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2.? both Japan and China had to face the threat of European dominance B.? Most peoples of Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America had to deal in some way with European imperialism. they also had to deal with internal problems and challenges C.? This chapter focuses on societies that faced internal crises while maintaining formal independence. D. ?Four main dimensions of European imperialism confronted these societies: military might and political ambitions of rival European states involvement in a new world economy that radiated from Europe influence of aspects of traditional European culture (e.g., language,? religion, literature) engagement with the culture of modernity II.???????? The External Challenge: European Industry and Empire
