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AP Bio ch 13,14,15 Flashcards

terms and vocab to know

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52433803Incomplete DominanceA type of inheritance in which F1 hybrids have an appearance that is intermediate between the phenotypes of the parental varieties
52433804Law of Independent Assortmenteach pair of alleles segregates into gametes independently.
52433805Law of Segregation2 alleles for a character are packed into seperate gametes.
52433806Linked GenesGenes that are located on the same chromosome.
52433807Genessegment of a chromosome that controls the inheritance of a trait
52433808Sporophytea plant form in the alternation of generations that is diploid, having two sets of chromosomes
52433809Sporeshaploid cells produced by meiosis in sporophyte.
52433810Gametophytea stage in the alternation of generations that is haploid, and has single set of chromosomes
52433811Autosomes22 chromosome pairs that code for many traits; not involved in determining sex.
52433812KaryotypeA display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
52433813Homologous ChromosomesChromosome pairs of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's father, the other from the mother.
52433814Tetrada complex of 4 chromatids
52433815Chiasmata/ChiasmaThe X-shaped, microscopically visible region representing homologous chromatids that have exchanged genetic material through crossing over during meiosis.
52433816Crossing OverThe reciprocal exchange of genetic material between nonsister chromatids during prophase I of meiosis.
52433817Sex-Linked TraitSome traits (genes) carried on the X chromosome and NOT on the Y chromosome.
52433818Multiple AllelesAny set of 3 or more alleles, or alternative states of a gene, only two of which can be presented in a diploid organism. Ex. Bloodtype
52433819PleiotrophyThe ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.
52433820Epistasis2 genes expressed (each with diff. locus) and 1 gene alters phenotypic expression of the other gene.
52433821Polygenic InheritanceAn additive effect of two or more gene loci on a single phenotypic character.
52433822Huntington's DiseaseAudosomal dominantly inherited, degenerative disease caused by dominant allele that has no obvious phenotypic effect until the individual is 35-45. leads to deterioration of the nervous system
52433823Random Fertilizationany one of the 2N different sperm cells can fertilize any one of the 2N different egg cells
52433824oogenesisBeginning/process of making eggs (1n) --> occurs in ovaries
52433825spermatogenesisprocess of making sperm (1n) --> occurs in testes
52433826HemophiliaRecessive sex-linked - *carrier-> heterozygote.
52433827Color blindnesssex-linked recessive. *lack of production of proteins.
52433828Barr bodiesinactive X chromosome (condensed + visible) inside nuclear envelope- occurs randomly and independently in each embryotic cell that is present @ the time of X-inactivation.
52433829CarrierAn individual who is heterozygous at a given locus, with one normal allele & one potentially harmful recessive allele. The heterozygote is phenotypically normal for the character determined by the gene but can pass on the harmful allele to its offspring.
52433830Non-disjunctionNo proper segregation of homologous chromosomes
52433831AneuploidyAbnormal # of chromosomes in offspring
52433832Down syndromeextra chromosome 21; Autosomal Nondisjunction
52433833Trisomy X (XXX)Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes; phenotypically female, their sex organs don't mature during adolescense, secondary sex characteristics fail to develop, sterile, absort stature.
52433834Klinefeltner's Syndrome (XXY)Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes; extra X chromosome, man is sterile
52433835Monosomy X (Turner's Syndrome)Nondisjunction of sex chromosomes; only 1 X chromosome
52433836Chromosomal TranslocationA chromosomal error in which a fragment of a chromosome attatches to a non homologous chromosome.
52433837CML (Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia)portion of chromosome 22 switched places w/ small fragment from a tip of chromosome 9
52433838Duchenne Muscular Dystrophysex-linked recessive; gene for dystrophin has specific locus on X chromosome.
52433839Recombinant %weird type/total
52433840Gene Linkagegenes linked together by loci position *linked on homologous chromosomes.
52433841Sex Linkagegene/allele located on sex chromosome(X)
52433842Wild typeallele present in most of the population
52433843X-InactivationONE X chromosome is randomly inactivated in an embryonic cell
52433844Calico catsheterozygous females*all females (1 allele->black fur, 1 allele->colored + white fur
52433845Sweat gland disorderrecessive x-linked mutation; heterozygous females lacks sweat glands
52433846Lethal TraitsGene whose expression results in death of the organism
52433847SynapsisThe pairing of replicated homologous chromosomes during Prophase I of meiosis.
52433848Codominance2 alleles both affect the offspring's phenotype in distinct ways (blood type); Expression of both traits.
52433849Sickle Cell DiseaseAutosomal Recessive; A human genetic disorder caused by a recessive allele that results in the substitution of a single amino acid in the hemoglobin protein. It is characterized by deformed red blood cells that can lead to numerous symptoms. (single AA mutation)
52433850Locus(plural, loci) position of a gene on a chromosome.
52433851Recombinant ChromosomesA chromosome created when crossing over combines the DNA from two parents into a single chromosome.
52433852Linkage Mapgenetic map that is put together using crossover frequencies
52433853Recombinant Frequency(recombinants/total offspring) X 100
52433854Map Unitused to geographically relate the genes on the basis of these frequencies
52433855Tay Sacs DiseaseAutosomal Recessive-fatal genetic order that renders the body unable to break down a particular type of lipid that accumulates in the brain and eventually causes blindness and brain damage
52433856Cystic Fibrosisa recessive disorder, most common fatal disease in country, located in chromosome 7, involved with the transport of cl ions
52433857Life Cyclesgeneration-to-generation sequence of stages of an organism from conception-offspring.
52441469Trisomycells have 3 copies of a chromosome
52441470Monosomycells have only 1 copy of a chromosome
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Block 3- Informatics Flashcards

automation, health 2.0, consumer and public health informatics

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530538636purpose of barcode?identify item when physically scanned
530538637benefit of a barcodecan store lots of information and is selectively scanned
530538638what is an RFID?computerized chip that transmits to a receiving module
530538639benefit of a RFID?can identify many items simultaneously: tracks items or people, no user activity needed
530538640what is a linear barcode?normal barcode including NDC or rx #
530538641advantages of linear barcodes?compatible with most barcode scanners and its human readable
530538642what are 2D barcodes?boxes that look like QR codes
530538643advantages of 2D barcodes?encode much more info in same or smaller size barcode than linear
530538644What does an Aztec barcode look like?square block in middle
530538645What does a Data barcode look like?solid lines on left and bottom
530538646What do QR codes look like?square blocks on 3 corners
530538647Automation used in inpatient care?Biometric ID, compounding, packaging, dispensing, storage, distribution, administration
530538648Automation used in Ambulatory care?computer systems, automated counting/multidose systems, outpatient dispensing
530538649Health 2.02nd generation internet technologies to improve patient health outcomes and increase patients involvement in their own care
530538650Web 2.0describes the changes in the web which occurred : social media, interactive apps, combining contributions of many users, rapid/stable updates
530538651Web 2.0 toolsRSS feeds, blogs, podcasts, wiki, social video, tagging, bookmarking, networking, webinars, virtual worlds
530538652RSS feedreally simple syndication- standardized formats of frequently updated content- topic specific
530538653Social Bookmarkingdirect (one to one)- improves search results for health resources, links to credible info
530538654Taggingmany references that point to one source
530538655Personal Health Recordsability to maintain, update, and share their health related info, can participate and collaborate in own care
530538656Patient Portalssecure login for patients to access PHR and results from health care system or single provider
530538657CHIstudies the use of electronic information and communications to improve medical outcomes and the health care decision making process
530538658what is the purpose of CHI?empower and educate patients on their own health
530538659mHealthuse of mobile/wireless devices to improve health outcomes
530538660Patient focused informatics?patient portals, mobile health apps, e-health tools---- easy to keep track
530538661health literacy?ability to understand and use health informatics
530538662consumer education?e-health tools, printed material-- internet based
530538663influence development of CHI?internet, cells, smart phones, texts
530538664benefits of CHI/mHealthpatients manage self, prevent/treat disease, everyone has access to the info, live connected, fuller, and independent lives
530538665barriers to CHIhealth literacy, access to internet, security of private info, trust in internet/app information
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Dome of the rock Flashcards

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323231749Dome of the rock is located inJerusalem
323231750The Dome of the rock was completed when and who was the patron?691 and abd-al malik
323231751What time in history was the Dome of the rock built in?Umayyad period
323231752Al-miaj is what?The night journey that the prophet took that was shared with the other well known prophets. When he had gone to the seven layers of heaven and hell. Also believers think that the prophet left foot prints to make the event.
323231753What is Kufic and where is it seen?Kufic is a script that is seen as a boarder all around the Dome of the rock.
323231754What does the kurfic say?a) God is one, can not be born can not give birth. b) Muhammad is god's last prophets. c) Isa-Jesus was also a messenger of god and carried some traits of being divine. d) Day of judgment, Isa will come back and rule the world. Will take place in Jerusalem.
323231755The Dome of the rock was built for 3 main reasons. What are they?a) to show the Christians the truth of Islam. b) To show the world the need for Jerusalem. c) To show god's needs and the place of return of Isa.
323231756Real reason that the Dome of the rock was most likely built?Was a competition to Kaaba in mecca.
323231757What are voussoirs?wedge-shaped stones used in building arches. To help fit a dome on a square.
323231758What are ablaq?poly-chrome (alternating colors) of masonry to create a striped effect. example: The marble seen at the dome of the rock.
323238151What was the Dome of the rock first at being?mosque built.
323238152"noble sanctuary"Dome of the rock.
323238153Dome of the rock is......?the third most holy cities of Islam.
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Courtiers & Burghers Flashcards

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118201330tenacitythe act of sticking to something
118201331minutevery tiny, small
118201332buststatue comprising usually the head and shoulders
118201333burghersa prosperous member of the middle class
118201334courtiersthose in attendance at a royal court
118201335outmodedold fashioned, no longer in use
118201336cherubimorder of angels
118201337predilectionan established preference for something
118201338lyricalhaving an artistically beautiful quality
118201339recedingpulling back from
118201340amplehaving more than enough
118201341harta white deer
118201342commendto praise
118201343attireclothing, outfits
118201344pageantrythe use of special clothing or traditions in the observation of a special event
118970083enterprisean undertaking (also a ship on Star Trek)
118970084melodioushaving a musical quality
118970085waningon the decline
118970086paragonthe highest form of
118970087rigiditystiffness
118970088fortifiedstrengthened
118970089aloofnot engaged, apart from others
118970090gilthaving a golden exterior
118970091teemingswarming with, having a ton of
118970092exemplifyto serve as an example, illustrate
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APUSH Chapter 20 Vocab Flashcards

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5091279171. Napoleon IIIFrench dictator who ignored the Monroe Doctrine by intervening in Mexican policies
5091279182. MaximilianFrench viceroy who takes over Mexico during Civil War due to fact that America cannot enforce monroe doctrine
5091279193.Charles Francis AdamsAmerican envoy whose shrewd diplomacy helped keep Britain neutral during the Civil War
5091279204. Clara BartonNurse during the Civil War; started the American Red Cross
5091279215. William H. Sewardas the 12th Governor of New York, United States Senator and the United States Secretary of State under Abraham Lincoln and Andrew Johnson.
5091279226. Edwin M. StantonSecretary of War under Lincoln who criticized him often
5091279237. Jefferson DavisPresident of the Confederate States of America
5091279248. Morrill Tariff ActThis was an act passed by Congress in 1861 to meet the cost of the war. It raised the taxes on shipping from 5 to 10 percent however later needed to increase to meet the demanding cost of the war. This was just one the new taxes being passed to meet the demanding costs of the war. Although they were still low to today's standers they still raked in millions of dollars.
5091279259. National Banking Actwere two United States federal banking acts that established a system of national banks for banks, and created the United States National Banking System
50912792610. Trent AffairThe incident in which a Union warship stopped a British steamer and removed two Confederate diplomats
50912792711. AlabamaA ship built by the British. Not originally built to be a war ship but in 1862 the confederates gave it a crew and weapons. It captured over sixty union vessels before it accepted a challenge from a union cruiser in 1864 off the coast of France.
50912792812. Laird ramsironclad warships tha were kept out of Confederate hards by Minister Adams's stern protests to the British government
50912792913. King Cottonwas a slogan used by southerners (1860-61) to support secession from the United States by arguing cotton exports would make an independent Confederacy economically prosperous, and—more important—would force Great Britain and France to support the Confederacy in the Civil War because their industrial economy depended on textiles derived from cotton
50912793014. Draft Riotswere violent disturbances in New York City that were the culmination of working-class discontent with new laws passed by Congress that year to draft men to fight in the ongoing American Civil War.
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Genetics & Genomics Exam I Flashcards

The Basics

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552787188AlleleAlternative forms of a gene in the same location
552787189AneuploidWhen a cell contains more or fewer chromosomes than the normal diploid number for the species
552787190Autosomes22 non-sexual pairs of human chromosomes
552787191Base pairsare the complementary bases in the 2 opposite strands of DNA
552787192BasesThe 4 nucleoproteins that form the essential nitrogen-containing components of DNA adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
552787193CentromereThe pinched-in area of the chromosome connecting the two sides
552787194ChromatidEach longitudinal left & right half of the chromosome
552787195ChromosomeA temporary but consistent state of condensed DNA structure formed for the purpose of cell division
552787196Codominant traitWhen 2 alleles are different & each is dominant, they are both expressed
552787197Complementary pairsNitrogenous bases that normally pair using hydrogen bonds. A-T C-G
552787198DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)The basic genetic chemical structure, containing gene coding regions & non coding regions, that can be compacted into a chromosome form.
552787199Diploid chromosome numberWhen the nucleus contains both pairs of all chromosomes. (2N)
552787200Dominant traitis expressed even when the 2 gene alleles for that trait are different
552787201DNA replicationA duplication or reproduction of one cell's DNA during cell division resulting in 2 identical sets of DNA
552787202EuploidWhen a cell's nucleus contains the normal diploid number of chromosomes for the species
552787203GeneIs a specific set of instructions cells use to produce a specific protein
552787204Gene locusSpecific chromosome location of an individual gene (think of this as the "pg" of the Ch in which the recipe is located
552787205GeneticsStudy of the general mechanisms of heredity & the variations of inherited traits
552787206GenomeComplete set of genes for the species
552787207GenomicsStudy of function of all nucleotide sequences present within the entire genome of a species, including genes in DNA coding regions & in DNA non coding regions
552787208GenotypeGenetic make up of an individual
552787209Haploid chromosome numberA complete set of 1 of each chromosomes representing 23 individual chromosomes (1N)
552787210HeterozygousWhen a person has 2 diff gene alleles for a single-gene trait
552787211HistonesGlobular protein balls that DNA tightly coils around, the DNA compacts itself without creating tangles or damaging its basic structure (base pairs are not broken or lost during this process)
552787212HomozygousWhen a person has 2 identical gene alleles for a single-gene trait
552787213KaryotypeAn organized arrangement of all the chromosomes within 1 cell durning the metaphase section of mitosis
552787214MitosisA duplication division resulting in 2 new cells that are identical both to each other & to the original cell (parent cell) that began the mitosis, each cell must have a complete genome
552787215NucleosideA nitrogenous base of adenine, cytosine, guanine, or thymine attached to a 5 sided sugar (ribose sugar)
552787216NucleotideA nitrogenous base attached to a 5 sided sugar connected to a phosphate group
552787217P armSegments of chromosome extending above the centromere (p is for "petite")
552787218PhenotypePhysical appearance of the genotype as influenced by the environment
552787219PloidyThe actual # of chromosomes present in a single-cell nucleus at mitosis
552787220PolyploidyWhen additional whole sets of extra chromosomes are present (such as 69 chromosomes 3N triploidy or 92 chromosomes tetraploidy 4N)
552787221ProteomeThe DNA that codes for the complete set of all proteins that a person can make at a given time under certain conditions
552787222ProteomicsStudy of how protein genes are selectively expressed, are modified after expression & interact w/ each other
552787223q armThe segments of chromosome below the centromeres (b/c q is the next letter of the alphabet after p) (long arms)
552787224Recessive traitIs a single-gene trait that is expressed only when both gene alleles are the same
552787225Sex chromosomesAre the pair that contains the genes for sexual differentiation of a person
552787226Single-gene traitGenes in which 1 gene controls the expression of a specific structure, protein, or function (monogenic traits)
552787227AnticodonThe tRNA complementary code for an amino acid codon
552787228CodonA specific RNA base sequence containing the complimentary code to each amino acid's DNA triplet
552787229DNA antisense strandThe single strand of DNA exactly opposite the sense strand that contains the complimentary base sequence to the gene, not the actual gene itself
552787230DNA coding regionAn area of DNA that contains many genes that generally have the same base sequences from 1 person to another
552787231DNA noncoding regionA section of DNA containing multiple repeat sequences that is not composed of genes & does not code for specific proteins
552787232DNA sense strand1 strand of double-stranded DNA that contains the actual gene coding sequence for the protein to be synthesized. Same as sense DNA
552787233DNA tripletThe exact 3 nucleotide base sequences that code for a specific amino acid
552787234ExonsThe segmental parts of DNA within a gene-coding region that actually belong in the gene-coding sequence for a specific protein
552787235Frameshift mutationsDisruptions of the DNA reading frame as a result of having a whole base or group of bases added or deleted
552787236Gene expressionThe activation of a gene leading to the transcription, translation & synthesis of a specific protein
552787237Germline mutationA mutation that occurs in germ cells (sperm or ova) & can be passed on to one's children at conception
552787238IntronsThe sectional parts of DNA within a gene-coding region that do not belong to the gene-coding sequence of the protein being synthesized
552787239MicroRNAA small noncoding piece of RNA that regulates gene expression at the mRNA level by inhibiting the translation & promoting the degradation of specific (targeted) cytoplasmic mRNA molecules
552787240MutagenAny substance or event that can inflict temporary or permanent changes in the normal DNA sequence
552787241MutationAn alteration in the base sequence of DNA or RNA
552787242Point mutationSubstitutions of 1 base for another & can occur in DNA or RNA
552787243Post-transcriptional modificationA processes that eliminates the introns before the mRNA can be translated & used to direct the precise synthesis of the protein coded by the gene
552787244Post-translational modificationFurther process of a newly translated primary protein structure into its secondary & tertiary structures (& sometimes even a quaternary structure) needed to make it fully functional
552787245Protein synthesisThe selective activation of a gene, resulting in its transcription & translation into the production of the appropriate protein
552787246RNA (ribonucleic acid)A single strand of nitrogenous bases (adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine) constructed during transcription from DNA containing the gene for a specific protein
552787247RIbosomeA cytoplasmic adapter molecule containing a complex of proteins & RNA that essentially decodes the mRNA to place the proper individual amino acid into the peptide chain during protein synthesis
552787248Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)A type of point mutation commonly inherited in a gene that alters gene activity in a certain percentage of the general pop
552787249Somatic mutationA mutation that occurs after conception in general body cells (somatic cells) & cannot be passed on to one's children
552787250TranscriptionThe process of making a strand of RNA that is complementary to the DNA sequence that contains the gene for the protein needed
552787251Transfer RNA (tRNA)Specialized carrier & transfer molecules that can move an amino acid into position to be incorporated into a growing peptide chain during protein synthesis
552787252TranslationThe process of using a mature mRNA molecule as the directions for proper placement of amino acids in the correct sequence to synthesize a protein
552787253UracilA pyrimidine base nearly identical to thymine that is used in place of thymine in RNA synthesis
552787254ApoptosisProgrammed cell death
552787255Contact inhibition of mitosisThe inhibition of normal cells to undergo mitosis when molecules are completely contacted with the membranes of other cells
552787256DifferentiationThe process by which a cell leaves the pluripotent stage & acquires the maturational features & functions of a specific cell type
552787257GametogenesisThe conversion of diploid germ cells into haploid gametes that are capable of uniting at conception to start a new person
552787258MeiosisThe process of chromosomal reduction cell divisions during gametogenesis to ensure that gametes are haploid
552787259Meiotic cell divisionA special type of cell division in which the chromosome % per cell is reduced to half
552787260OncogenesA large group of genes that produce proteins that promote entering & completing the cell cycle (AKA promitotic genes)
552787261OogenesisThe process of forming oocytes from precursor germ cells
552787262Pluripotent cellAn undifferentiated early embryonic cell that, under the right conditions, can become any human body cell
552787263Signal transductionA set of communication system chain that allows info about events, conditions, & substances external to the cell to reach the nucleus & influence whether the cell then divides, undergoes apoptosis, or performs its differentiated functions
552787264SpermatogenesisThe process of converting diploid spermatogenia into mature haploid sperm
552787265Suppressor genesA set of master control genes that produce proteins that restrict a cell from entering the cell from 1 phase to the next within the cell cycle. Some products of these genes also trigger apoptosis
552787266Transcription factorsA variety of promitotic substances that enter a cell nucleus & signal gene transcription or mitosis is needed
552787267IncidenceThe rate at which new cases occur
552787268PrevalenceThe proportion of a pop affected by a disease at any one time
552787269CongenitalA condition that is present at birth
552787270PenetranceUsed to describe the proportion of individuals who are heterozygous for an AD, who express the disease (means can have disease but not express it)
552787271AnticipationSome autosomal dominant disease increase severity or have an earlier age of onset as the disease is passed from one generation to the next
552787272HeterogeneityRefers to variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, but differ in type of mutation
552787273X inactivationIn somatic cells of females one X chromosome is randomly inactivated, exists as a barr body and its alleles are not expressed
552787274Age of ExpressionThe same disorder may show effects at different point in the lifespan
552787275Parental Age EffectBoth maternal and paternal age may increase risk of inherited disorders, but the mechanisms are different
552787276ImprintingAn epigenetic event in which a gene (or gene allele) is inactivated by means other than mutation so that DNA sequence of the gene remains normal but its expression is inhibited
552787277Consanguinitysame bloodline/close to family
552787278ExpressivityThe degree of trait expression a person has when a dominant gene is present
552787279LinkageTendency for two or more non-allelic genes to be inherited together b/c they're located more or less closely on same chromosomes (Measured by % recombination btwn loci)
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APUSH Ch. 18 Review Flashcards

AP US History
American Pageant 13th Ed.
Chapter 18 Review
(Vocab + Questions)
Also used:
http://wikinotes.wikidot.com/chapter-18-13

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108955898Election of 1848Lewis Cass (Democrat who support popular sovereignty) vs. Zachary Taylor (Whig party); Taylor won
108955899popular sovereigntythe people of a territory should decide and issue for themselves
108955900Zachary TaylorWhig Party candidate in the election of 1848
108955901Lewis CassDemocratic Party candidate in the election of 1848
108955902Sutter's MillWhere gold was first discovered in 1848; marked the beginning of the Gold Rush
108955903Result of the Gold RushCalifornia had enough people to become a state
108955904Fugitive Slave Law"round up" runaways up North and ship them back South
108955905Underground Railroada secret route from "station to station" that led many slaves to the North and eventually to Canada
108955906Harriet Tubmanmost well-known "conductor" of the "railroad;" snuck back into the South 19 times and led some 300+ slaves to freedom
108955907Henry Claythe "Great Compromiser;" offered a compromise for the California slavery issue
108955908John C. Calhounargued for the South and for states' rights; wanted slavery to be left alone, the runaway slaves to be returned to the South, and state balance kept intact
108955909Daniel Websterargued for the North; opposed to slavery's expansion
108955910Seventh of MarchIn this speech, Webster urged the North to compromise on the issue of California slavery
108955911William H. SewardChief among the Young Guard; staunchly against slavery Said Americans must follow "higher law"
108955912higher lawGod's law, above the Constitution
108955913Millard FillmoreTook over for President Taylor when he died (was Taylor's VP)
108955914Compromise of 1850North: • California admitted as a free state • Texas gave up its claims to lands disputed with New Mexico • Slave trade in D.C. was banned, but slavery was legal South: • Popular sovereignty in Mexican Cession lands • Texas was paid $10 million for land lost • A new, tougher Fugitive Slave Law of 1850
108955915Election of 1852Franklin Pierce (Democrat) vs Winfield Scott (Whig); Pierce won landslide
108955916Franklin PierceDemocratic candidate in the election of 1852; was not a great leader, but had no enemies
108955917Winfield ScottWhig candidate in election of 1852 Nicknamed "Old Fuss and Feathers"
108955918Free Soil PartyParty that garnered 5% of the Northern vote
108955919Clayton-Bulwer TreatyTreaty that erased U.S. and British tensions and said neither the U.S. or Britain would take over the area without the other's agreement
108955920slavocracya conspiracy theory where the South was supposedly always seeking to add new slave lands
108955921William Walkertried to take over Nicaragua in 1856
108955922Ostend Manifestosaid the U.S. would offer $120 million for Cuba, and if Spain rejected it, the U.S. would be justified in taking Cuba by force
108955923Black WarriorAmerican ship seized by Cuba
108955924Caleb CushingSent by President Tyler to China to work a favorable deal to the U.S.
108955925Commodore Mathhew Perrygot Japan to open itself to trade in the Treaty of Kanagawa
108955926Treaty of KanagawaPerry got Japan to open up to U.S. to trade
108955927James Gadsdensent to Mexico to work a deal for the land
108955928Gadsden Purchasebought the southern chunk of present Arizona and New Mexico for $10 million
108955929Stephen Douglasthrew a wrench in the railroad plans
108955930Kansas-Nebraska Actproposed to organize Kansas and Nebraska and move the transcontinental railroad up north
110221080self-determinationIn politics, the right of a people to assert its own national identity or form of government without outside influence
110221081homesteadA family home or farm with buildings and land sufficient for survival
110221082vigilante Concerning groups that claim to punish crime and maintain order without legal authority to do so
110221083sanctuaryplace of refuge or protection, where people are safe from punishment by the law
110221084fugitiveA person who flees from danger or prosecution
110221085topographyThe precise surface features and details of a place - for example, rivers, bridges, hills - inrelation to one another
110221086mundaneBelonging to this world, as opposed to the spiritual world
110221087statecraftThe art of government leadership
110221088isthmianConcerning a narrow strip of land connecting two larger bodies of land
110221089filibusteringAdventurers who conduct a private war against a foreign country
110221090mikadoA title of the Japanese emperor used by foreigners
110221091cloak-and-daggerConcerning the activities of spies or undercover agents, especially involving elaborate deceptions
110221092manifestoA proclamation or document aggressively asserting a controversial position or advocating a daring course of action
110221093boosterOne who promotes a person or enterprise, especially in a highly enthusiastic way
110221094truceA temporary suspension of warfare by agreement of the hostile parties
110279227Stephen A. DouglasIllinois politician who helped smooth over sectional conflict in 1850 but then reignited it in 1854
110279228Franklin PierceWeak Democratic president hose pro-soutthern cabinet pushed aggresive expansionist schemes
110279229District of ColumbiaPlace wehre the slave trade was ended by the Compromise of 1850
110279230Fire-eatersHotheaded southern agitators who pushed for southern interests and favored secession from the Union
110279231Mason-Dixon lineThe boundary line between slave and free states in the East, originally the southern border of Pennsylvania
110279232Clayton-Bulwer TreatyAn agreement between Britain and America concerning any future Central American canal
110279233Ostend ManifestoA top-secret dispatch, drawn up by American diplomats in Europe, that detailed a plan for seizing Cuba from Spain
110279234Missouri CompromiseThe sectional agreement of 1820, repealed by the Kansas-Nebraska Act
110279235Democratic (Party)The political party that was deeply divided by Douglas's Kansas-Nebraska Act
110279236Republican (Party)A new political party organized as a protest against the Kansas-Nebraska Act
110279237Whig (Party)The conflict over slavery after the election of 1852 led shortly to the death of this party
110279238The NorthThe greatest winner in the Compromise of 1850
110279239CaliforniaUnder the terms of the Compromise of 1850, the state that was admitted as a free state
110279240Utah and New MexicoUnder the terms of the Compromise of 1850, the states that slavery was left up to popular sovereignty
110279241Henry Clay and Daniel WebsterThe two notable advocates of compromise in the controversy over slavery in 1850
110279242Daniel WebsterDuring the debate over the Compromise of 1850, northern antislavery forces were particularly outraged by what they considered the "betrayal" of this senator
110279919Kansas-NebraskaAct wrecked the Compromise of 1850 and created deep divisions within the Democratic Party.
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Chapter 15 and 16 Quiz Flashcards

Information from The American Pageant, 13th Edition and wikinotes.wikidot.com

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247750265Dorothea Dixassembled her reports on insanity and asylums from firsthand observations; petition of 1843 resulted in improved conditions and in a gain for the concept that the demented were not willfully perverse but mentally ill.
247750266Brigham Youngtook control after Joseph Smith was murdered; in 1846-1847 he led his oppressed and despoiled Latter-Day Saints to Utah; made the community a prosperous frontier theocracy and cooperative commonwealth.
247750267Elizabeth Cady Stantonmother of seven who insisted on leaving "obey" out of her marriage ceremony and advocated suffrage for women.
247750268Lucretia Mottsprightly Quaker whose ire had been aroused when she and her fellow female delegates to the London antislavery convention of 1840 were not recognized.
247750269Emily Dickinsonpoet
247750270Charles Grandison Finneygreatest of revivalist preachers
247750271Robert Owenstarted New Harmony, Indiana; quickly fell apart
247750272John Humphrey Noyes...
247750273May Lyon...
247750274Louisa May Alcottwrote "Little Women"
247750275James Fennimore Cooperwrote what might be considered the first of blockbuster American fiction in "Leatherstocking Tales." These stories told of Natty Bumppo, a frontiersman and his adventures, notably in The Last of the Mohicans. The setting was the wilderness of New York.
247750276Ralph Waldo Emersonformer Unitarian pastor turned writer and lyceum speaker. His most famous writing/speech was "Self Reliance" which stressed individualism. He also urged Americans to declare independence from Europe in terms of art, literature, thinking, etc.
247750277Walt Whitmanwas a saucy poet who wrote "Leaves of Grass." He encouraged people to live their lives to the fullest and holler out a "barbaric yawp."
247750278Edgar Allan Poeoften credited with inventing the "psychological thriller." His poems and stories often dealt with the ghostly and the macabre. Well-known works are "The Raven," "The Fall of the House of Usher," and many others.
247750279Herman Melvillewrote "Moby Dick," the allegorical tale of good vs. evil. It follows the mad Captain Ahab's hell-bent quest to kill the white whale, Moby Dick.
247750280Sir Walter Scottauthor of "Ivanhoe" and was very popular to Southerners. They liked the medieval world described in the novel and especially its code of chivalry with knights and damsels. In the Southern-elite mind, Southern society was rekindling medieval society with military-trained, bright, and dashing young Southern gentlemen and the gentile Southern belles. Though real in the elite Southern mind, this society was also myth. And even if it came close to being real, it was still built on the backs of slaves.
247750281Harriet Beecher Stowewrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin."
247750282Nat Turnerconsidered something of a prophet and led a revolt in Virginia.
247750283Liberia...
247750284Theodore Dwight Weldinspired by Charles Grandison Finney's preaching and became a leading anti-slavery spokesman.
247750285Lewis Tappan...
247750286Lane Theological Seminaryheaded by Lyman Beecher
247750287William Lloyd Garrisonpublished a radical abolitionist newspaper titled "The Liberator." It made its debut on New Year's Day, 1831, and forcefully shouted against slavery for the next 30 years. His famous battle cry was I WILL BE HEARD! Critics charged that he fanned the flames of anti-slavery, but offered no real solution.
247750288David Walkerwrote "Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World" urged military action to end slavery.
247750289Sojourner Truthtireless spokeswoman for abolition and women's rights.
247750290Frederick Douglassformer slave who escaped to Massachusetts and became the cause's leading spokesman.
247750291John Quincy Adams...
247750292Elijah Lovejoyoffended Catholic women and saw his printing press destroyed four times then was murdered by a mob.
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Reform Movements- The Antabellum Period Flashcards

(1800-1860)

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261770185Women's right movement...
261770186Seneca Falls Covention (1848)(1848) "Declaration of Sentiments" convention for equal opportunity in education, equality before the law, esp in carrer opurtunities and property rights, womens sufferage
261770187Susan B Anthonywomen's rights advocate- arrested and fined for voting
261770188Elizabeth Stantonfounder of the National Women's Sufferage Assocation (1870's)
261770189Emma Blackwellfirst female doctor
261770190Troy female instituteone of first women's colleges- by 1850s, over half of colleges still dont allow women
261770191Abolitionism (1830s)...
261770192manumission societiesencouraged slave owners to put free thier slaves upon thier death- Quaker sponsored
261770193William Lloyd GarrisonThe Liberator(1831)"I will be as harsh as the truth!" -radical passifist that proposed the noth sceceding from the south - called for the imediate release of all slaves w/o compromise-the Christian duty!
261770194John Brownviolent white abolitionist who attempted to create a millitant slave revolution in VA (1859)
261770195Fredrick Douglassescaped slave; black advocate who wrote the NOrth Star
261770196Soujourner Truthex- slave who was a african american and women's rights advocate/ speaker/ preacher. couldnt read or right, and used common language, but held extreme power in her vernacular
261770197Harriet TubmanUNDERGROUND RAILROAD
261770198Harriet Beacher Stowewrote uncle tom's cabin
261770199Nat Turner's revoltslave revolt in VA, with over 60 shites killed and mutilated; effect was a slave/ abolition scare- gag rule in the house, and slave codes strictly enforced
261770200Grayson's "Hirelind and the Slave"justufucation for slavery- they have it better than northern hired help bacouse they have permanent employment and a security net
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