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Recall

Weiten Chapter 7

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Chapter 7: Human Memory Human Memory: Basic Questions How does information get into memory? How is information maintained in memory? How is information pulled back out of memory? Figure 7.2 Three key processes in memory Encoding: Getting Information Into Memory The role of attention Focusing awareness Divided attention Encoding: Getting Information into Memory The role of attention Levels of processing Incoming information processed at different levels Deeper processing = longer lasting memory codes Encoding levels: Structural = shallow Phonemic = intermediate Semantic = deep Figure 7.3 Levels-of-processing theory Enriching Encoding Elaboration = linking a stimulus to other information at the time of encoding Thinking of examples

AP psych chapter 7 study guide

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Motivated forgetting
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Chapter 7 Study Guide: Human Memory Encoding: Forming a memory code. Attention: Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events. It is like a filter that screens out most potential stimuli while allowing a select few to pass through to conscious awareness. Selective Attention: Filtering out the potential stimulus around you to focus on a very narrow range of stimuli. Early-Selection: Suggests that the filter of attention is placed after sensory detection and before recognition of meaning. Late-Selection: Suggests that the filter is placed after recognition of meaning but before response selection (i.e. Cocktail Party Phenomenon). Levels-Of-Processing Theory: Proposes that deeper levels of processing result in longer-lasting memory codes.

Memory

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Grant Clay Period 3 10/5/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 7: Memory Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Memory Encoding ? Forming Memory Code. Storage ? Maintaining Encoded Information in Memory over Time. Retrieval ? Recovering Information from Memory Stores. Forgetting is due to deficiencies in any of 3 Processes in Memory. Encoding: Getting Information into Memory Attention ? Focusing Awareness on a narrowed range of Stimuli or Events. You need to pay attention to Information if you intend to remember it. Focusing your attention in 2 or more places at once causes large reduction in memory performance and motor performance. Levels of Processing

Chapter 7 Outline

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Chapter Seven Encoding: Getting Information into memory Next-in-line effect: Participants in a group take turns talking to the group and they tend to forget what was said right before their turn to speak. This happens because when participants are next in line to speak they are too preoccupied rehearsing what they are going to say. The Role of Attention: Attention ? involves focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events. Selective attention is important because without it the world would seem like utter chaos because you can?t block out all the other stimuli. Without this you wouldn?t be able to read a book, have a conversation with a friend or even have a coherent thought.

Chapter 7 Outline

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Psychology
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Mind
memory
cognitive science
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Recall
Forgetting
Encoding
Long-term memory
Semantic memory
Episodic memory
Short-term memory
Working memory

Chapter Seven Encoding: Getting Information into memory Next-in-line effect: Participants in a group take turns talking to the group and they tend to forget what was said right before their turn to speak. This happens because when participants are next in line to speak they are too preoccupied rehearsing what they are going to say. The Role of Attention: Attention ? involves focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events. Selective attention is important because without it the world would seem like utter chaos because you can?t block out all the other stimuli. Without this you wouldn?t be able to read a book, have a conversation with a friend or even have a coherent thought.

Effect of age on memory

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PSYCHOLOGY PRESENTATION Naaifaa / Rashvan / Pearlie EFFECT OF AGE ON MEMORY In RECOGNITION of faces Introduction Skills in remembering of faces may be superior in the older people, as they have much more experience in this respect. However, aging may decline their cognitive abilities. The decision-making system of younger people will be different hence, their accuracy in face recognition will tend to be more different than older adults. Research problem / question Does age affect memory in recognition of faces? Literature review 1 Bryce, M. S., & Dodson, C. S. (2013). Cross-age effect in recognition performance and memory monitoring for faces. Psychology and Aging, 28(1), 87-98.

7th Edition Psych Wayne Weiten Ch.7 Outline

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Process of memory begins with encoding. Attention is inherently selective and has been compared to a filter According to levels of processing theory, the kinds of memory codes people create depend on which aspects of a stimulus are emphasized deeper processing results in better recall of information. Structural, phonemic, and semantic encoding represent progressively deeper and more effective levels of processing Elaboration enriches encoding by linking stimulus to other info. Visual imagery may work in much the same way creating two memory codes rather than just one, encoding that emphasizes personal self-reference may be especially useful in facilitating retention

Psychology: Themes and Variations by Wayne Weiten, 8th edition definitions

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Human Memory

Chapter 7: Human Memory Definitions Amnesia Loss of memories for events that occur after a head injury. See Anterograde amnesia, Retrograde amnesia. Anterograde amnesia Loss of memories for events that occur after a head injury. Attention Focusing awareness on a narrowed range of stimuli or events. Chunk A group of familiar stimuli stored as a single unit. Connectionist models Models of memory that assume cognitive processes depend on patterns of activation in highly interconnected computational networks that resemble neural networks. Also called connectionist models.. See Parallel distributed processing (PDP) models. Consolidation A hypothetical process involving the gradual conversion of information into durable memory codes stored in long-term memory.
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