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Notes on ch. 21
In the latter part of the 19th century many people interpreted Charles Darwin?s theory of evolution as applicable to people and countries.
theory of Social Darwinism
Consequently, many thought that it was time for the U.S. to acquire an empire for many believed that the world should belong to nations that were strong and fit
Where to go?
the Pacific
-most notably Samoa and Hawaii
Samoa
Chapter 20 notes
Reestablishing Presidential Power
After Rutherford B. Hayes had been elected President, although he was elected under auspicious means, started to re-assert Presidential power as he
-started to reform the civil service
-removed federal troops from the South as per the conditions of his election
-he vetoed the Bland Allison Silver Purchase Bill (1878) which called for the partial coinage of silver, but Congress passed it over his veto giving the U.S. its first official silver coins
Election of 1880
Chapter 19 notes
A new urban environment
Beginning in the 1880s the city was in a revolution of galls and steel as new skyscraper buildings appeared in the city and streetcars helped to create the suburbs
-Steel allowed these buildings to be built to great heights as it was much stronger than iron and weighed less than masonry which
-electric elevators sped people up and down the buildings
Street cars extended the reach of the cities radius as they no longer were walking cities
Chapter 18 notes
Industrial development in the U.S. post Reconstruction/Industrial Revolution
Many Factors affected Industrial growth in the U.S. during this period
Many natural resources like lumber, coal, iron, and waterpower
Abundant labor source with a large American farm population and many European immigrants. Between 1870-1880 almost 8 million immigrants arrived in the U.S. and another 15 million in the 1890s
(all of this led to expanded markets and needs for goods
What would get the goods to the People?
Railroads
Chapter 17 notes
-pgs. 532-544
Westward Movement
Between 1850 and 1900 many people migrated west of the Mississippi seeking gold, land, mining camps, cattle ranches and anything else
-people left and established boom towns and developed ?instant cities? like San Francisco, Salt Lake City, and Denver which grew at phenomenal rates
-it took Boston almost 200 hundred years to have a population of 300,000 while it only took San Francisco 20 years
Chapter 16 notes
Reconstruction
During the reconstruction period immediately following the Civil War, African Americans struggled to become equal members of a democratic republic. They produced a number of remarkable leaders who showed that blacks were as capable as other Americans of voting, holding office, and legislating for a complex and rapidly changing society. Yet the tragedy of Reconstruction was that blacks and whites who tried to form a more egalitarian society in the South lacked the means to achieve their aims.
-how to reconstruct the union
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Chapter 14 notes
1850s
Constitution
-gave the federal government the right to abolish the international slave trade, but no authority to abolish, regulate, or remove the slave trade
Northerners
-disliked slavery, but they hated the abolitionists
-generally prejudiced against blacks
-saw no legal way to bring about emancipation
In Congress
-Southern democrats tried to extend the Missouri Compromise Line of 36?30?
Chapter 12 & 13 notes
People started moving to the Far West in the 1830s and 1840s
-caused some border disputes
Maine and New Brunswick
-old dispute
1842 Webster-Ashburton agreement
-gave over 1/2 of the disputed territory between Maine and New Brunswick (7,000 acres) to the U.S. and established a definite northeastern border between the U.S. and Canada
However, In Oregon . . .
-both U.S. and Great Britain laid claim to it between Rockie Mountains and the Pacific from 42 degrees N to 54?40? or northern
Europe and the World: New Encounters, 1500-1800
On the Brink of a New World
The Atlantic seaboard had become the center of a commercial activity that raised Portugal and Spain and later the Dutch Republic, England, and France to prominence
The age of expansion was a crucial factor in the European transition from the agrarian economy of the Middle Ages to a commercial and industrial system
The Motives for Expansion
Catholic Europe had been confined to one geographic area
Europe had never completely lost touch with the outside world
Reformation and Religious Warfare in the 16th Century
Prelude to Reformation
Christian or Northern Renaissance Humanism
Like the Italian counterparts, northern humanists cultivated a knowledge of the classics who focused on the sources of early Christianity, The Holy Scriptures and the writings of such church fathers as Augustine, Ambrose, and Jerome
They felt that in these early Christian writings they found a simple religion that had now been distorted by the complicated theological arguments of the Middle Ages
Chapter 3 notes
Life in the colonies
New England in the 17th century
New Englanders thought God had ordained the family
essential to the maintenance of social order
outside of families people succumb to carnal temptations
Family
ruled by the father
all important decisions were made by him with his wife?s deference
wife helped raise the children along with the father
These people who emigrated as whole families preserved English custom much
Better than single people who came to America
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