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Serfdom

The latin west AP world history notes

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CHAPTER 14 The Latin West, 1200?1500 I. Rural Growth and Crisis A. Peasants and Population 1. In 1200 C.E. most Europeans were peasants, bound to the land in serfdom and using inefficient agricultural practices. Fifteen to thirty such heavily taxed farming families supported each noble household. 2. Women labored in the fields with men but were subordinate to them. 3. Europe?s population more than doubled between 1000 and 1445. Population growth was accompanied by new agricultural technologies in northern Europe, including the vthree-field system and the cultivation of oats. 4. As population grew, people opened new land for cultivation, including land with poor soil and poor growing conditions. This caused a decline in average crop yields beginning around 1250.

Developments in Europe from 600 BCE to 600 CE

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Developments in Europe from 600 BCE to 600CE A. Restructuring of European economic, social, and political institutions 1. Economic a. West 1. Before fall of Roman Empire, small landowners already selling off land holdings to larger estates i. Many people left urban for rural protection ii. Trade continued to decline ? political order disintegrated 2. Early part ? towns shrink in size 3. 500-1500 Middle Ages ? Medieval 4. 500-1000 Dark Ages ? judgmental, inaccurate 5. Manorialism/Feudalism ? European social, economic, political system i. Estates ? fiefs/manors ii. Form of unfree agricultural labor iii. Method of harnessing peasant labor 1. Ensure steady food supply 2. Different than slavery a. Can not be bought or sold b. Could pass on property to heirs

vocab chapter 16 and 17

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Peasants, population, and plague Rural poverty was not the only result of inefficient farming methods and social inequality. It also resulted from the rapid growth of Europe?s population. China?s population fell because of the Mongol conquest Three-field system: farmers grow their crops on 2/3 of their land each year and panted the third field in oats which stored N2and rejuvenated the soil, and it could be used to feed plow horses. Pop. Growth also led to the foundation of new agricultural settlements.

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