Chapter 6 Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Organic Chemistry, 6h Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 6 * Classes of Halides Alkyl: Halogen, X, is directly bonded to sp3 carbon. Most reactions result from breaking of this bond. C ? X bond is polar (EN difference) C is slightly positive ? electrophilic (can be attacked by nucleophile) X can leave with electrons ? elimination X can be replaced with another functional group ? substitution Chapter 6 Chapter 6 * Classes of Halides Examples: CHCl3 ? chloroform (solvent) CHClF2 ? freon-22 (refrigerant) CCl3 ? CH3 ? 1,1,1-trichloroethane (cleaning fluid) CF3 ? CHClBr ? halothane (nonflammable anesthetic) Chapter 6 Chapter 6 * Classes of Halides Vinyl: X is bonded to sp2 carbon of alkene. Examples: