Ch. 12 Conditions in 1800s Growing separation between church and state Desire to create respectable culture for literature and arts, modeled after Europeans Growth of nationalism gave rise to nationalistic culture: Wanted to assimilate immigrants into American culture Immigrants: Wanted to do away with cultural traits brought in by foreigners (Temperance movements) Rapid economic change also affected culture, gave rise to education reform Medical Advancement Phrenology developed ? pseudoscience, attributing physical size of brain to psychological traits Fowler Brothers discovered Sylvester Graham proposed vegan diet William Morton developed anesthetic Growing popularization of baths, cold and hot, sulfur baths as well Oliver Holmes discovered contagion of diseases