LD50
See median lethal dose.
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Chapter 11 - Risk, Toxicology, and Human Health
homeostasis
Maintenance of favorable internal conditions in a system despite fluctuations in external conditions. See constancy, inertia, resilience.
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Hazardous chemical
Chemical that can cause harm because it (1) is flammable or explosive, (2) can irritate or damage the skin or lungs (such as strong acidic or alkaline substances), or (3) can cause allergic reactions of the immune system (allergens). See also toxic chemical.
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gene mutation
See mutation.
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epidemiology
Study of the patterns of disease or other harmful effects from exposure to toxic chemicals or disease organisms within defined groups of people to find out why some people get sick and some do not.
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dose-response curve
Plot of data showing effects of various doses of a toxic agent on a group of test organisms. See dose, median lethal dose, response.
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dose
Amount of a potentially harmful substance an individual ingests, inhales, or absorbs through the skin. See dose-response curve, median lethal dose. Compare response.
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DDT Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroethane
a chlorinated hydrocarbon that has been widely used as a pesticide but is now banned in some countries.
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cost-benefit analysis
See benefit-cost analysis.
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carcinogen
Chemicals, ionizing radiation, and viruses that cause or promote the development of cancer. See cancer. Compare mutagen, teratogen.
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