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Ether

AP Chemistry Zumdahl 7E Chapter 22 Notes

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Chemistry
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Functional Groups
organic chemistry
Chemical nomenclature
Isomerism
Alkanes
Alkene
Alkyne
Hydrocarbon
Haloalkane
Cycloalkane
Aromatic hydrocarbon
Ether

1 AP Chemistry Chapter 22 - Organic Chemistry 22.1 Alkanes: Saturated Hydrocarbons A. Straight-chain Hydrocarbons 1. Straight-chain alkanes have the formula CnH2n+2 2. Carbons are sp3 hybridized The First 10 Alkanes # of Carbons Name Formula (CnH2n+2) 1 Methane CH4 2 Ethane C2H6 3 Propane C3H8 4 Butane C4H10 5 Pentane C5H12 6 Hexane C6H14 7 Heptane C7H16 8 Octane C8H18 9 Nonane C9H20 10 Decane C10H22 B. Structural Isomers 1. Same formula, but the atoms are bonded together in a different order 2. Different bonding order results in different properties C4H10 Butane C4H10 2-methylpropane C. Rules for Naming Alkanes (Nomenclature) 1. For a branched hydrocarbon, the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms

Organic Chapter 11 ppt

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
organic chemistry
Functional Groups
Alcohol
Tosyl
Alkene
Ether
Aldehyde
Carboxylic acid
Pyridinium chlorochromate
Jones oxidation
Electrophile
Electrophile

Chapter 11 Reactions of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 11 * Types of Alcohol Reactions Dehydration to alkene Oxidation to aldehyde, ketone, acids Substitution to form alkyl halide Reduction to alkane Esterification Tosylation Williamson synthesis of ether => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Summary Table => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Oxidation States Easy for inorganic salts CrO42- reduced to Cr2O3 KMnO4 reduced to MnO2 Oxidation: loss of H2, gain of O, O2, or X2 Reduction: gain of H2 or H-, loss of O, O2, or X2 Neither: gain or loss of H+, H2O, HX => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * 1?, 2?, 3? Carbons => Chapter 11 Chapter 11 * Sample Problems (1)

Organic Chapter 10 ppt

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
organic chemistry
Functional Groups
Alcohol
Grignard reaction
Carboxylic acid
Haloalkane
Ether
Ketone
Alkoxide
Carbonyl
Organolithium reagent

Chapter 10 Structure and Synthesis of Alcohols Organic Chemistry, 6th Edition L. G. Wade, Jr. Chapter 10 * Structure of Alcohols Hydroxyl (-OH) functional group Oxygen is sp3 hybridized. Versatile synthetic intermediates Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * Classification Determined by carbinol carbon atom: Primary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to one other carbon. Secondary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to two other carbons. Tertiary: carbon with ?OH is bonded to three other carbons. Aromatic (phenol): -OH is bonded to a benzene ring. Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * Classify these: Chapter 10 Chapter 10 * IUPAC Nomenclature Find the longest carbon chain containing the carbon with the -OH group.

Chem Ch. 8

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
organic chemistry
Organic reactions
Substitution reactions
SN1 reaction
Nucleophilic substitution
SN2 reaction
Haloalkane
Elimination reaction
Nucleophile
Christopher Kelk Ingold
Ether
behavior
Human development
Computing
Computer file formats
Electronic documents
Interpersonal relationships
Psychoanalysis
Human behavior
Portable Document Format
Attachment theory
Technology

8.1 Functional Group Transformation by Nucleophilic Substitution Nucleophilic substitution reactions of alkyl halides are related to elimination reactions in that the halogen acts as a leaving group on carbon and is lost as an anion. The carbon-halogen bond of the alkyl halide is broken heterolytically: the two electrons in that bond are lost with the leaving group. The most frequently encountered nucleophiles are anions, which are used as their lithium, sodium, or potassium salts. If we use M to represent lithium, sodium, or potassium, some representative nucleophilic reagents are Table 8.1 illustrates an application of each of these to a functional group transformation. The

CHEM 1A midterm 1

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Chemistry
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Chemistry
Functional Groups
Antiseptics
Chemical bonding
Monomers
Superhard materials
Properties of water
Ether
Boron
Vapor pressure
Allene
Boiling point

Chemistry 1A, Fall 2012 Midterm Exam #1 September 19, 2012 (90 min, closed book) Name:__________________________________ SID:___________________________________ GSI Name:________________ Discussion Day/Time: ________________ ? The test consists of 4 short answer questions and 17 multiple choice questions. ? Put your written answers in the boxes provided. Answers outside the boxes may not be considered in grading. ? Write your name on every page of the exam. Question Page Points Score Multiple Choice (1-17) 2-6 51 Ethylene Glycol Short Answer 3 4 Boron Nitride Short Answer 4 4 Allene Short Answer 5 4 Cyanogen Short Answer 5 7 Total 70 Useful Equations and Constants: PV = nRT
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