chemical formula
Shorthand way to show the number of atoms (or ions) in the basic structural unit of a compound. Examples are H2O, NaCl, and C6H12O6.
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Chapter 3 - Science, Systems, Matter & Energy
chemical change
Interaction between chemicals in which there is a change in the chemical composition of the elements or compounds involved. Compare nuclear change, physical change.
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chemical
One of the millions of different elements and compounds found naturally and synthesized by humans. See compound, element.
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chain reaction
Multiple nuclear fissions, taking place within a certain mass of a fissionable isotope, that release an enormous amount of energy in a short time. See nuclear.
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CFCs
See chlorofluorocarbons.
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calorie
Unit of energy; amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree C (unit on Celsius temperature scale). See also kilocalorie.
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Biodegradable pollutant
Material that can be broken down into simpler substances (elements and compounds) by bacteria or other decomposers. Paper and most organic wastes such as animal manure are biodegradable but can take decades to biodegrade in modern landfills. Compare degradable pollutant, nondegradable pollutant, slowly degradable pollutant.
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beta particle
Swiftly moving electron emitted by the nucleus of a radioactive isotope. See also alpha particle, gamma rays.
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atomic number
Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Compare mass number.
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atom
Minute unit made of subatomic particles that is the basic building block of all chemical elements and thus all matter; the smallest unit of an element that can exist and still have the unique characteristics of that element. Compare ion, molecule.
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