Rome and Han
The Conrad Demarest Model of Empires Rome Han Gupta Sassanid Necessary preconditions for rise of empire: State-level government High agricultural potential Environmental mosaic Several small states, no clear dominant state Mutual antagonism among states Adequate military resources States succeed in empire building: Ideology promotes personal identification with state, empire, leader, conquest, &/or militarism Characteristics of well-run empires: Build roads, transportation systems, canals, ports, etc. Trade increases Cosmopolitan cities?art & education flourish Effective bureaucracy ? ensure communication, collect taxes, oversee coinage, ensure emperor?s laws enforced Common official language (communication)