proton to another substance and has pH below 7	20
4734434963	Base	A substance that can accept a proton from another substance and has a pH above 7	21
4734434964	Buffer	A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids or bases are added to the solution.	22
4734435245	Hydrogen Bond	Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.	23
4734435246	Mixture	A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined	24
4734435247	pH	percent Hydrogen	25
4734435509	Adhesion	Attraction between molecules of different substances	26
4734435510	Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	27
4734435511	Polar Molecules	Molecule where end is positive, and one is negative.	28
4734435838	Solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	29
4734435839	Solution	A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.	30
4734435840	Solvent	A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances	31
4734436213	Amino Acid	Building blocks of protein	32
4734436214	Carbohydrate	Class of nutrients that includes sugars and starches	33
4734436215	Lipid	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	34
4734436391	Macromolecule	A type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids.	35
4734436392	Nucleic Acid	Biological macromolecule that stores genetic information	36
4734436393	Protein	A three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids.	37
4734436765	Polymer	A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.	38
4734440101	Monomer	A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers	39
4734440102	Monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	40
4734440284	Polysaccharide	Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides, formed by dehydration synthesis.	41
4734440285	Nucleotide	A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.	42
4734440471	DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid, stores genetic information, double helix shaped	43
4741611640	RNA	Ribonucleic Acid, a type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar and the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U); usually single-stranded; functions in protein synthesis, gene regulation, and as the genome of some viruses.	44