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Problem solving

Scenarios

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Problem Solving Scenarios Directions: Choose one of the scenarios listed below or develop one of your own with your teacher?s approval. Complete the problem solving guide sheet. Suppose you have decided to buy a new vehicle. You are undecided on what type to buy. You need something affordable both in payments and gas mileage and one that has enough room for the driver and at least three passengers. You will occasionally need to pull your family?s fishing boat. You also want to choose something safe and dependable. Each type of vehicle has pros and cons; what would you decide to purchase?

Chapters 8 + 9

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Algorithm: A problem-solving strategy that eventually leads to a solution; usually involves trying random solutions to a problem in a systematic way. Comment by Margaret Fritz: i am making a final study guide, but you will still have access to this one also. Heuristic: A strategy for making judgments and solving problems. Problem-Solving Methods Trial and Error Difference Reduction Means-End Analysis Working Backward Analogies Insight: Suddenly understanding something. Incubation: The tendency to arrive at a solution after a period of time away from the problem. Convergent Thinking: Thinking that is limited to available facts. Divergent Thinking: A thought process that attempts to generate multiple solutions to a problem.

Language and Thought

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Grant Clay Period 3 10/11/08 AP Psychology Outline Chapter 8: Language & Thought Red ? Definition Blue - Important Points Green - Important People & Contributions Cognition ? Mental Processes; Thinking. Language: Turning Thoughts into Words Language ? Consists of Symbols that Convey Meaning, Rules for Combining those Symbols that can generate Messages. Language is Symbolic, Generative, and Structured. The Structure of Language Language has a Hierarchal Structure. Phonemes ? Smallest Speech Units in a Language that can be Distinguished Perceptually. About 100 Different Phonemes/Sounds. Sound. Morphemes ? Smallest Units of Meaning in a Language. Word. Root Words, Pre-Fixes, and Suffixes

Psychology Themes and Variations Wayne Weiten 8E Ch 8

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Psychology Ch. 8 + Problem Solving In chapter 8 of the text it emphasizes on problem solving The barriers to solving problems Approaches to solving problems Culture and problem solving Types of problem solving + Decision making Basic strategies Common heuristics and flaws + Measuring intelligence History of IQ test Alfred Binet IQ tests are valuable but not always true + Heredity and Environment affects on intelligence Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins. Intelligence is at least partly inherited Intelligence is clearly shaped by both +
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Psychology Themes and Variations Wayne Weiten 8E Ch 8

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Psychology Ch. 8 + Problem Solving In chapter 8 of the text it emphasizes on problem solving The barriers to solving problems Approaches to solving problems Culture and problem solving Types of problem solving + Decision making Basic strategies Common heuristics and flaws + Measuring intelligence History of IQ test Alfred Binet IQ tests are valuable but not always true + Heredity and Environment affects on intelligence Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins. Intelligence is at least partly inherited Intelligence is clearly shaped by both +
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Psychology: Themes and Variations by Wayne Weiten, 8th edition chapter 8 definitions

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Chapter 8 Cognition and Intelligence Glossary Availability heuristic Basing the estimated probability of an event on the ease with which relevant instances come to mind. Bounded rationality The idea that people tend to use simple strategies in decision making that focus on only a few facets of available options and often result in ?irrational? decisions that are less than optimal. See Theory of bounded rationality. Conjunction fallacy An error that occurs when people estimate that the odds of two uncertain events happening together are greater than the odds of either event happening alone. Convergent thinking Narrowing down a list of alternatives to converge on a single correct answer. Correlation coefficient
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