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Second layer of the atmosphere, extending about 17-48 kilometers (11-30 miles) above the earth's surface. It contains small amounts of gaseous ozone (O3), which filters out about 95% of the incoming harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation emitted by the sun. Compare troposphere.
Number of different species and their relative abundances in a given area. See biodiversity. Compare ecological diversity, genetic diversity.
Group of organisms that resemble one another in appearance, behavior, chemical makeup and processes, and genetic structure. Organisms that reproduce sexually are classified as members of the same species only if they can actually or potentially interbreed with one another and produce fertile offspring.
Reproduction in organisms that produce offspring by combining sex cells, or gametes (such as ovum and sperm), from both parents. This produces offspring that have combinations of traits from their parents. Compare asexual reproduction.
Organism that feeds only on primary consumers. Compare detritivore, omnivore, primary consumer.
Organism that feeds on dead organisms that were killed by other organisms or died naturally. Examples are vultures, flies, and crows. Compare detritivore.
Amount of various salts dissolved in a given volume of water.
Fresh water from precipitation and melting ice that flows on the earth's surface into nearby streams, lakes, wetlands, and reservoirs. See reliable runoff, surface runoff, surface water. Compare groundwater.
See aerobic respiration.
Amount of water vapor in a certain mass of air, expressed as a percentage of the maximum amount it could hold at that temperature. Compare absolute humidity.
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