Anatomy

Movement of bones occurs at joints or articulations Articulations- joints where bones meet Structural classification -- Functional classification Fibrous- no synovial cavity, bones held tightly together by fibrous connective tissue Synarthrosis- immovable joint/ no movement -- examples: sutures, teeth and maxilla/mandible Cartilaginous- no synovial cavity, bones held together by cartilage or ligament. Amphiarthrosis- slightly movable joint -- ex: pubic symphysis Synovial- synovial cavity, bones held together by ligaments. Diarthrosis- freely movable joint - angular movement allowed Most bones of synovial joints are covered by a fibrocartilage pad called articular discs (menisci) Diarthrosis- are divided into subtypes of joints: Gliding/plane joint hinge joint pivot joint

Tissue- groups of closely associated cells that are similar in structure and performance Study of tissues- Histology Four Primary Tissue Groups- Epithelial-Connective-Muscle-Nervous Epithelial-covering (epithe=laid on, covering) occurs in the body as 1)covering and lining epithelium 2) glandular epithelium Found on all free surfaces of the body such as the outer layer of the skin, lining of open cavities of digestive and respiratory systems, lining of the blood vessels and heart, covering the walls and organs of the closed ventral body cavity. Functions of Epithelial Tissue protection absorption filtration excretion secretion Characteristics Cellularity---- composed almost entirely of cells

Myology - study of muscles Kinesiology- study of movement of human body Types of muscle tissue - differ from one another by microscopic anatomy, location, and control by the nervous systemMyology skeletal muscle - (striated) attached to bone, multi-nucleated, voluntary\ cardiac muscle - only in heart, striated, 1-2 nuclei, involuntary smooth muscle - (visceral) walls of hollow internal structures, non-striated, one nucleus, involuntary Functions of Muscle Tissue locomotion - movement of the body motion - movement of substances within the body maintenance of posture thermogenesis - muscle contractions produce 85% of all body heat Organization of Skeletal Muscle all skeletal muscle is protected by deep fascia, which surrounds the muscle and holds muscle tissue together