US Gov and Politics

?PAGE ? ?PAGE ?3? seq NL1 \r 0 \h Chapter 17 Outline SEQ NLI \r 0 \h I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . Introduction Social Welfare Policy then national laws touching on these social welfare matters were few and thin, and federal departments, bureaus, or programs to fund or administer such social welfare benefits were virtually nonexistent. social welfare policy now Washington sets, funds, and implements policies on all these social welfare matters and others besides business regulation policy then big oil companies were once able to persuade the government to sharply restrict the amount of foreign oil imported into the United States, to give them preferential tax treatment,? Certain telephone companies were free to function as monopolies. business regulation policy now

?PAGE ? ?PAGE ?2? Krisa Cassidy seq NL1 \r 0 \h Chapter 18 Outline SEQ NLI \r 0 \h I?? seq NLA \r 0 \h . INTRODUCTION? seq NLA \r 0 \h Reasons for government debt (THEME A: POLITICS AND ECONOMICS) deficit--The result of when the government in one year spends more money than it takes in from taxes. national debt--The total deficit from the first presidency down to the present. gross domestic product--The total of all goods and services produced in the economy during a given year. seq NL1 \r 0 \h Deficit: Spending more than one earns seq NL_a \r 0 \h Financed by selling government bonds to Americans and foreigners seq NL_a \r 0 \h National debt: Total amount of all deficits seq NL1 \r 0 \h Economic reason for debt seq NL_a \r 0 \h Bonds are always repaid.

?PAGE ? ?PAGE ?8? seq NL1 \r 0 \h Chapter 15 Introduction A bureaucracy is a large, complex organization composed of appointed officials. By complex, we mean that authority is divided among several managers; no one person is able to make all the decisions. II seq NLA \r 0 \h . Distinctiveness of the American Bureaucracy (THEME A: SIZE AND POWER OF THE BUREAUCRACY) SEQ NLA \r 0 \h seq NL1 \r 0 \h Distinctiveness of the American bureaucracy seq NL_a \r 0 \h President and Congress share political authority over the bureaucracy. seq NL_a \r 0 \h Federal agencies share functions with related state and local government?agencies. seq NL_a \r 0 \h Adversary culture leads to closer scrutiny and makes court challenges more?likely.

Explaining proliferation: why interest groups are common in the United States Many kinds of cleavage in the country Constitution makes for many access points Public laws factor the non profit sector Political parties are weak The birth of interest groups Periods of rapid growth Since 1960, 70 percent have established an office in Washington, D.C. 1770s, independence groups 1830s and 1840s, religious, antislavery groups 1860s, craft unions 1880s and 1890s, business associations 1900s and 1910, most major lobbies of today Factors explaining the rise of interest groups Broad economic developments create new interests Farmers produce cash crops Mass production industries begin Government policy itself Created veterans' groups--wars Encouraged formation of Farm Bureau

Krisa Cassidy 7-1 Public Opinion and Democracy Gettysburg Address-- US has a gov of the people, by the people, and for the people the federal government's budget is not balanced the people have opposed busing the ERA was not ratified most Americans opposed Clinton's impeachment most Americans favor term limits for Congress Government not intended to do "what the people want" Framers of Constitution aimed for substantive goals Popular rule was only one of several means toward these goals. Large nations feature many "publics" with many "opinions." Framers hoped no single opinion would dominate Reasonable policies can command support of many factions Limits on effectiveness of opinion polling; difficult to know public opinion