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CHAPTER 10 OUTLINE ? Christian Societies Emerge in Europe
The Byzantine Empire, 300?1200
An Empire Beleaguered
While the unity of political and religious power prevented the Byzantine Empire from breaking up, the Byzantines did face serious foreign threats.
The Muslim Arabs took the wealthy provinces of Syria, Egypt, and Tunisia from the Byzantine Empire and converted their people to Islam. These losses permanently reduced the power of the Byzantine Empire.
CHAPTER 9
The Sasanid Empire and the Rise of Islam, 200?1200
The Sasanid Empire, 224?651
Politics and Society
I. New Islamic Empires
A. Mali in the Western Sudan--Muslim rule in the seventh century greatly stimulated increased trade along the routes that crossed the Sahara. In the centuries that followed, Islam gradually spread to the lands south of the desert.
Olmec Civilization
Social
Political
Environment
Lived in towns and cities centered on temple mounds that they built
Invented
Many different writing systems
Tracked the orbit of planets
Created a 365 day calendar
Wrote down histories in Accordion-folded books made of fig-tree bark
Concept of Zero
Didn?t appear in europe until 12th century
Culture
Practiced Human Sacrifice
As did the god of Abraham
Economics
Classic Era Culture and Society in Mesoamerica, 200-900
I. Olmec Civilization--the first great civilization of the Americas (that archeologists know about, anyway).
1. Located in the narrow ?waist? of Mexico, recognizable civilization by about 1800 BCE.
2.Lived in towns and cities centered on temple mounds that they built. Created large stone heads with helmets, many over six feet tall, that are vaguely African in appearance and have sparked speculations that African peoples may have made contact with them.
3.Olmec practiced human sacrifice (as did the God of Abraham)
SPICE Chapter 12: Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath
The Rise of the Mongols, 1200-1260
Social
Nomads
Menial work was left for slaves
Prisoners of war
People seeking refuge from starvation
Leading families combined resources and solidified intergroup alliances through arranged marriages
Marriages arranged in childhood and children became pawns of diplomacy
Women from prestigious families could wield power in negotiations and management
Risked execution and imprisonment just like men
Mongol Eurasia and Its Aftermath, 1200-1500
SPICE Chapter 11: Inner and East Asia, 400-1200
The Sui and Tang Empires, 581-755
Social
Buddhism was attacked for encouraging women to become more involved in politics
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