deductive reasoning
Using logic to arrive at a specific conclusion based on a generalization or premise. It goes from the general to the specific. Compare inductive reasoning.
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Chapter 3 - Science, Systems, Matter & Energy
critical mass
Amount of fissionable nuclei needed to sustain a nuclear fission chain reaction.
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consensus science
Scientific data, models, theories, and laws that are widely accepted by scientists considered experts in the area of study. These results of science are very reliable. Compare frontier science.
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concentration
Amount of a chemical in a particular volume or weight of air, water, soil, or other medium.
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compound
Combination of atoms, or oppositely charged ions, of two or more different elements held together by attractive forces called chemical bonds. Compare element.
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closed system
System in which energy but not matter is exchanged between the system and its environment. Compare open system.
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chromosome
Grouping of various genes and associated proteins in plant and animal cells that carry certain types of genetic information. See genes.
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chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
Organic compounds made up of atoms of carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. An example is Freon-12 (CCl2F2), used as a refrigerant in refrigerators and air conditioners and in making plastics such as Styrofoam. Gaseous CFCs can deplete the ozone layer when they slowly rise into the stratosphere and their chlorine atoms react with ozone molecules.
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chlorinated hydrocarbon
Organic compound made up of atoms of carbon, hydrogen, and chlorine. Examples are DDT and PCBs.
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chemical reaction
See chemical change.
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