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Most important economic development in 1800s South: shift from upper South to lower south (Atlantic coast to new Southwest, going further west from the coast into areas like Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas - short-staple instead of the South Carolina and Georgia - long-staple)
- Growing economic dominance of cotton
(Additionally denser slavery in Virginia and North Carolina, tobacco-growing states)
Small minority of southern whites owned slaves
- 1860: 8m white population only 400k slaveholders (1/20th)
+ small proportion of already small number of slaveholders had a substantial number of slaves
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OtherOther economic activity (aside from agricultural expansion) slow
- Growing flour milling, textile and iron manufacturing, but insignificant
? Value of southern textile manufactures in 1860 a threefold increase, but exports only 200 million
- Commercial sector focused on serving plantation economy
? Brokers/"factors": marketed crops and gave credit to planters in replacement of banks
- Obstacles of practically nonexistent canals, crude roads, ineffective railroads
Principal transportation: water
- Increasing reliance on North
Great profitability of agricultural system causing little incentive to develop manufacturing
- Wealthy southerners most investments in land and slaves
Thought of themselves as representatives of a special way of life (grace and refinement > rapid growth and development)
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Name from being distinctive, special
Isolated South from rest of American society, and much of the world
Isolated blacks from whites, but also mutually deep influence
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Short-staple Cotton:
- Hardier/coarser, but easier to grow, more versatility in location and soil
- Previously not sued due to difficult of processing (seeds hard to remove from fiber)
? Solved by cotton gin (1793)
- Growing demand for cotton
? 1820s and 1830s Britain
? 1840s and 1850s New England
- Production moved further west from Southeast Coast
- 1850s, cotton the linchpin of southern economy
? 1860s (civil war) , 2/3 of total export trade of US
Tobacco: Upper South
- continuing reliance on tobacco, but tobacco notoriously unstable and land-exhaustive
- 1830s:
? farmers from old tobacco-growing regions (Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina) changing to other crops
? center of tobacco cultivation to Piedmont
Rice: Coastal South (South Carolina, Georgia, Florida)
- stable, lucrative, BUT long growing season (9 months), substantial irrigation
- only small area of cultivation
Sugar: Gulf Coast, southern Louisiana and eastern Texas
- Reasonably profitable
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G Guided uided Reading ti jt
Activity Purposes of
Personality Theories
For use with textbook pages 375-377
Directions: Outlining Locate the heading in your textbook. Then use the information under, the heading
to help you write each answer.
L Purposes of Personality Theories
A. Introduction
1. What is the 'something" inside people that makes them think, feel, and act differently
from one another?
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Pages
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