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Electrophile

Organic Chapter 11 ppt

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
organic chemistry
Functional Groups
Alcohol
Tosyl
Alkene
Ether
Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
Pyridinium chlorochromate
Jones oxidation
Electrophile
Electrophile

Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 11 * Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone, acids Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Summary Table => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts CrO42- reduced to Cr2O3 KMnO4 reduced to MnO2 Oxidation: loss of H2, gain of O, O2, or X2 Reduction: gain of H2 or H-, loss of O, O2, or X2 Neither: gain or loss of H+, H2O, HX => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * 1?, 2?, 3? Carbons => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Sample Problems (1)

Organic Chapter 6 ppt

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Organic reactions
Substitution reactions
SN2 reaction
Nucleophilic substitution
SN1 reaction
Nucleophile
Allylic rearrangement
Haloalkane
Elimination reaction
Electrophile
Electrophile
Solvent effects

Chapter 6 Alkyl Halides: Nucleophilic Substitution and Elimination Organic Chemistry, 6h Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 6 * Classes of Halides Alkyl: Halogen, X, is directly bonded to sp3 carbon. Most reactions result from breaking of this bond. C ? X bond is polar (EN difference) C is slightly positive ? electrophilic (can be attacked by nucleophile) X can leave with electrons ? elimination X can be replaced with another functional group ? substitution Chapter 6 Chapter 6 * Classes of Halides Examples: CHCl3 ? chloroform (solvent) CHClF2 ? freon-22 (refrigerant) CCl3 ? CH3 ? 1,1,1-trichloroethane (cleaning fluid) CF3 ? CHClBr ? halothane (nonflammable anesthetic) Chapter 6 Chapter 6 * Classes of Halides Vinyl: X is bonded to sp2 carbon of alkene. Examples:

Organic Chapter 4 ppt

Subject: 
Chemistry
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Chemistry
Chemical kinetics
Free-radical halogenation
organic chemistry
Chemical reaction
Radical
Halogenation
Reaction rate
Catalysis
Ethane
Alkane
Electrophile
Electrophile

Chapter 4 The Study of Chemical Reactions Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 4 * Introduction Reactants ? Products: overall reaction. Mechanism: complete step-by-step description of exactly which bonds break and form in what order to give observed products To learn more about a reaction: Thermodynamics Kinetics. => Chapter 4 Chapter 4 * Thermodynamics study of energy changes provides an opportunity to: compare stability of reactants and products predict which compounds are favored Kinetics study of reaction rates, determining which products form the fastest helps predict how the rate will change if conditions are changed Chapter 4 Chapter 4 * Chlorination of Methane

Psyc Ch. 4

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Psychology
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Chemistry
organic chemistry
Functional Groups
Physical organic chemistry
Substitution reactions
Carbocation
Cations
Haloalkane
Electrophile
Tert-Butanol
SN1 reaction
Alcohol
Human development
behavior
Interpersonal relationships
Love
Human behavior
Psychoanalysis
Attachment theory
Personal life
Portable Document Format
Technology

Alcohols and Alkyl Halides: Introduction to Reaction Mechanisms In this chapter we explore structure and reactivity in more detail by developing two concepts: functional groups and reaction mechanisms. A functional group is the atom or group in a molecule most responsible for the reaction the compound undergoes under a prescribed set of conditions. How the structure of the reactant is transformed to that of the product is what we mean by the reaction mechanism. 4.1 Functional Groups Table 4.1 lists the major families of organic compounds covered in this text and their functional groups. 4.2 IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkyl Halides The IUPAC rules permit alkyl halides to be named in two different ways, called functional class
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