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Physics

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Lasers

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Lasers Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation The laser gets energy from electrons, which are transformed, into light. How does an electron accept energy? Illuminate the atom with light radiation of suitable color (frequency) Stimulated absorption The energy of the photon E2 ? E1 = hf What happens after absorption? Spontaneous emission Fluorescence Stimulated emission Increased energy Basic principle of laser Small input, large output Why is a laser very powerful? A laser can produce a narrow beam of coherent light of identical frequency, phase, and colorization Laser light is generally a monochromatic light; yet, there are lasers that emit different wavelengths of light simultaneously Random Source Waves emitted from the source have random phase Ex. Flash light

Lasers

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Lasers Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation The laser gets energy from electrons, which are transformed, into light. How does an electron accept energy? Illuminate the atom with light radiation of suitable color (frequency) Stimulated absorption The energy of the photon E2 ? E1 = hf What happens after absorption? Spontaneous emission Fluorescence Stimulated emission Increased energy Basic principle of laser Small input, large output Why is a laser very powerful? A laser can produce a narrow beam of coherent light of identical frequency, phase, and colorization Laser light is generally a monochromatic light; yet, there are lasers that emit different wavelengths of light simultaneously Random Source Waves emitted from the source have random phase Ex. Flash light

Vocabulary

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The Ultimate First Semester Standard Physics Review OK gang. Here is what we discussed this past semester. This is what you need to have understood (or need to learn now!) for our final. It all started with? I. One Dimensional Motion A. Equations of Motion: Assuming a = constant Be able to use (algebraically) these equations; x = (vi + vf) t vf = vi + at where Displacement = x 2 Velocity = v x = vit + 1at2 vf2 = vi2 + 2ax Acceleration = a 2 B. Graphing: Understand the relationships between the three graphs of motion; x vs t (area under v vs t graph) v vs t (slope of x vs t) a vs t (slope of v vs t) C. Understand the difference between average velocity and instantaneous velocity.

Quantum Theory - A Short Introduction

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Quantum Theory: A Very Short Introduction ?John Polkinghorne has produced an excellent piece of work. . . . Many authors of ??popular?? books on modern physics have the regrettable habit of mixing science fact with science ?ction. Polkinghorne never does that: he always allows the truth to stand by itself and show its own fascination. . . . I think that this is an excellent contribution to the literature on quantum theory for a general audience.? Chris Isham, Imperial College, London ?This splendid book explains both the triumph and the mystery that is quantum theory. It is a triumph because of its towering mathematical structure, and amazing empirical accuracy. It is a mystery because of the conundrums about how to interpret it.

Magnus Effect

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The Magnus effect is the phenomenon whereby a spinning object flying in a fluid creates a whirlpool of fluid around itself, and experiences a force perpendicular to the line of motion. The overall behaviour is similar to that around an airfoil (see lift force) with a circulation which is generated by the mechanical rotation, rather than by aerofoil action.[1] In many ball sports, the Magnus effect is responsible for the curved motion of a spinning ball. The effect also affects spinning missiles, and is used in rotor ships and Flettner aeroplanes.

Doppler Effect

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The Doppler effect (or Doppler shift), named after Austrian physicist Christian Doppler who proposed it in 1842 in Prague, is the change in frequency of a wave for an observer moving relative to the source of the wave. It is commonly heard when a vehicle sounding a siren or horn approaches, passes, and recedes from an observer. The received frequency is higher (compared to the emitted frequency) during the approach, it is identical at the instant of passing by, and it is lower during the recession.

Physics A to Z Project

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ABC?s of Physics Project Purpose: This project is designed to broaden your knowledge of Physics by researching a topic related to any field of Physics. Each person will use one letter of the alphabet on which to base their research. When the whole class is finished with the project, we will have an ABC book of Physics suitable for sharing with younger students. Directions: You will be given a sheet of 11 x 14 inch poster paper. You must use this paper for the base of the poster. You may add any additional paper or effects as long as the original size is maintained. Research and write a brief overview of a topic related to your letter (example: ?N is for Newton?).

AP Physics Fundamentals Quiz

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Name: _______________________ AP Physics B 03.07.12 Fundamentals Quest 10 What is the formula for the gravitational force between two objects? What is the formula for centripetal force? What is the formula for momentum? What is the formula for the pressure in a column of fluid? What is the formula for kinetic energy? What is Bernoulli?s Equation? What is the formula for the Ideal Gas Law? What is the continuity equation? What is the formula for length expansion? Formula for the efficiency of any heat engine? What is the formula for electric force (Coulomb?s Law)? Formula for the efficiency of a Carnot heat engine? What is the formula for power? What is the formula for the electric field? What does Q represent in: Thermal physics Electricity

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