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a candidate who holds the office for which he or she is running in an election. It is usually difficult for an incumbent candidate to be defeated in an election, unless he or she has had a very poor term in office. Incumbents have the benefit of having
powers claimed by Congress which are not specifically enumerated in the Constitution, but are implied in its necessary and proper clause (Article I, Section 8).
founded in 1891, one of the agencies of the Department of Justice. The INS administers and enforces federal laws that deal with people from other countries who want to enter or remain in the United States. The INS also handles the administration and enforcement of federal laws dealing with people who want to become American citizens.
set of beliefs and goals of a social or political group that explain or justify the group's decisions and behavior.
one of the two houses of the Congress, created in Article I, Section 1 of the US Constitution. The House of Representatives has 435 members, called Representatives, who serve for 2-year terms. The number of Representatives from each state is determined by the state's population, so that states with large populations have more Representatives in Congress than states with small populations.
the head of the minority party in the House of Representatives. The minority leader represents the interests of the minority party by meeting with the majority leader and, in the case of the House, the House Speaker to schedule bills and rules for floor action.
prominent position in the majority party, second only to the Speaker of the House in party authority. Like the Senate majority leader, the House majority leader helps promote the legislative agenda of the party in the House.
British political theorist who argued that individuals formed governments because of their rational self-interest. One of the major intellectual figures of the Enlightenment, his most famous work is The Leviathan, published in 1651.
another term for the US Supreme Court.
part of the Public Health Service of the Department of Health and Human Services. This administration provides grants for state, local, and private nonprofit health care facilities, like hospitals. It also provides medical and other health care services to various groups of individuals; such as Coast Guard personnel and their families, Native Americans, and federal prisoners.
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